Living together of unlike organisms
Symbiosis
Mutualism
Parasitism
Commensalism
2 species live together
Parasitism
Symbiosis
Commensalism
Endoparasite
One species benefits from the relationship w/o harming or benefiting the other
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Erratic
2 organisms benefit from each other
Mutualism
Endoparasite
Symbiosis
Obligate parasite
1 organism lives in or on another for its survival at the expense of the host
Parasitism
Ectoparasite
Symbiosis
Commensalism
Lives inside the body of the host
Endoparasite
Ectoparasite
Lives outside the body of the host
Endoparasite
Ectoparasite
Parasite found in an organ w/c is not its usual habitaT
Obligate parasite
Erratic
Accidental/incidental parasite
Permanent parasite
Need a host to complete their development
Obligate parasite
Facultative parasite
Definitive/final host
Intermediate host
May exist in a free-living state
Obligate parasite
Permanent parasite
Temporary parasite
Facultative parasite
Parasite that established itself in a host where it does not ordinarily live
Accidental/incidental parasite
Temporary parasite
Permanent parasite
Mechanical/phoretic vector
Passes through the digestive tract w/o infecting the host
Definitive/final host
Biologic vector
Spurious parasite
Ectoparasite
Parasite attains sexual maturity
Spurious parasite
Definitive/final host
Intermediate host
Paratenic host
Harbors the asexual/larval stage of the parasite
Paratenic host
Reservoir host
Intermediate host
Biologic vector
One in which the parasite does not develop further to later stages Parasite remains alive and is able to infect another host
Paratenic host
Reservoir host
Mechanical/phoretic vector
Obligate parasite
Allows the parasite’s life cycle to continue and become additional sources of infection
Biologic vector
Paratenic host One in which the parasite does not develop further to later stages
Reservoir host
Spurious parasite
Transmits the parasite only after the the latter has completed its development within the host
Reservoir host
Biologic vector
Ectoparasite
Intermediate host
Unicellular organism
Protozoan
Metazoan
Multicellular organism
Metazoan
Protozoan
Seatworm
Trichuris trichiura
Enterobius vermicularis
Onchocerca volvulus
Trichinella spiralis
Muscle worm and Garbage worm
Trichinella spiralis
Anisakis
Dracunculus medinensis
Strongyloides stercoralis
Fiery serpent of the Israelites
Anisakis
Fasciolopsis buski
Dracunculus medinensis
Toxocara canis
Dragon worm
Fasciolopsis buski
Dracunculus medinensis
Trichinella spiralis
Enterobius vermicularis
Fish and Marine mammal roundworm
Anisakis
Clonorchis sinensis
Fasciola hepatica
Dirofilaria immitis
Dog/canine heartworm
Toxocara canis
Dirofilaria immitis
Ancylostoma caninum
Ancylostoma braziliense
Dog ascarid
Toxocara cati
Toxocara canis
Fasciola hepatica
Fasciola gigantica
Cat ascarid
Toxocara canis
Toxocara cati
Fasciola hepatica
Fasciola gigantica
Sheep liver fluke
Fasciola hepatica
Fasciola gigantica
Clonorchis sinensis
Fasciolopsis buski
Giant liver fluke
Fasciola hepatica
Fasciola gigantica
Fasciolopsis buski
Schistosoma mansoni
Oriental liver fluke and Chinese liver fluke
Clonorchis sinensis
Fasciolopsis buski
Fasciola hepatica
Taenia solium
Giant intestinal fluke
Echinostoma ilocanum
Heterophyes heterophyes
Fasciolopsis buski
Fasciola gigantica
Garrison’s fluke
Paragonimus westermani
Schistosoma japonicum
Echinostoma ilocanum
Dipylidium caninum
Von Siebold’s fluke
Paragonimus westermani
Heterophyes heterophyes
Echinostoma ilocanum
Diphyllobothrium latum
Oriental lung fluke
Paragonimus westermani
Heterophyes heterophyes
Echinostoma ilocanum
Diphyllobothrium latum
Oriental blood fluke
Schistosoma japonicum
Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma haematobium
Fasciola hepatica
Profile of a man
Schistosoma haematobium
Schistosoma japonicum
Schistosoma mansoni
Hymenolepis diminuta
Bladder fluke
Heterophyes heterophyes
Schistosoma haematobium
Fasciolopsis busk
Schistosoma japonicum
Beef tapeworm
Taenia saginata
Taenia solium
Diphyllobothrium latum
Echinococcus granulosus
Pork tapeworm
Taenia saginata
Taenia solium
Diphyllobothrium latum
Echinococcus granulosus
Dwarf tapeworm
Hymenolepis diminuta
Dipylidium caninum
Diphyllobothrium latum
Hymenolepis nana
Rat tapeworm (Norway rats)
Hymenolepis diminuta
Dipylidium caninum
Hymenolepis nana
Diphyllobothrium latum
Dog tapeworm and Double-pored tapeworm
Diphyllobothrium latum
Dipylidium caninum
Ancylostoma caninum
Toxocara canis
Broadfish tapeworm
Diphyllobothrium latum
Echinococcus agranulosus
Heterophyes heterophyes
Onchocerca volvulus
Hydatid worm
Diphyllobothrium latum
Echinococcus agranulosus
Schistosoma haematobium
Hymenolepis diminuta
Giant intestinal roundworm
Enterobius vermicularis
Trichuris trichiura
Ascaris lumbricoides
Ancylostoma duodenale
Infective Stages of Protozoans (amoebas)
Sporozoites
Cyst
Trophozoite
Trypomastigote
Infective Stages of T. vaginalis
Trophozoite
Cyst
Sporozoites
Trypomastigote
Infective Stages of Trypanosoma
Embryonated egg
Promastigote
Trypomastigote
Trophozoite
Infective Stages of T. spiralis
Filariform larva
Larva
3rd stage larva (filiform)
Embryonated egg
Infective Stages of C. philippinensis
Filariform larva
Larva
3rd stage larva (filiform)
Embryonated egg
Infective Stages of Hookworm
3rd stage larva (filiform)
Promastigote
Filariform larva
Larva
Infective Stages of S. stercoralis
3rd stage larva (filiform)
Promastigote
Filariform larva
Larva
Infective Stages of W. bancrofti
Promastigote
Larva
Filariform larva
3rd stage larva (filiform)
Infective Stages of B. malayi
Larva
Filariform larva
3rd stage larva (filiform)
Cyst
Elongated, flattened on 1 side D-shaped
Trichuris trichiura
Enterobius vermicularis
Capillaria philippinensis
Hookworms (Necator, Ancylostoma)
Resembles Japanese lantern
Enterobius vermicularis
Capillaria philippinensis
Strongyloides stercoralis
Trichuris trichiura
Rectal prolapse
Enterobius vermicularis
Capillaria philippinensis
Trichuris trichiura
Strongyloides stercoralis
Guitar, peanut-shaped
Capillaria philippinensis
Enterobius vermicularis
Trichuris trichiura
Strongyloides stercoralis
Agent of laziness in poor white population and tropical anemia in Puerto Rico
Hookworms
Trichinella spiralis
Strongyloides stercoralis
Wuchereria bancrofti
Mazza Mora/Water sore or ground itch ,
Hookworms
Trichinella spiralis
Strongyloides stercoralis
Wuchereria bancrofti
Causes Cochin-China diarrhea
Trichinella spiralis
Wuchereria bancrofti
Brugia malayi
Strongyloides stercoralis
Larval migration of Strongyloides stercoralis
abdominal pain
Vomiting
Pneumonia
Allergic reaction
Propagated by black and brown rats
Wuchereria bancrofti
Strongyloides stercoralis
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Trichinella spiralis
Requires 2 host to complete its life cycle
Wuchereria bancrofti
Strongyloides stercoralis
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Trichinella spiralis
MOT - Ingestion of meat
Wuchereria bancrofti
Strongyloides stercoralis
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Trichinella spiralis
Vector: Aedes and Anopheles
Brugia malayi
Wuchereria bancrofti
Mansonella ozzardi
Dracunculus medinensis
Vector: Mansonia
Brugia malayi
Wuchereria bancrofti
Mansonella ozzardi
Dracunculus medinensis
Vector: Chrysops and Tabanid (mango fly)
Onchocerca volvulus
Brugia malayi
Loa loa
Dipetaloma perstans
Vector: Simulium (black fly)
Mansonella ozzardi
Onchocerca volvulus
Dipetaloma perstans
Dirofilaria immitis
Human infection: solitary, peripheral nodules in the lung (coin lesions), or as subcutaneous nodule
Dracunculus medinensis
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Dirofilaria immitis
Anisakis
Longest nematode of man
Dirofilaria immitis
Dracunculus medinensis
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Mansonella ozzardi
Barber’s pole appearance”
Dirofilaria immitis
Dracunculus medinensis
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Mansonella ozzardi
Causes Herring’s disease
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Mansonella ozzardi
Dracunculus medinensis
Anisakis
DH: Dolphins/whales
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Mansonella ozzardi
Fasciola hepatica
Anisakis
Mature when laid (embryonated) are the following
Schistosoma
Paragonimus
Echinostoma
Clonorchis
Fasciolopsis
Opistorchis
Heterophyes
Immature when laid (unembryonated) are the following:
Paragonimus
Heterophyes
Clonorchis
Echinostoma
Fasciolopsis
Fasciola
Opistorchis
Schistosoma
Causes sheep liver rot
Fasciola gigantica
Fasciola hepatica
Clonorchis sinensis
Echinostoma ilocanum
Leaf-like hermaphrodite
Fasciola gigantica
Fasciola hepatica
Echinostoma ilocanum
Clonorchis sinensis
Infects cattle in the Philippines
Fasciola hepatica
Echinostoma ilocanum
Fasciola gigantica
Clonorchis sinensis
Most important liver fluke of man
Opisthorcis felineus
Echinostoma ilocanu
Clonorchis sinensis
Fasciola gigantica
Old-fashioned electric light bulb
Opisthorcis felineus
Echinostoma ilocanu
Fasciola gigantica
Clonorchis sinensis
Largest fluke parasitizing man
Opisthorcis felineus
Fasciola gigantica
Fasciola hepatica
Fasciolopsis buski
Smallest but deadliest fluke of man
Heterophyes heterophyes
Paragonimus westermani
Fasciolopsis buski
Endolimax nana
Causes endemic hemoptysis
Schistosomes
Schistosoma japonicum
Heterophyes heterophyes
Paragonimus westermani
Resembles coffee bean shape
Schistosomes
Schistosoma japonicum
Heterophyes heterophyes
Paragonimus westermani
Most romantic parasite of man
Schistosoma japonicum
Schistosomes
Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma haematobium
. Circumoval precipitin test (COP) of Oliver and Gonzales
Schistosoma japonicum
Schistosoma haematobium
Schistosomes
Schistosoma mansoni
Causes Katayama’s disease
Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma japonicum
Schistosoma haematobium
Taenia saginata
Habitat: Superior mesenteric veins in the small intestines
Schistosoma japonicum
Schistosoma haematobium
Taenia saginata
Schistosoma mansoni
W/ small knob-like or recurved hook on one side
Taenia saginata
Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma japonicum
Schistosoma haematobium
Smallest of the blood flukes
Schistosoma haematobium
Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma japonicum
Taenia saginata
Vesical blood fluke causing bilharziasis or urinary schistosomiasis (hematuria)
Schistosoma haematobium
Diphyllobothrium latum
Taenia saginata
Schistosoma mansoni
Living worms: creamy white and yellowish
Adult: flat and ribbon-like (masking tape)
Adult: flat and ribbon-like (masking tape)
Trematodes
Cestodes
Nemtodes
Arthropods
Largest tapeworm of man
Taenia solium
Diphyllobothrium latum
Taenia saginata
Hymenolepis nana
15-20 lateral branches (dichotomous or tree-like)
Taenia solium
Taenia saginata
Hymenolepis nana
Hymenolepis diminuta
Scolex: None, no rostellar hooks
Taenia solium
Taenia saginata
Hymenolepis nana
Hymenolepis diminuta
7-13 lateral branches (dendritic or fingerlike)
Taenia saginata
Hymenolepis nana
Hymenolepis diminuta
Taenia solium
W/ rostellum armed w/ 2 rows of large and small hooklets
Taenia solium
Hymenolepis diminuta
Hymenolepis nana
Taenia saginata
Smallest tapeworm of man
Hymenolepis diminuta
Hymenolepis nana
Endolimax nana
Echinococcus granulosus
W/ rostellum armed w/ a ring of 20- 30 spines
Echinococcus granulosus
Hymenolepis diminuta
Dipylidium caninum
Hymenolepis nana
W/ oncosphere enclosed in an inner membrane w/ 2 polar thickenings, from each w/c arise 4-8 polar filaments
Echinococcus granulosus
Hymenolepis nana
Hymenolepis diminuta
Dipylidium caninum
W/ oncosphere enclosed in an inner membrane w/ 2 polar thickenings, but w/o filaments
Echinococcus granulosus
Hymenolepis diminuta
Hymenolepis nana
Dipylidium caninum
W/ double set of reproductive organs and genital pore on each side of the lateral margin
Dipylidium caninum
Hymenolepis nana
Echinococcus granulosus
Entamoeba histolytica
Melon seed/pumpkin seed/rice grain-shaped
Hymenolepis nana
Entamoeba histolytica
Echinococcus granulosus
Dipylidium caninum
Shortest tapeworm
Dipylidium caninum
Hymenolepis nana
Hymenolepis diminuta
Echinococcus granulosus
Motility: Unidirectional & progressive
Entamoeba coli
Hymenolepis diminuta
Entamoeba histolytica
Trichomonas tenax
Bull’s eye appearance
Hymenolepis diminuta
Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba coli
Leishmania tropic
Motility: several directions, sluggish
Entamoeba coli
Hymenolepis diminuta
Trichomonas vaginalis
Leishmania donovani
Many pseudopods (blunt & rounded)
Hymenolepis diminuta
Leishmania donovani
Trichomonas vaginalis
Entamoeba coli
Endoplasm: w/ bacteria, yeasts and cell detritus (dirty-looking)
Trichomonas vaginalis
Entamoeba coli
Leishmania donovani
Hymenolepis diminuta
Chromatoidal bars: coffin/rod/cigar/ sausage-shaped
Entamoeba coli
Entamoeba histolytica
Hymenolepis diminuta
Leishmania braziliensis
Chromatoidal bars: splinter-like/ witch-broom/whisked broom
Entamoeba histolytica
Leishmania braziliensis
Entamoeba coli
Hymenolepis diminuta
Large iodine-staining glycogen vacuole
Iodamoeba williamsi
Entamoeba gingivalis
Iodamoeba butschlii
Trichomonas hominis
Acquired while diving & swimming during hot weather in brackish/freshwater
Naegleria fowleri
Acanthamoeba
Iodamoeba williamsi
Plasmodium vivax
Causes keratitis (from contaminated contact lens care solution)
Acanthamoeba
Entamoeba gingivalis
Iodamoeba williamsi
Iodamoeba butschlii
Falling leaf motility
Chilomastix mesnili
Naegleria fowleri
Endolimax nana
Giardia lamblia
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