License exam - microbiology
Microbiology License Exam Quiz
Test your knowledge of microbiology with our comprehensive quiz! Designed to help you prepare for your license exam, this quiz covers essential topics in bacteriology and cell structure.
- Assess your understanding of bacterial morphology
- Learn about cell wall composition and fun
ction - Explore the roles of various bacterial components
1. Bacteria are microorganisms with the following type of structure
Acellular (subcellular)
Unicellular prokaryote
Pluricellular eukaryote
Unicellular eukaryote
3. The genetic material of the bacteria is represented by:
A single chromosome and DNA plasmids
A varying number of chromosomes depending on species
A single nucleic acid, DNA or RNA
2-4 chromosomes and extrachromosomal units (plasmids)
6. Spherical bacteria (cocci) can be found in groups:
Strepto (chains)
Diplo (joined in pairs)
Palisades
Clusters with Chinese letters appearance
7. Rod shape bacteria, after division can remain grouped:
Diplo (joined in pairs)
Chains of variable lengths (strepto)
Grape like clusters
Palisades
8. It is the result of the division of the cocci into parallel planes, with the persistence of the connections between the cells over several generations:
Diplococcus
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
None of the above
9. The enzymes that bacteria constantly synthesize, regardless of the substrate on which they multiply are:
Inductive enzymes
Adaptive enzymes
Constitutive enzymes
All of the above
10. Which of the bacterial cell components are present in absolutely all bacteria:
Cytoplasmic membrane
Cell wall
Capsule
Bacterial genome
11. Cilia (flagella) are organelles:
Present in all species of bacteria
Found only in some species of bacteria
With role in motility
With role in attachment
12. The cell wall represents a component of the bacterial cell:
Found in all species of bacteria
Found in the majority species of bacteria
Found in a small number of bacteria
Present only in mycoplasmas
13. Bacteria that lack a cell wall belong to the class:
Firmicutes
Gracilicutes
Mollicutes
None of the above
14. What structure gives resistance to the bacterial cell wall:
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Peptidoglycan (murein)
Lipoproteins
Bacterial lipid components
15. The lipopolysaccharide component (LPS) in the outer membrane of the cell wall in Gram-negative bacteria fulfils the role of:
Enzyme with role in metabolism
Antiphagocytic factor
Endotoxin
Adherence
16. In the presence of penicillin or lysozyme they turn into protoplasts:
Gram-positive bacteria
Gram-negative bacteria
Acid-fast bacteria
Bacteria that have a capsule
17. In the presence of penicillin or lysozyme they turn into spheroplasts:
Gram-positive bacteria
Gram-negative bacteria
Acid-fast bacteria
Bacteria that have a capsule
18. They have the capacity to resynthesize their cell wall:
Spheroplasts
Protoplasts
Both spheroplasts and protoplasts
None of the above
19. Which of the components of the bacterial cell ensures its shape?=
Capsule
Cell wall
Cytoplasmic membrane
Glycocalyx
20. The morpho-chemical structure of the cell wall in various groups of bacteria is responsible for:
the shape and grouping of bacterial cells
the thickness and degree of rigidity of the wall
different way of staining bacteria by Gram and Ziehl-Neelsen methods
resistance to harmful environmental factors
21. Which of the following bacterial cell components are not found in all bacteria:
Cytoplasmic membrane
Genome (nucleoid, chromosome)
Capsule
Cilia (flagella)
22. Which of the following organelles are found in the cytoplasm of the bacterial cell:
Golgi body
Mitochondria
Palade particles
Ribosomes
23. Which of the following organelles are absent in the cytoplasm of the bacterial cell:
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi body
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
24. Bacteria can be found in nature:
Only in the vegetative state (the bacterial cell itself)
Only in the form of spores
Both in vegetative state and in the form of spores
Only in the parasitic state present only in the host organism
25. The nucleus of the bacterial cell (nuclear genetic material, nucleoid) consists of:
2-4 chromosomes, single-stranded DNA, and is bounded by the membrane
A single chromosome, double-stranded DNA and is not separated by a nuclear membrane
RNA and polyglucides
A single chromosome, single stranded DNA and is not separated by a nuclear membrane
26. Plasmids are specific structures of the bacterial cell, which consist of:
Invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane
Adhesion organs
Small molecules of double-stranded DNA
Forms of bacterial resistance
27. The capsule protects bacteria against:
Phagocytosis (in pathogenic bacteria)
High temperatures
Desiccation (dryness)
Does not fulfill any protection role
29. The fimbriae have a role in:
Absorption of nutrients from culture media
Fixation of bacteria on the surface of epithelia and other solid substrates
Mobility
Resistance of bacteria
30. Cilia (flagella) have a role in:
Adhesion of the bacterial cell to various substrates
Mobility
Transfer of genetic material in the conjugation process
Multiplication of bacteria
31. The majority of bacteria multiply by:
Spores
Direct division (scissyparity)
Budding
Elementary bodies
32. The bacterial spore represents:
The multiplication process of most bacterial species
The form of preservation of bacteria in unfavorable environmental conditions
A biological form of bacteria in nature
A form of resistance found only in certain bacteria
33. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics induced by R-factor (plasmids) is of the type:
“One-steep”
“Multi-steep”
Not transmissible from one bacterial strain to another by conjugation
Transmissible by the conjugation phenomenon
34. R-factor (plasmids):
Are transmitted between bacterial strains of the same species and between related species
They are fixed, they cannot be lost from the bacterial cell
Can be removed spontaneously from the bacterial cell, which is why it is mandatory to inoculate pathological materials immediately after sampling
Cannot be transmitted by the conjugation phenomenon
35. In which of the multiplication phases, characterized by the total absence of cell division, the bacterial cells present atypical forms and low tinctorial affinity, causing the examinations performed for the purpose of identification to lead to errors:
The log phase (exponential)
The stationary phase
The death phase
The lag phase (adaptation)
36. The bacterial lawn results from:
Confluence of colonies in case of abundant inoculation
Invasion of the environment by mobile bacteria
Rapid multiplication of encapsulated bacteria
Rapid multiplication of fimbriate bacteria
37. Through germination, from a spore, results:
A single vegetative cell
A double number of vegetative bacterial cells
Two spores
Numerous vegetative bacterial cells
38. In the cytoplasm of bacterial cells there may be small fragments of DNA encoding antibiotic resistance, which are called:
Mesosomes
Plasmids
Ribosomes
Vacuoles
39. The multiplication of bacteria in liquid culture media goes through the following phases:
Lag phase (adaptation)
Log phase (exponential)
Stationary phase
Death phase
40. They are able to multiply at low temperatures, close to zero degrees Celsius:
Cryophilic bacteria
Psychrophilic bacteria
Halophilic bacteria
Thermophilic bacteria
41. The bactericidal effect of the high temperatures used in sterilization is mainly due to:
Dehydration of bacterial cells
Denaturation of cellular proteins
Destruction of the cell wall
Distortion of the bacterial genome
42. Bacteria capable of multiplying at temperatures between 800 C-1050 C are called:
Mesophilic bacteria
Hyperthermophilic bacteria
Osmophilic bacteria
Psychrophilic bacteria
43. In terms of temperature, most pathogenic bacteria are:
Psychrophilic
Cryophilic
Mesophilic
Thermophilic
44. Bacterial spores are destroyed at the temperature of:
60 800 C dry heat
100-120 0 C moist heat
140-180 0 C dry heat
80-100 0 C dry heat
45. The native (resident) microbiota of the healthy animal organism populates:
The skin
Digestive tract
Parenchymal organs (liver, spleen, kidneys)
Lower genitourinary tract
46. The relationship between the rumen microbiota and the host animal is of the following type:
Symbiotic
Commensal
Antagonistic (conflictual)
Indifferent
47. Free coagulase confers pathogenicity to staphylococci by:
inhibition of phagocytosis
lysis of the fibrin barrier around focal inflammatory areas
destruction of red blood cells
toxicity
48. Antiphagocytic factors that inhibit phagocyte digestion are:
bacterial capsule, staphylococci free coagulase
Trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate
"cord-factor" in bacteria of the genus Mycobacterium
collagenase
49. Bacterial toxins responsible for digestive disorders encountered in food poisoning are:
collagenase
hemolysins
enterotoxins
leukocidins
51. Bacterial hyaluronidases and fibrinolysins are responsible for:
inhibition of phagocytosis
diffusion of bacteria into surrounding tissues
implicationin food poisoning
necrotic effect on tissues
52. Synthesizes carotenoid pigments (white → orange), non-diffusible in the culture media:
Streptococci
Staphylococci
e.coli
Mycobacteria
55. Staphylococci have the following characteristics:
form small, transparent, unpigmented colonies on solid media
form pigmented colonies, with white or different shades of yellow pigment
in smears they appear grouped in clusters (grape-like)
in smears they appear grouped in chains
56. The etiological agent of sheep gangrenous mastitis (Blue Bag) is:
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus agalactiae
Clostridium perfringens
Mycobacterium bovis
57. The main pathogenicity of Bacillus anthracis is:
the spore, due to thermal resistance
The capsule, which prevents phagocytosis (antiphagocytic role)
Cilia, due to mobility
coagulase
58. The diagnosis of anthrax in live animals is made by:
Heated Ascoli reaction
abundant blood cultures
coprocultures
Cooled Ascoli reaction
59. Bacillus anthracis has the following cultural characteristics:
in liquid medium abundant flaky deposit, discrete or absent turbidity
on nutrient agar large smooth and glossy S-type colonies
on nutrient agar large opaque colonies, unpigmented type R (rough)
in broth accentuated turbidity and lack of deposit
60. From a morphological point of view, Bacillus anthracisis:
a Gram-negative cocobacillus, frequently stained bipolar, not encapsulated
A Gram-positive rod, large, with severed ends, grouped in chains, encapsulated
a large Gram-positive rod, with the severed ends, grouped in chains, not encapsulated
a large Gram-positive rod with rounded ends, grouped in chains, encapsulated
62. Species of the genus Clostridium pathogenic by toxicity and virulence are:
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium chauvei
61. For the isolation of bacteria of the genus Clostridium, the pathological materials are inoculated on what type of media:
hyperchlorinated
anaerobic
glycerinate, 2%
aerobic
63. The only encapsulated and unciliated species of the genus Clostridium are:
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium septicum
64. The toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens is identified by:
Ascoli reaction
seroneutralization in mice
inoculation loop test
coagulase test
65. The spore in Cl. Tetani is:
centrally located and does not deform the vegetative form
terminally placed and does not deform the vegetative form
terminally placed and deforms the vegetative form (matchstick appearance)
centrally located and deforms the vegetative form
66. Escherichia coli has the following morphological characteristics:
Gram-negative cocobacillus, frequently stained bipolar, ciliated, fimbriate, non-sporulated
Gram-negative cocobacillus, bipolar stained, unciliated, fimbriate, non-sporulated
Gram-negative cocobacillus, bipolar stained, ciliated, non-fimbriate, non-sporulated
Gram-positive cocobacillus, frequently bipolar stained, ciliated, fimbriate, non-sporulated
67. Escherichia coli has the following dyeing and biochemical characteristics:
Gram negative, glucose (+), lactose, sucrose (+), indole (+), hydrogen sulfide (-), urease (-),
Gram negative, glucose (-), lactose, sucrose (-) indole (+), hydrogen sulfide (-), urease (+),
Gram positive, lactose (+), indole (-), hydrogen sulfide (+), urease (-)
Gram positive, lactose, sucrose (+), glucose (+), indole (+), hydrogen sulfide (-), urease (-),
68. The mobility of leptospires is given by:
external cilia
Periplasmic endoflagella
Internal cilia
pili
69. The examination of leptospires is usually carried out on:
Gram-stained smears
A smear slide with cover slip, dark field microscopy (with cardioid condenser)
colored smears by the Giemsa method
A smear slide with cover slip under an optical microscope with normal condenser
70. Leptospires are grown on:
usual media (broth, nutritient agar)
Korthof medium
Uhlenuth medium
on ovalbumin supplemented media
71. Which of the following bacterial forms are considered to be the main forms:
The coccus
The bacillus (rod)
The vibrion
The spirochaete
72. Species of the genus Clostridium pathogenic exclusively by toxicity are:
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium chauvei
73. Differentiation of Staphlycoccus aureus from other Staphylococcus species is achieved by:
mannitol fermentation
hemolysis test
coagulase test
catalase test
74. In smears made from pathological materials and cultures, the following bacteria are grouped into chains:
Streptococcus spp.
Staphylococcus aureus
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus cereus
75. Species from the family Bacillaceae:
are sporulated bacteria;
are Gram negative
all are encapsulated
are Gram positive
76. Which of the following pathogens causes abortion in cattle and sheep:
Campylobacter coli
Campylobacter sputorum
Campylobacter fetus subsp.fetus
Campylobacter jejuni
77. It gives off a pleasant smell of linden flowers due to a volatile substance called minoacetophenone and a blue-green pigment (diffuses in culture media) called fluorescein:
Staphylococcus aureus
Brucella spp.
Pasteurella multocida
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
78. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has the following cultural characteristics on solid media:
large pigmented colonies in yellowish white of carotenoid origin, not diffusible in the media
round colonies, pigmented in bluish green, diffusible in the media
gives off a pleasant odor due to aminoacetophenone
gives off a putrid odor due to the production of hydrogen sulfide
79. Bacteria from the genus Brucella show an increased tropism to:
the digestive tract
the respiratory system
the genital tract
the nervous system
81. Which of the following bacteria form “R” type colonies in primary cultures:
Staphylococcus spp.
Streptococcus spp.
Bacillus anthracis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
82. Bacteria from the genus Mycobacterium:
Cand be stained by the Ziehl-Neelsen method due to the lipids in the cell wall
Requires an incubation period of 24-48 hours
Requires an incubation period of 15-70 days
is stained by the Giemsa method
83. The species with the widest spectrum of pathogenicity from the genus Mycobaterium is:
M. bovis
M. tuberculosis
M. avium
M leprae
84. The pathogenicity factor in tuberculosis bacilli is represented by:
the presence of the capsule,
Trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate
the presence of fimbriae
the “cord” factor.
86. Mycobacteria are grown on special ovalbumin-containing media such as:
Lowenstein
Levin
Petragnani
Chapman
87. Form “S” type colonies in primary cultures:
Staphylococcus spp.
Streptococcus spp.
Bacillus spp.
Escherichia coli
88. Salmonella pluripathogenic serotypes, with a broad spectrum of pathogenicity, are:
S. Abortus ovis
S. typhi
.S.enteritidis
S. typhymurium
89. The Enterobacteriaceae family groups bacteria whose natural ecological niche is:
the soil
skin and mucous membranes
digestive tract (large intestine)
respiratory mucosa
90. Salmonella immobile serotypes are:
S. Abortus equi
S. Abortus ovis
S. Gallinarum pullorum
S. enteridis
91.Which of the following tests are used to determine the pathogenicity of staphylococci:
Catalase test
Hemolysis test
Citrated rabbit plasma coagulation test
Oxidase test
92. The following tests are used to differentiate staphylococci from other Gram-positive cocci:
oxidase test
catalase test
coagulase test
hemolysis test
93. The etiological agent of avian cholera and haemorrhagic sepsis in cattle is:
Streptococcus zooepidemicus
Listeria monocytogenes
Pasteurella multocida
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
94. In smears from pathological materials, is stained bipolar with methylene blue:
Staphylococcus aureus
Pasteurella multocida
Mycobacterium spp.
Escherichia coli
95. Among the bacteria studied, the following may be transmitted through dirty (contaminated) water and the following is examined onslide with slide cover preparations in the dark field:
streptococci
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Brucella spp.
leptospires
96. The conduct of the bacteriological diagnosis in colibacillosis goes through the following stages:
Isolation of the strain from the pathological material
Identification of the isolated strain
Demonstration of the pathogenicity of the isolated strain
Classification of the strain into serogroups and serotypes
97. Which of the bacteria studied is considered the most mobile bacterium:
E coli
Salmonella spp.
Proteus spp.
Pasteurella multocida
98. Which of the following statements is true regarding the family Enterobacteriaceae:
The ecological niche is the digestive tract (large intestine);
It has an accentuated polymorphism, but the cocobacillary forms predominates
Ferments glucose, often with gas production
They are Gram negative, non-spore forming
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