Exam 1
Cholesterol and Lipid Management Quiz
Test your knowledge on cholesterol, lipoproteins, and lipid management with this comprehensive quiz! Whether you're a student, healthcare professional, or simply interested in learning more about the role of cholesterol in health, this quiz covers a wide range of topics.
Key Topics Covered:
- Core lipids of various lipoproteins
- Roles and fun
ctions of HDL, LDL, and VLDL - Medications for hyperlipidemia
- Mechanisms of action for lipid-lowering agents
Cholesterol is used to make which of the following?
Steroids
Bile acids
Steroid hormones
All the above
Cholesterol is the major dietary fat. True/False
True
False
Before going through the blood stream fats are taken to the liver. true/false
True
False
What are the core lipids of chylomicrons?
Dietary triglycerides and cholesteryl esters (10:1)
Dietary triglycerides and cholesteryl esters (5:1)
Endogenous triglycerides and cholesteryl esters (10:1)
Endogenous triglycerides and cholesteryl esters (5:1)
Cholesteryl esters
What are the core lipids of VLDL?
dietary triglycerides and cholesteryl esters (10:1)
Dietary triglycerides and cholesteryl esters (5:1)
Endogenous triglycerides and cholesteryl esters (10:1)
Endogenous triglycerides and cholesteryl esters (5:1)
Cholesteryl esters
What are the core lipids of LDL?
dietary triglycerides and cholesteryl esters (10:1)
Dietary triglycerides and cholesteryl esters (5:1)
Endogenous triglycerides and cholesteryl esters (10:1)
Endogenous triglycerides and cholesteryl esters (5:1)
Cholesteryl esters
What are the core lipids of HDL
dietary triglycerides and cholesteryl esters (10:1)
Dietary triglycerides and cholesteryl esters (5:1)
Endogenous triglycerides and cholesteryl esters (10:1)
Endogenous triglycerides and cholesteryl esters (5:1)
Cholesteryl esters
How are cylomicrons made?
Bile acid, TG, and proteins formed together in liver
Emulsified lipids by acid combined with proteins
HDL taking cholesterol and TG from adipose tissue
The remains of LDL after losing all of the cholesterol on it
What part of the liver cell is VLDL formed in?
Cytoplasm
Lysosomes
Golgi bodies
Rough ER
What is one of the main roles of VLDL?
Transport TG to adipose tissue
Transport TG to peripheral tissue
Transport cholesterol to adipose tissue
Transport cholesterol to peripheral tissue
What is one of the main roles of LDL?
transport TG to adipose tissue
Transport TG to peripheral tissue
Transport cholesterol to adipose tissue
Transport cholesterol to peripheral tissue
HDL acquires _____ from _____ to return to the liver
TG, adipose tissue
TG, peripheral tissue
Cholesterol, adipose tissue
Cholesterol, peripheral tissue
What does HDL take from VLDL?
TG
Cholesterol
Apolipoproteins C & E
Apolioproteins B100
Atherosclerotic plaque is formed from which molecule?
Cylomicrons
VLDL
LDL
HDL
Familial hypercholesterolemia is a type of dyslipemia that can cause which of the following?
An increase in the production of LDL
An increased hepatic TG synthesis
A decrease in affinity of LDL to LDL receptors
An increase in absorption of cholesterol
Combined hyperlipidemia is characterized by?
Incr. HDL and incr. VLDL
Incr. LDL and incr. VLDL
Incr. HDL and incr. LDL
Incr. HDL and incr. VLDL
Which of the following does not cause a decr. in HDL?
ATP binding cassette protein A1 defect
ApoA1 deficiency
Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein deficiency
Which of the following HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors can be taken at any time? (select all that apply)
Atorvastain
Pravastatin
Fluvastatin
Rosuvastatin
Lovastatin
Simvastatin
Which of the following HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors must be taken with food? (select all that apply)
Atorvastatin
Pravastatin
Fluvastatin
Rosuvastatin
Lovastatin
Simvastatin
Which of the following HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors can cause sleep problems? (select all that apply)
Atorvastatin
Pravastatin
Fluvastatin
Rosuvastatin
Lovastatin
Simvastatin
Which of the following bile acid resins can be taken with most other medications?
Cholestyramine
Colestipol
Colesevelam
What should you tell patients who take bile acid resins?
Avoid taking them with food
They shouldn't be on another hyperlipidemia while on them
They should take 2 hours before or after other medications
They can cause vasodilation and flushing
Which of the following is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor?
Ezetimibe
Nicotinic acid
Gemfibrozil
Alirocumab
Ezetimibe have no effect on the absorption of which of the following?
Bile acid
TG
Fat-soluble vitamins
All the above
Which of the following is not an adverse effect of cholesterol absorption inhibitors?
Constipation
Diarrhea
Headache
Angioedema
Which of the following is the MOA for fibric acid derivatives?
Prevent LDL receptor degradation
Activate a gene transcription factor, PPAR-alpha
Block cholesterol production
Reduce lipolysis and FFA mobilization from adipocytes to liver
PCSK9 inhibitors prevent the degradation of cholesterol receptors. True/False
True
False
PCSK9 inhibitors are different from other hyperlidiemia drugs because?
They are in inhaler form
They can be taken any time of the day
They directly lower HDL
They are injections
Nicotinic acid causes a decr. In cAMP. True/False
True
False
Which patient groups should avoid nicotinic acids?
Pts with hepatic disorders
Pts with peptic ulcers
Pts with diabetes mellitus
A and B
A and C
All the above
At any one time, most of the blood in the body is in what?
Artries
Veins
Capillaries
Lungs/heart
Arteries have internal elastic membranes in their tunica externa while veins do not. True/False
True
False
Vasa vasorum are tiny blood vessels inside the tunica externa of blood vessels. true/false
True
False
All veins have valves in them. true/false
True
False
Which type of capillary has an incomplete basement membrane?
Continous
Fenestrated
Sinusoid
None of them
Which of the following is not a risk factor for Atherosclerosis?
Hyperlipidemia
Cigarette smoking
Diabetes
Excessive alcohol use
Hypertension
What happens to Lipoprotein particles, and especialy LDL as it enters the arterial wall?
It gets oxidized
It gets hydrolyzed
It gets metabolized
None of the above
____ cells eat LDL attached to the vessel wall and become ____
Macrophages, cholesterol cells
Macrophages, foam cells
Neutrophils, cholesterol cells
Neutrophils, foam cells
What happens to the cells that eat the LDL?
They remain in place and multiple
They undergo apoptosis, but LDL remains
They break off and grow elsewhere
They eat passing by LDL growing bigger
Which of the following would not be classified as chronic coronary artery disease
ST depressed
ST elevated
ST elevation myocardial infarction
Normal
Which of the following would not be classified as acute coronary syndrome?
Unstable angina
ST elevated
ST elevation myocardial infarction
Non-ST elevation myocardial infarcation
Which of the following is not a symptom of a stable angina?
Pain in arms and shoulders
Being energetic and running a fever
Pressure and burning in the chest
SOB and nausea
The treatment goal for a stable angina event is to restore myocardial oxygen supply. true/false
True
False
Which of the following does not decrease O2 demand?
Beta adrenergic antagonists
Some Ca2+ entry blockers
Vasodilators
Organic nitrates
Which of the following does not increase O2 supply?
Vasodilators
Statin drugs
Anti-thrombotic
Ca2+ entry blockers
Which of the following drug classes is not an antianginal?
Vasodilators
Cholesterol absorption inhibitors
CCB
Fatty acid oxidation inhibitors
Organic nitrites cause vasodilation by decreasing cGMP in smooth muslce cells. True/False
True
False
Antianginal drugs either incr. O2 supply, decr. O2 demand, or both. true/false
True
False
Which of the following is not an adverse effect of organic nitrites?
Reflex bradycardia
Headache
Hypotension
Dizziness
What do CCB do to the heart?
Increase rate of SA node and increase blood flow to body
Depress rate of SA node and slow AV conduction
Depress rate of SA node and strength contraction
CCB do not affect the heart
_____ and _____ can cause AV block and/or severe depression of ventricular function
Verapamil, a beta-blocker
Nifedipine, a beta-blocker
Diltiazem, a beta-blocker
Any 2 CCBs
Which of the following is a fatty acid oxidation inhibitor?
Amyl nitrite
Ranolazine
Isosoribide dinitrate
Verapamil
Which of the following is the MOA for fatty acid oxidation inhibitors?
Blocking Na+ dependent Ca2+ channels
Inhibiting late Na+ current into cardiac myocytes
Inhibiting fatty acid oxidation
A and B
A and C
B and C
All the above
Which type of drugs do fatty acid oxidation inhibitors interact with?
CYP2E1
CYP450
CYP3A
CYP3D6
Primary hemostasis is platelet plug formation. true/false
True
False
Which of the following is the definition of hemorrhage?
The loss of blood from the circulatory system
The formation of a clot or thrombus inside a blood Vessel or in a chamber of the heart, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system
Thrombus is dislodged from the vessel wall and travels through the circulation and occludes a smaller vessel in other parts of the body
Which of the following is the definition of thrombosis
The loss of blood from the circulatory system
The formation of a clot or thrombus inside a blood Vessel or in a chamber of the heart, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system
Thrombus is dislodged from the vessel wall and travels through the circulation and occludes a smaller vessel in other parts of the body
Which of the following is the definition of embolism
The loss of blood from the circulatory system
The formation of a clot or thrombus inside a blood Vessel or in a chamber of the heart, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system
Thrombus is dislodged from the vessel wall and travels through the circulation and occludes a smaller vessel in other parts of the body
Which of the following is not true about platelets?
They are discoid (disc-shaped)
They are dense granules
They are anuclear
They contain DNA
Platelets are stimulated by which protein?
Thrombin
Albumin
Collagen
A and B
B and C
A and C
Platelets bind to fibrinogen through which receptor
GPIIb-IIIa
GPIIIb-IIa
PLA2
TxA2
Platelet inhibition involves an incr. In cAMP/cGMP. true/false
True
False
Aspirin prevents the synthesis of which of the following
ADP
TXA2
5-HT
All the above
Which of the following binds to GPIIb-IIIa
Aspirin
Clopidogrel
Abciximab
None of the above
Dipyridamole increases intracellular concentration of cAMP by inhibiting PDE3. true/false
True
False
Who should not use vorapaxar?
Pts who have had a heart attack
Pts who are diabetic
Pts who have had a stroke
Pts who have hypertension
Which of the following does not belong with the others
Ticagrelor
Ticlopidine
Prasugrel
Clopidogrel
Which of the following is a competitive reversible inhibitor of fibrinogen binding to GPIIb-IIIa
Tirofiban
Eptifbatide
Abciximab
A and B
All the above
What is the primary use of tirofiban?
In pts with chronic coronary syndromes
In pts with acute coronary syndromes
In pts with a history of heart attacks
In pts with uncontrolled hyperlipidemia
Which clotting factors does warfarin prevent from carboxylating?
1,2,3,4
3,7,9,19
2,7,8,10
2,7,9,10
2,7,9,12
HOW SHOULD I KNOW?
Which of the following anticoagulant drugs is different from the others?
Rivaroxaban
Dabigatran
Edoxaban
Apixaban
Rivaroxaban interrupts which pathway of the blood coagulation cascade?
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Neither
Both
Dabigatran is a direct thrombin inhibitor. true/false
True
False
Which of the following is true?
Idarucizumab is an antibody for dabigatran
Andexxa is an antibody for dabigatran
How do heparin and related drugs work?
They inactivate clotting factors by activating antithrombin III
They activate clothing factor by activating antithrombin III
They are direct thrombin inhibitors
They are direct factor Xa inhibitors
All of the following are fibrinolytic drugs expect?
Streptokinase
Alteplase
Protamine
Retaplase
Fibrinolytic drugs convert plasmin to plasminogen, which then degrades fibrin to fibrinogen. true/false
True
False
What makes streptokinase different from other fibrinolytic drugs?
Its a prodrug that must be taken with food
It must be combined with plasminogen to form an activator complex
It can not be taken with other medications and must be separated by at least 2 hours
There is no difference
What are aminocaproic acid and tranexemic acid used for?
Used to treat bleeding
Used to prevent clotting
Used to repair blood vessels
Used to stimulate blood cell production
Is this quiz useful?
Yes
Totallly
Absolutely
Without a doubt
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