Words

_________To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented. When a multiple choice question asks for an interference to be drawn from a passage, the most direct, most reasonable inference is the safest answer choice. If an inference is implausible, it;s unlikely to be the correct answer. Note that if the answer choice is directly stated, it is not inferred and is wrong. As we have seen in the multiple-choice selections that we have been trying, you must be careful to note the connotation--negative or positive--of the choices.

_____An emotional violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.

______The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant. The difference between what appears to be and what actually is true. I general, there are three major types of_____ used in language; (1) In verbal _____, words literally state the opposite of the writer's (or speaker's) true meaning. (2) In situational _____, events turn out the opposite of what was expected. What the events are unknown to a character and readers think ought to happen is not what happen. (3) In dramatic _____, facts or other characters work. _____ is used for many reasons, but frequently, it's used to create poignancy of humor.

_____A type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses. If a period were placed at the end of the independent clause, the clause would be a complete sentence. A work containing many _______ often seems informal, relaxed, and conversational. Generally, _______ create loose style.

______ A figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity. __________ language makes writing more vivid, imaginative, thought-provoking, and meaningful.

____A term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name," _____ is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. A news release that claims "the White House declared" rather that "the President declared" is using _____. The substituted term generally carries a more potent emotional impact.

_____This term has two distinct technical meanings in English writing. The first meaning is grammatical and deals with verbal units and a speaker's attitude. The indicative____ is used only for actual sentences. For example, "Joe eats too quickly." The subjunctive ____ is used to express conditions contrary to fact. For example, "If I were you, I'd get another job." The imperative ____ is used for commands. For example, "Shut the door!" The second meaning of ____ is literary, meaning the prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work. Setting, tone, and events can affect the ____. In this usage, _____is similar to tone and atmosphere.

________The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events.

______A figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. Simple examples include such words as buzz, hiss, hum, crack, whinny, and murmur. If you note examples of________ in an essay passage, note the effect

______From the Greek for "pointedly foolish," an _______ is a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox. Simple examples include "jumbo shrimp" and "cruel kindness." This term does not usually appear in the multiple-choice questions, but there is a chance that you might find it in an essay. Take note of the effect which the author achieves with this term.

______A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity.

_______Also referred to as______construction or ______structure, this term comes from Greek roots meaning "beside one another." It refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity. This can involve, but is not limited to, repetition of a grammatical element such as a preposition or verbal phrase. A famous example of _______ begins Charles Dickens's novel A Tale of Two Cities: "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity . . . ." The effects of _______ are numerous, but frequently they act as an organizing force to attract the reader's attention, add emphasis and organization, or simply provide a musical rhythm