Random questions for cycle 3 PP

A medical professional examining a patient with charts of metabolic disorders like diabetes and hyperlipidemia in the background, colorful and informative design

Understanding Metabolic Disorders Quiz

Test your knowledge on metabolic disorders such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and phenylketonuria with our comprehensive quiz. This quiz is designed for students and healthcare professionals to enhance their understanding of these critical health topics.

Key Features:

  • 35 challenging questions
  • Multiple-choice format
  • Covering a variety of subtopics within metabolic disorders
35 Questions9 MinutesCreated by LearningDoc234
Secondary Hyperlipidemia:
Diabetes
Obesity
Cholestasis
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Tyrosinemia type 1:
Defect in tyrosine aminotransferase
Ulcers on palms and soles
C
liver and kidney damage
Familial Hypercholesterolemia:
Mutation in ApoB receptor
LDL >200
Tendon xanthomas
Autosomal recessive
What are the symptoms of phenylketonuria :
Enamel hypoplasia
Increased production of melanin
Psychomotor retardation
Flower like urine
That are the normal values of lipid profile:
TG level <180 mg/dL
Cholesterol level <200 mg/dl
LDL fraction <150 mg/dl
HDL fraction >35 mg/dl
What are the components of metabolic syndrome?
Acute pancreatitis
Increased homocysteine concentration
Congestive heart failure
Hypertension
Waist circumference of females above 80 cm
Blood pressure equal or above 130/80 mmHg
What are the characteristics of hyperlipoproteinemia?
Visceral steatosis
Chylomicronemia is characterized with increased tendency to induce pancreatitis
Lipemia retinalis
High blood pressure
A. Pancreatitis induces chylomicronemia
Oral contraceptives
How will you interpret the result of glucose tests for diabetes mellitus diagnosis?:
If fasting is 115 mg/dL performed OGTT is 180 mg/dl, these results indicate DM
If fasting glucose is 122 mg/dl and performed OGTT is 130 mg/dl these results indicate impaired fasting glucose
If fasting glucose in the first measurement is 130 mg/dl and the second measurement is 120 mg/dl these results indicate DM
If casual glucose is 230 mg/dl the result indicates DM
Who belongs to the group of increased risk of DM development and need to be tested with OGTT?
People with cardiovascular disease
People with BMI higher than 25 kg/m2
Women who have given birth to a child with weight >4 kg
People with mental disorders
Metabolic syndrome
LDL >200 mg
Central obesity
BP >150/100
Glycemia >100 mg
Choose the correct statement phenylketonuria
PKU develops due to inability to convert phenylalanine to tryptophan
Untreated infants with PKU exhibit mental retardation
Children with PKU are characterized by the very dark colour of hair and skin
Mothers can incidentally detect PKU of their children du to specific mousy odor of the urine and the sweat of their children
Inadequate diet could lead to:
Iron deficiency anemia
Dyslipidemia
Kwashiorkor
Cystic fibrosis
The primary hyperlipoproteinemias with the strongest atherogenicity are
Type III hyperlipoproteinemias
Type IIa
Type IIa
Type I
Risk factor of atherosclerosis are all except
Hyperlipidemia
DM2
Hypertension
Increased cholesterol HDL
Obesity
Which of the diseases include hyperinsulinemia
Insulin dependen DM
Kwashiorkor
Marasmus
Non-insulin dependent DM
Phenylketonuria
Is an aminoacidopathy
Cause mental retardation and brain damage
Guthrie test
Hyperpigmentation
Leptin-dependent human primary obesity arises from:
Oreksin up-regulation-
GLUT-2 down-regulation
CRH release inhibition
Lipoprotein lipase activation
What triggers are potentially linked to type 1 Diabetes Mellitus etiopathogenesis?
Exposure to enteroviruses and other viral pathogens
Biological substances that induce disseminated intravascular coagulation in pregnancy
Food preservatives with nitrogen
Severe bleeding into gut that occurs in infancy
Who belongs to the group of increased risk of DM development and need to be tested with OGTT?
Women with Klebsiella Infection and Urinary Tract Infection
People with cardiovascular diseases
People with TG > 250 mg/dL in their blood
People with stomach aches
Late complications of Diabetes Mellitus typically may disturb the function of:
Kidneys
Endothelial cells in large blood vessels
Liver
Small blood vessels
What are the nutritional causes of the secondary hyperlipoproteinemia?
High-fat diet
Gluten-free diet
Alcohol consumption
Excessive intake of carbohydrates
Mechanism of Insulin Secretion – indicate incorrect statements:
Depolarization of membrane causes influx of Ca+2 into cell for movement of vesicles with insulin
Glucose enters glycolysis and Krebs’ cycle (citric acid cycle) to produce more ATP in the cell cytoplasm
ATP generation inhibits K+ gated channel receptor and less K+ leaves beta cell
Glut-1: transports glucose into beta cell
What does insulin resistance stimulate
It stimulates the release of insulin, which can cause hyperinsulinemia
It stimulates the release of glucagon, which can cause hyperglycemia
It stimulates the uptake of glucose, which can cause hypoglycemia
It stimulates the release of glucose, which can cause hyperglycemia
What causes the increased plasma concentration of triglycerides
Hipocampus impairment
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity
High carbohydrate diet
Alcohol and high-calorie foods
In asthma:
The first phases of the disease are characterized by temporary exacerbations causing bronchial obstruction
It is equally important to administer bronchodilatating as anti-inflammatory medication
COPD-like pathology develops in the late stages of the disease
Bronchial remodeling causes fully reversible deterioration of the air flow in the bronchi
Acute life threatening complications of Diabetes Mellitus are
Hyperosmolar coma
Consumptive coagulopathy
Ketoacidosis
Obstructive respiratory syndrome
Biological actions of Insulin – indicate its correct biological action:
In adipose tissue decreases protein synthesis
In muscles decreases its long-term effects such as mitogenesis
In the liver decreases lipogenesis
In the liver stimulates glycogen synthesis
What does central obesity significantly lead to
The inflammatory phase of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU)
Postural hypotension
Hyperinsulinaemia
Adrenalin release
What are genetic risks that may induce the type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Not HLA encoding genes
Genetic risk increases if a parent or sibling has type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Multiple genes involved in insulin resistance
Retinoblastoma-related genes
The risk of development of disseminated pneumonia in the course of covid-19 is growing:
Due to high dose of infecting virus
Upon vaccination against covid-19
When the immune system cannot develop the specific immune response quickly enough
In patients with underlying cardiovascular diseases
Gas exchange in the lungs:
Provides organism with oxygen which is crucial for energy production in the tissues
Is driven by the partial pressures of oxygen and nitrogen
Is part of the most effective mechanisms of utilization of hydrogen ions
Is much more effective per square meter in the lungs than in the skin
Classical symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus are:
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Weight loss
Skin itching and redness
What are the symptoms of Phenyloketonuria?
Increased thirst
Weight loss even with increased appetite
Mouse-like urine odor
Blurred vision
Indicate these states that are not metabolic syndrome components:
Chronic diarrhea
Hyperuricemia
Growth retardation issues
Nephrolithiasis
Life-threatening pathologies in the airways include:
Severe asthma attack
Epiglotitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B infection in children
Disseminated interstitial pneumonia in the course of viral infection
Pneumothorax as a result of chest injury
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