Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion

Today's evolutionary psychology shares an idea that was an underlying assumption of instinct theory. That idea is that...
Physiological needs arouse psychological states.
Genes predispose species-typical behavior.
Physiological needs increase arousal.
External needs energize and direct behavior.
An example of a physiological need is ______. An example of a psychological drive is _____.
Hunger; a "push" to find food
A "push" to find food; hunger
Curiosity; a "push" to reduce arousal
A "push" to reduce arousal; curiosity
Jan walks into a friend's kitchen, smells bread baking and begins to feel very hungry. The smell of baking bread is a(n)..
Incentive
Drive
_______ theory attempts to explain behaviors that do NOT reduce physiological needs.
Valence
Arousal
With a challenging task, such as taking a difficult exam, performance is likely to peak when arousal is..
Very high
Moderate
Very low
Absent
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, our most basic needs are physiological, including the need for food and water; just above these are _____ needs.
Self-transcendence
Self-esteem
Belongingness
Safety
Journalist Dorothy Dix once remarked, "Nobody wants to kiss when they are hungry." Which motivation theory best supports her statement?
Drive-Reduction Theory
Arousal Theory
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Valence Theory
According to the concept of set point, our body maintains itself at a particular weight level. This "weight thermostat" is an example of...
Metabolism
Homeostasis
Which of the following is a genetically predisposed response to food?
An aversion to eating cats and dogs.
An interest in novel foods.
A preference for sweet and salty foods.
An aversion of carbohydrates.
The blood sugar ___ provides the body with energy. When it is ____ (low/high), we feel hungry.
Glucose; high
Glucose; low
Ghrelin; high
Ghrelin; low
The rate at which your body expands energy while at rest is referred to as the _______ ________ rate.
Basal metabolic
Weight thermostat
Obese people find it very difficult to lose weight permanetly. This is due to several factors, including the fact that...
Dieting triggers neophobia (fear of new things)
The set point of obese people is lower than average
With dieting, metabolism increases
There is a genetic influence on body weight
Sanjay recently adopted the typical college diet high in fat and sugar. He knows he may gain weight, but he figures it's no big deal because he can lose the extra pounds in the future. How would you evaluate Sanjay's plan?
Sanjay's plan will work as long as he plans how he will lose weight in the future by making a work out plan and diet criteria.
Sanjay's plan is a problem because after he gains all the weight, the extra fat will require less energy to maintain than it did to gain in the first place.
Sanjay's plan is a problem because he will have a hard time getting rid of the weight because his basal metabolic rate will have been slowed down in an effort to retain his body weight.
B and C
Which of the following is NOT part of the evidence presented to support the view that humans are strongly motivated by a need to belong?
Students who rated themselves as very happy also tended to have satisfying close relationships.
Social exclusion - such as exile or solitary confinement - is considered a severe form of punishment.
As adults, adopted children tend to resemble their biological parents and to yearn for an affiliation with them.
Children who are extremely neglected become withdrawn, frightened and speechless.
A and B
What are some ways to manage our social networking time successfully?
Don't manage the time, it has no harm on our lives.
Make time away from technology, create a time span for technology.
Throw it out the window.
The ______ _______ Theory of emotion maintains that a physiological response happens BEFORE we know what we are feeling.
Drive Reduction
Cannon Bard
Schachter Singer (Two Factor)
Zajonc LeDoux
James Lange
Lazarus
Assume that after spending an hour on a treadmill, you receive a letter saying that your scholarship request has been approved. The two factory theory of emotion would predict that your physical arousal will..
Weaken your happiness.
Intensify your happiness.
Transofrm your happiness into relief.
Have no particular effect on your happiness.
Zajonc and LeDoux maintain that some emotional reactions occur before we have had the chance to label or interpret them. Lazarus disagreed. These psychologists differ about whether emotional responses occur in the absense of...
Physical arousal
Hormone epinephrine
Cognitive processing
Learning
What does a polygraph measure?
Measures how much a certain emotion is felt during a certain event.
Measures physiological changes (ex. Heart rate) that are associated with emotion.
Measures how many different emotions you feel in a certain amount of time
When people are induced to assume fearful expressions, they often report feeling a little fear. This result is known as the _____ ______ effect.
Mind priming
Facial feedback
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