Lab cycle 4 - 2023
The most important secondary causes of dyslipidaemia in developed countries are:
Intake of saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, diabetes mellitus
Intake of alcohol, trans fats, cholesterol, a sedentary lifestyle
Intake of saturated fat, trans fats, chronic kidney disease and sedentary lifestyle
Intake of saturated far, trans fat, cholesterol, a sedentary lifestyle
Primary biliary cirrhosis, intake of saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol
According to ATP III risk definitions, optimal values (mg/dl) are: *
Total cholesterol <240, LDL<160, HDL >=60, triglycerides <150
Total cholesterol <200, LDL<100, HDL >=60, triglycerides < 150
Total cholesterol <200, LDL<160, HDL >=40, triglycerides < 150
Total cholesterol <200, LDL<100, HDL >=40, triglycerides < 200
Total cholesterol <240, LDL<160, HDL >=60, triglycerides < 200
According to ATP III risk definitions, high risk values (mg/dl) are:
Total cholesterol >=200, LDL >=160, HDL <40, triglycerides >=200
Total cholesterol >=200, LDL >=130, HDL <60, triglycerides >=200
Total cholesterol >=240, LDL >=160, HDL <40, triglycerides >=150
Total cholesterol >=240, LDL >=130, HDL <60, triglycerides >=150
Total cholesterol >=240, LDL >=160, HDL <40, triglycerides >=200
If a patient has one risk factor for dyslipidaemia, what is the ten-year hard risk for coronary artery disease?
<1%
<5%
<10%
<15%
<20
Non-thyroid illness syndrome is best characterized by:
TSH slightly elevated FT4/T4 with reference limits
TSH and FT4/T4 low
TSH undetectable and FT4/T4 high
TSH within reference range and FT4/T4, T3 low
FT4/T4 and TSH within normal limits
Reasonable intake of iodine (for those with no history of iodine deficiency) is:
A. 90 to 1000 mcg per day for adults, and at least 290 mcg for lactating mothers
B. 150 to 1700 mcg per day for adults, and at least 290 mcg for lactating mothers
150 to 1100 mcg per day for adults, and at least 220 mcg for lactating mothers
150 to 1700 mcg per day for adults, and at least 220 mcg for lactating mothers
150 to 1100 mcg per day for adults, and at least 290 mcg for lactating mothers
Iodine-induced hypothyroidism could be caused by:
Long term iodine intake of 150 mcg per day, followed by 1700 mcg per day
Long term iodine intake of 150 mcg per day, followed by 90 mcg per day
Long term iodine intake of 90 mcg per day, followed by 50 mcg per day
Long term iodine intake of 220 mcg per day, followed by 150 mcg per day
Long term iodine intake of 90 mcg per day, followed by 150 mcg per day
Patients should always be treated as for hypothyroidism if: (**don't know which of these two)
TSH > 10mIU/L, Ts normal, or pregnant
TSH > 5mIU/L, Ts high, or pregnant
TSH > 10mIU/L, Ts high, or pregnant
TSH > 5mIU/L, Ts normal, or pregnant
TSH > 10mIU/mg, Ts normal, for all adults (pregnant and non-pregnant)
The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is:
Hashimoto disease
Iodine excess
Pituitary tumor
Multinodular goiter
Graves disease
With Hashimoto´s thyroiditis:
No patients become hyperthyroid
Most patients remain euthyroid
Some patients develop transient thyrotoxicosis, then become hypothyroid
Some patients develop hypothyroidism, then become hyperthyroid
Some patients develop transient hypothyroidism, then become euthyroid
The distinguishing feature of primary hyperaldosteronism is:
Alkalosis with hypokalemia
Alkalosis with hyperkalemia
Acidosis with hypokalemia
Acidosis with hyperkalemia
Hypertension
The most important diagnostic criteria for Graves´s disease is: **
Clinical examination
Goiter
Low TSH
High FT4
Anti-TSH ab
The insulin stress test is usually used to show:
Anterior pituitary failure
Hypothalamic failure
Failure of thyroid hormone production
Failure of TPO
Hyperthyroidism
Catecholamines change aldosterone production by directly stimulating (e. Give the first component of the RAA system which is directly affected by catecholamines):
Angiotensin increase
Renin increase
Aldosterone increase
Angiotensin decrease
Renin decrease
The following are all activated by beta-adrenergic receptors:
Heart rate, stroke volume, increased blood pressure, bronchial dilation, blood flow to splanchnic bed
Heart rate, stroke volume, increased blood pressure, bronchial dilation, lipolysis stimulation
Heart rate, stroke volume, increased blood pressure, lipolysis stimulation, blood flow to splanchnic bed
Heart rate, stroke volume, lipolysis stimulation, bronchial dilation, blood flow to splanchnic bed
Heart rate, lipolysis stimulation, increased blood pressure, bronchial dilation, blood flow to splanchnic bed
The rate limiting step in the producing of catecholamines involves which enzyme?
Tyrosine hydroxylase
Amino acid decarboxylase
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase
Phentylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase
The most common cause of mineralocorticoid excess is:
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Aldosterone-producing adenoma
Cushing syndrome
Physiological or pathological states leading to secondary hyperaldosteronism
Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism
In the synacthen test, a normal response is: ***
Basal cortisol > 225 nmol/l, final > 550 nmol/L, increment > 200nmol/l *
Basal cortisol > 275 nmol/l, final > 650 nmol/L, increment > 300nmol/l
Basal cortisol > 325 nmol/l, final > 750 nmol/L, increment > 400 nmol/l
Basal cortisol > 125 nmol/l, final > 550 nmol/L, increment > 300 nmol/l
Basal cortisol > 125 nmol/l, final > 550 nmol/L, increment > 200nmol/l
Cortisol normally reaches serum peak concentration at around:
00:00 hours
08:00 hours
14:00 hours
20:00 hours
23:00 hours
The following minimum level of urinary free cortisol, above normal upper limit, is highly suggestive of Cushing disease
1.5 x
2 x
4 x
6 x
Is not increased
Urinary free cortisol is increased by how much in iatrogenic Cushing syndrome? (**??)
1.5 x
2 x (*?)
3 x
4 x
Is not increased
The most common cause of Cushing syndrome is:
Thymic carcinoid
Cushing disease
Ectopic ACTH production
Adrenal hyperplasia
Iatrogenic
Methimazole:
Less potent than propylthiouracil, but more consistent in action, and can begiven during pregnancy
More potent than propylthiouracil, and more consistent in action, but cannot be given during pregnancy
More potent than propylthiouracil, but less consistent in action, and cannot be used during pregnancy
Less potent thar propylthiouracil, and less consistent in action, but can be given during pregnancy
Less potent than propylthiouracil, and less consistent in action, and cannot be given during pregnancy
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