Animal Behaviour

Detailed observation and description in the field are cornerstones of which approach to the study of animal behaviour?

Ethology

Sociobiology

Animal psychology

Behavioural ecology

Questions about ultimate causation are:

�how’ questions

‘when’ questions

�why’ questions

'where’ questions

Apart from ‘Origins’, Charles Darwin also wrote:

The Evolution of Human Consciousness

The Expression of the Emotions in Animals and Man

Evolution in Mind

On Human Nature

The statement ‘lemmings disperse from areas of high population because they have inherited the ability from lemming-like ancestors’ is an hypothesis about:

Evolved function

Evolutionary history

Genetics and development

Physiological mechanism

What was the name of the ship aboard which Darwin explored South America and the Pacific islands?

H.M.S. Endeavour

H.M.S. Victory

H.M.S. Nautilus

H.M.S. Beagle

What is the generally accepted reason for the lengthy delay in publishing the theory of evolution by means of natural selection?

Ill health

Fear of religious confrontation

Concentration on geological research and writing

Incomplete evidence base

Darwinian ‘fitness’ means:

Most aggressive

Most reproductively successful

Most intelligent

Most attractive

Which of the following is least likely to be considered a Darwinian puzzle?

Monogamy in male songbirds

Altruism in worker ants

Camouflaged colour patterns in grasshoppers

Siblicide in brown boobies

Combinations of sign stimuli and fixed actions patterns are called:

Innate Discharge Mechanisms

Innate Releasing Mechanisms

Liberation Mechanisms

Genetic Trigger Mechanisms

Once activated, Fixed Action Patterns continue:

Until the animal gets bored

Until the animal is exhausted

Rhythmically

To their conclusion

Placing human babies under six months old in a pool of water causes them to:

Panic

Make escape attempts and then float helplessly if these aren’t successful

Swim

Urinate

In the absence of light/dark cues most daily rhythms are:

Shorter than 24hrs

Exactly 24hrs

Longer than 24hrs

Non-existent

Rove beetles are able to obtain food from worker ants because:

Their hungry look acts as a sign stimulus

They use force to overpower them

They are able to activate a fixed action pattern in the ant

They release a sexual attractant

Moving the egg of a Sooty Tern a few inches from its original position results in:

The Tern abandoning the nest

The Tern sitting on the place where the egg was

The Tern sitting on the place where the egg now is

The Tern retrieving the egg

If over time, a rat reduces its orienting response to a stimulus, ____ has occurred.

Sensitisation

Habituation

Conditioning

Extinction

The phenomenon of overshadowing demonstrates that:

The presence of a salient stimulus reduces learning about a less salient stimulus

A US needs to be surprising for learning to take place

A CS needs to be novel for learning to take place

Associations can form between neutral stimuli

Garcia and Koelling’s famous finding was that:

Rats were poor at forming associations between bright-noisy water and illness

Rats were good at forming associations between bright-noisy water and illness

Rats were good at forming associations between tasty water and shock

Rats were only able to form associations between tasty water and illness if the illness was immediate

Watson’s criticism of Thorndike’s law of effect was:

A connection between neural centres cannot be observed

The perception of a stimulus cannot be observed

Satisfaction cannot be observed

The law of effect does not allow for the encoding of the reinforcer identity

Conditioned inhibition should be detected with:

An inhibition test

A summation and inhibition test

A retardation and summation test

A summation test

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