Histology 4C

Create an anatomical illustration of the human kidney focusing on renal corpuscles, nephrons, filtration barriers, and associated structures, highlighting their component cells like podocytes and mesangial cells in a clear and educational style.

Histology 4C Quiz

Test your knowledge and understanding of renal histology with our comprehensive 40-question quiz. Designed for students, researchers, and anyone interested in the intricacies of kidney structures and functions, this quiz covers a wide range of topics related to the nephron and filtration barrier.

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40 Questions10 MinutesCreated by LearningLeaf301

Filtration barrier:

Fibronectin, laminin and heparin suphate act as physical barriers

Lamina densa of basement membrane contains type IV collagen

Glomerular basement membrane act as a physical barrier and ion-selective filter

Is present within the renal corpuscle

Nephron:

Cells of proximal convoluted tubule have microvilli

Includes the renal corpuscle

Visceral layer of Bowman capsule forms podocytes

Cells of distal convoluted tubule possesses long stereocilia

Urine excretion sequentially:

Minor calyx of papilla, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

The renal cortex:

Is a place where extraglomerular mesangial cells are present

Is where we can find the macula densa

Contains calyces

Contains papillary ducts

Contains thin segments

Contains proximal convoluted tubule

Contains renal corpuscles

Contains capillary vessels of the vasa recta

The renal corpuscle:

There are mesangeal cells in the glomerulus

Bowman space drains into the proximal tubule at the urinary pole

Represents the beginning of the nephron

In a vascular pole afferent arterioles enter and efferent arterioles leave the corpuscle

Parietal layer of the capsule is composed of podocytes

Afferent and efferent arterioles enter and exit the renal corpuscle

Visceral layer of the capsule are called podocytes

Transitional epithelium:

Superficial cells may be binucleated

It covers the minor and major calyces

Principal cells and intercalated cells can be found in the epithelium

Is also called the urothelium

Umbrella cells are dedicated to protect other cells against hypertonic urine

Coveres the distal convoluted tubule

In some areas the umbrella cells carry special protective proteins called uroplakin

Its surface is lined with a thick layer of lipids

Are not present in calyces

Kidney:

Produces and releases erythropoietin EPO

Cortex consists of renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules

Its surface is covered with connective tissue

Nephron consists of renal corpuscle and a tubule system

Its surface is covered by endothelium

Produces and releases renin

Also functions as an endocrine organ

Collecting tubules and ducts:

Transport urine from distal convoluted tubules

Are parts of the cortical nephrons

They determine urine osmotality by reabsorbing water

Are composed of simple epithelium

Dark cells of ducts occur in lower numbers

Epithelium of the duct is composed of light and dark cells

Light cells are the predominant cell type

There are no mitochondria in the light cells of the duct

Light cells of ducts are also called principal

Proximal convoluted tubule:

Is present at the urinary pole of the renal corpuscle

Id discontinuous with the epithelium of the parietal layer of Bowmans capsule

Receive ultrafiltrate from the urinary space of Bowmans capsule

Is continuous with the epithelium of the parietal layer of Bowmans capsule

Its cells contain basal striations

Secrete creatinine

Excretory passages:

Urethra:

Have an external sphincter in females only

Is lined with stratified squamous epithelium in both women and men

Have an external sphincter in males and females

Is the only urinary organ of women

Carries urine from the bladder to the exterior

Transport urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder

Juxtaglomerular apparatus:

Extraglomerular mesangial cells are one of its members

Includes podocytes

Modified cells of afferent glomerular arterioles form macula densa

Is located at the urinery pole of the renal corpuscle

Includes juxtaglomerular cells, macula densa and extraglomerular mesangial cells

JG cells are modified muscle cells of the glomerulus afferent arteriole

JG cells produce renin

What is true regarding the allantois:

During the second month the extraemrbyonic part degenerates

Is a small diverticulum of the caudal wall of the yolk sac

Together with the yolk sac it is included in gut formation

Gives rise to oogonia and spermatogonia

Chorion:

Formed by cytotrophoblasts

Included in the formation of chorionic villi

Formed by syncytiotrophoblasts

Is formed by cyto- and syncytiotrophoblasts

Is part of the yolk sac

Secondary villi has a core made of mesenchyme

Is divided into a smooth and villous part

Only branch, not stem villi are formed from the chorion

Match: structures

Yolk sac - its derivates is an epithelium of the respiratory tract

Amnion - early hemopoiesis

Smooth chorion - fetal part of placenta

Yolk sac - source of primordial germ cells

Allantois - gut formation

Amnion - embryo development

What is true regarding the amnion?

Fetus does not participate in the production of fluid

Its amniotic sac is filled with amniotic fluid

Is filled with ≈ 2.5 liters of fluid

Fetal membrane:

Allantois are involved in early hemopoiesis

Amnion is derived from the trophoblast

All are derived from the zygote

Are involved in gas exchange

In nephrons:

Parietal layer of Bowmans capsule form podocytes

The processes of podocytes surround the vessels of the renal glomeruli

Macula densa is an osmoregulator

Collecting tubule is the last part of the nephron

What is true regarding the urinary system?

A healthy kidney has over 1.2 million nephrons

The thin limb of Henles loop is lined with simple squamous epithelium

The simple cuboidal cells of the distal tubule possesses large amount of microvilli

The kidney is responsible for the production of erythropoietin, renin and prostaglandins

Cells of the distal convoluted tubule that contact the clomerular arteriole are modified into macula densa

The filtration barrier:

Is also called the filtration apparatus

Endothelium of glomerular capillaries possesses numerous fenestrations

Is present in the medulla of kidneys

Lamina densa of basement membrane has collagen type IV

Filtration slits are formed by podocytes of the visceral layer of Bowmans capsule

The urinary system:

Collecting tubules possesses principal cells and dark cells in epithelium

Macula densa is part of the proximal convoluted tubule

Podocytes produce renin

Cortex of kidney contains renal pyramids

Renal corpuscle:

Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowmans capsule

Extraglomerular mesangial cells are part of the JG apparatus

Macula densa is osmoregulatory to monitor Na+ concentration

The processes of podocytes surround the afferent arteriole

Collecting tubule is the last part of the nephron

Which elements are included in the filtration barrier?

Distal convoluted tubule:

Is lined with simple cuboidal epithelium

Its walls contain JG cells

Apical part of epithelium contains microvilli

Is located in the medulla of kidneys

Mesangial cells are part of its wall

Kidney:

Surface is covered by CT, divided into cortex and medulla

Produces the urine

Also functions as an endocrine organ

Produces and releases erythropoietin

Nephron consists of the renal corpuscle and tubule system

Produces and releases renin

From the base of the medullary pyramids the medullary rays penetrate the cortex

Renal interstitium contains a small amount of CT

Rich in blood vessels

Henles loop:

Is a u-shaped structure

With a thick and thin descending and ascending limb

Thick limb is similar in structure to the distal convoluted tubule

Contains the renal corpuscle

Is part of the renal corpuscle

Consists of the glomerulus and podocytes

Is involved in water retention

Is part of the nephron

Collecting duct is located between two thick limbs

Which blood vessels lie between the medulla and cortex?

Arcuate arteries and veins

Rete mirabile

Stellate vein

Interlobar artery

What is true about the excretory passages?

No submucosa

Muscularis and adventitia/serosa is present

Most parts are covered with transitional epithelium

Microvilli is present

What is true about the urethra?

Only urinary organ in females

External sphincters are present in both sexes

Male urethra consist of heterogenous types of epithelium

The external sphincter is only present in males

What is true regarding the Henles loop?

Contains a thick ascending and descending limb

There are squamous cells in the thin segment

It is a U-shaped structure

It is located in the medulla

What is true regarding the renal corpuscle?

Mesangial cells are located in the glomerulus

Visceral surface of Bowmans capsule consists of podocytes

Located in the medulla

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Histology 4C

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