Renewable Energy2

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Why does renewable energy matter?

       The demand for energy is expected to double by the year 2050. If we will continue to source our energy needs from fossil fuels, we will do irreversible damage to our natural ecosystems. Is there a way to break this trend and make economic growth green? The solution may lie in renewable energy.

Why does renewable energy matter?

       The demand for energy is expected to double by the year 2050. If we will continue to source our energy needs from fossil fuels, we will do irreversible damage to our natural ecosystems. Is there a way to break this trend and make economic growth green? The solution may lie in renewable energy.

Renewable vs. Non-renewable energy

SmartSelectImage_2017-08-27-10-41-03

      As the name suggests, renewable energies are transmitted by sources that can be used over and over again. For instance, once we burn a fossil fuel, such as coal, we never get to use that same source ever again. Therefore, it is a non-renewable energy source. Examples of renewable energy include: solar, wind, hydroelectric, and biomass energy. These power sources will not run out on planet earth, but coal, oil, and other fossil fuels (non-renewable energies) will. 

       The following presentation will discuss the major types of renewable energy, the importance of renewable energy for our planet, and practical ways we can help conserve energy.

Renewable vs. Non-renewable energy

SmartSelectImage_2017-08-27-10-41-03

      As the name suggests, renewable energies are transmitted by sources that can be used over and over again. For instance, once we burn a fossil fuel, such as coal, we never get to use that same source ever again. Therefore, it is a non-renewable energy source. Examples of renewable energy include: solar, wind, hydroelectric, and biomass energy. These power sources will not run out on planet earth, but coal, oil, and other fossil fuels (non-renewable energies) will. 

       The following presentation will discuss the major types of renewable energy, the importance of renewable energy for our planet, and practical ways we can help conserve energy.

Wind power 
 
       Wind energy is energy extracted from air flow using wind turbines. Wind turbines convert kinetic energy (energy from motion) into mechanical power and then electricity. 
 
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Prevalence
  • Wind energy makes up 4.4 percent of the total US electricity generation.
  • In the last 10 years installed wind capacity has increased by nearly 880%.
 
Benefits 
  • A single 1 Megawatt (MW) turbine can generate enough electricity to power 225-300 homes. 

     

  • Prices have decreased over 80% since 1980 and are expected to keep decreasing.

Downside
  • To use wind energy, you have to rely on strong winds therefore you have to choose suitable site to operate them. 
Wind power 
 
       Wind energy is energy extracted from air flow using wind turbines. Wind turbines convert kinetic energy (energy from motion) into mechanical power and then electricity. 
 
SmartSelectImage_2017-08-27-09-44-18
Prevalence
  • Wind energy makes up 4.4 percent of the total US electricity generation.
  • In the last 10 years installed wind capacity has increased by nearly 880%.
 
Benefits 
  • A single 1 Megawatt (MW) turbine can generate enough electricity to power 225-300 homes. 

     

  • Prices have decreased over 80% since 1980 and are expected to keep decreasing.

Downside
  • To use wind energy, you have to rely on strong winds therefore you have to choose suitable site to operate them. 
Solar power
SmartSelectImage_2017-08-27-10-00-30
 
       Solar energy is generated by converting the sun’s thermal energy into electrical energy. Solar energy is the most abundant renewable energy source available and generates clean, reliable, and affordable electricity without releasing greenhouse gases and other air pollutants. 
 
Prevalence 
  • Solar installations in the US have become much more widespread, increasing seventeen fold since 2008.
Benefits
  • The solar resource is enormous. Just one hour of sunlight that falls on the earth produces enough energy to power the whole world for a year. That means that just 18 days of sunshine on Earth contains the same amount of energy as is stored in all of the planet's reserves of coal, oil, and natural gas. 
  • When operating at optimal conditions our current solar capacity can produce enough energy to power 4 million American homes. 

Downsides
  • Solar energy – while abundant – is not constant. The amount of solar energy hitting the earth’s surface varies depending on the time of day, time of year, weather patterns, and location. Solar energy plants are also vulnerable to changes in cloud cover and weather patterns – a plant’s efficiency may be significantly compromised by a cloudy day or afternoon storm.
Solar power
SmartSelectImage_2017-08-27-10-00-30
 
       Solar energy is generated by converting the sun’s thermal energy into electrical energy. Solar energy is the most abundant renewable energy source available and generates clean, reliable, and affordable electricity without releasing greenhouse gases and other air pollutants. 
 
Prevalence 
  • Solar installations in the US have become much more widespread, increasing seventeen fold since 2008.
Benefits
  • The solar resource is enormous. Just one hour of sunlight that falls on the earth produces enough energy to power the whole world for a year. That means that just 18 days of sunshine on Earth contains the same amount of energy as is stored in all of the planet's reserves of coal, oil, and natural gas. 
  • When operating at optimal conditions our current solar capacity can produce enough energy to power 4 million American homes. 

Downsides
  • Solar energy – while abundant – is not constant. The amount of solar energy hitting the earth’s surface varies depending on the time of day, time of year, weather patterns, and location. Solar energy plants are also vulnerable to changes in cloud cover and weather patterns – a plant’s efficiency may be significantly compromised by a cloudy day or afternoon storm.
Geothermal Energy
 
       Geothermal energy comes from tapping underground reservoirs of steam and hot water beneath the earth’s surface and is one of the least explored resources of renewable energy. Geothermal energy is obtained by using steam captured from hot water to drive electric generators.
 
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Benefits
  • Unlike wind, solar, tidal energy, geothermal energy is available at all hours of the day, providing cities and industry a continuous supply of electrical power. While geothermal may not scale as well as other renewable resources, it can be used in combination with intermittent sources (like energy and wind) to supply additional power when demand is high.

Downsides

  • Geothermal energy which can be used to generate electricity has side effects too. It can bring toxic chemicals beneath the earth surface onto the top and can create environmental changes.

 

 

 

Geothermal Energy
 
       Geothermal energy comes from tapping underground reservoirs of steam and hot water beneath the earth’s surface and is one of the least explored resources of renewable energy. Geothermal energy is obtained by using steam captured from hot water to drive electric generators.
 
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Benefits
  • Unlike wind, solar, tidal energy, geothermal energy is available at all hours of the day, providing cities and industry a continuous supply of electrical power. While geothermal may not scale as well as other renewable resources, it can be used in combination with intermittent sources (like energy and wind) to supply additional power when demand is high.

Downsides

  • Geothermal energy which can be used to generate electricity has side effects too. It can bring toxic chemicals beneath the earth surface onto the top and can create environmental changes.

 

 

 

Hydropower Energy
 
       Hydropower is energy produced by moving water through a turbine. 
hydro
 
Prevalence 
  • Today, hydroelectric generation provides roughly 6% of the United States’ electricity.
Benefits
  • Hydropower has a very high energy conversion efficiency. Energy conversion efficiency is the ratio between the output of an energy conversion machine and its energy input – the higher the ratio, the more efficient the power plant. 
  • Approximately 90% of the energy captured is able to be converted into electrical energy. The energy conversion efficiencies for solar and wind are much lower, averaging 15% and 59% (theoretical limit) respectively.
Downsides 
  • Hydroelectric energy provides us with a pure form of energy but building dams across the river which is quite expensive can affect natural flow and affect wildlife.
  • Large scale hydroelectric plants can also have a negative impact on human populations. The Three Gorges Dam in China displaced more than 1.2 million people, flooding 13 cities, 140 towns, and 1,350 villages.
 
Hydropower Energy
 
       Hydropower is energy produced by moving water through a turbine. 
hydro
 
Prevalence 
  • Today, hydroelectric generation provides roughly 6% of the United States’ electricity.
Benefits
  • Hydropower has a very high energy conversion efficiency. Energy conversion efficiency is the ratio between the output of an energy conversion machine and its energy input – the higher the ratio, the more efficient the power plant. 
  • Approximately 90% of the energy captured is able to be converted into electrical energy. The energy conversion efficiencies for solar and wind are much lower, averaging 15% and 59% (theoretical limit) respectively.
Downsides 
  • Hydroelectric energy provides us with a pure form of energy but building dams across the river which is quite expensive can affect natural flow and affect wildlife.
  • Large scale hydroelectric plants can also have a negative impact on human populations. The Three Gorges Dam in China displaced more than 1.2 million people, flooding 13 cities, 140 towns, and 1,350 villages.
 
Biopower
 
       Biomass energy is obtained through the burning of biomass (plant and animal material) and holds the potential to help us meet our growing energy needs. The European Union estimates that biomass holds the potential to meet up to one-third of global energy demand.
 
biom
 
Prevalence 
  • Biomass (plant material and animal waste) is the oldest source of renewable energy, used since our ancestors learned the secret of fire. It's first known use was in South Africa in 1.8m BC.
  • Biomass comes in many forms and is easily adaptable to a variety of settings and environmental conditions. The United Nations Environment Programme estimates that the nearly 140 billion metric tons of biomass is generated every year from agriculture can provide renewable energy to 1.6 billion people in developing countries, many of whom lack access to electricity. 
Benefits 
  • Energy harnessed from biomass is inexpensive compared to coal and oil. Typically they cost about 1/3 less than fossil fuels doing the same job. This means you can spend 1/3 less every year on heating your home and after 10 or 15 years that adds up to a considerable saving. 
Downsides 
  • Like all our energy sources, biopower has environmental risks that need to be mitigated. If not managed and monitored carefully, biomass for energy can be harvested at unsustainable rates, damage ecosystems, produce harmful air pollution, consume large amounts of water, and produce net global warming emissions.
Biopower
 
       Biomass energy is obtained through the burning of biomass (plant and animal material) and holds the potential to help us meet our growing energy needs. The European Union estimates that biomass holds the potential to meet up to one-third of global energy demand.
 
biom
 
Prevalence 
  • Biomass (plant material and animal waste) is the oldest source of renewable energy, used since our ancestors learned the secret of fire. It's first known use was in South Africa in 1.8m BC.
  • Biomass comes in many forms and is easily adaptable to a variety of settings and environmental conditions. The United Nations Environment Programme estimates that the nearly 140 billion metric tons of biomass is generated every year from agriculture can provide renewable energy to 1.6 billion people in developing countries, many of whom lack access to electricity. 
Benefits 
  • Energy harnessed from biomass is inexpensive compared to coal and oil. Typically they cost about 1/3 less than fossil fuels doing the same job. This means you can spend 1/3 less every year on heating your home and after 10 or 15 years that adds up to a considerable saving. 
Downsides 
  • Like all our energy sources, biopower has environmental risks that need to be mitigated. If not managed and monitored carefully, biomass for energy can be harvested at unsustainable rates, damage ecosystems, produce harmful air pollution, consume large amounts of water, and produce net global warming emissions.
      How we benefit from renewable energy sources
 
       While there are still several problems with renewable energy sources we have yet to solve shifting towards more renewable forms of energy has several advantages. 
 

1) It improves public health.

       Generating electricity from renewable energy rather than fossil fuels offers significant public health benefits. The air and water pollution emitted by coal and natural gas plants is linked to breathing problems, neurological damage, heart attacks, and cancer. Replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy has been found to reduce premature mortality and lost workdays, and it reduces overall healthcare costs. The aggregate national economic impact associated with these health impacts of fossil fuels is between $361.7 and $886.5 billion, or between 2.5 percent and 6 percent of gross domestic product (GDP).

2) Job creation

       Compared with fossil fuel technologies, which are typically mechanized and capital intensive, the renewable energy industry is more labor-intensive. This means that, on average, more jobs are created for each unit of electricity generated from renewable sources than from fossil fuels.

Whether blue-collar, white-collar, or green-color (workers employed in the environmental sector of the economy), the solar and wind industries are putting more people to work per megawatt hour (MWh) of energy than the fossil fuel industry. Just take a look at the chart below.

job creation

       The chart comes from the Department of Energy’s job data (in blue) and the Energy Information Administration’s electricity data (in orange) for the year 2016. This graph tells us two things:

  • First, the U.S. Solar industry currently employs more people than the US fossil fuel industry for electricity generation.
  • Secondly, there are 7 jobs per GWh of solar energy and about 0.5 jobs per GWh of wind energy, whereas there is only 0.1 jobs per GWh of fossil fuel energy used for electricity generation. 

3) Innovations in renewable energy leads to less cost for everyone.

       Renewable sources can cost less than consuming the local electrical supply. In the long run, the prices of electricity are expected to soar since they are based on the prices of crude oil, so renewable sources can cut your electricity bills. Breakthroughs in renewable are constantly being made which benefit society. One recent innovation to exemplify this is the Ryden battery:

developments in1

 
      How we benefit from renewable energy sources
 
       While there are still several problems with renewable energy sources we have yet to solve shifting towards more renewable forms of energy has several advantages. 
 

1) It improves public health.

       Generating electricity from renewable energy rather than fossil fuels offers significant public health benefits. The air and water pollution emitted by coal and natural gas plants is linked to breathing problems, neurological damage, heart attacks, and cancer. Replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy has been found to reduce premature mortality and lost workdays, and it reduces overall healthcare costs. The aggregate national economic impact associated with these health impacts of fossil fuels is between $361.7 and $886.5 billion, or between 2.5 percent and 6 percent of gross domestic product (GDP).

2) Job creation

       Compared with fossil fuel technologies, which are typically mechanized and capital intensive, the renewable energy industry is more labor-intensive. This means that, on average, more jobs are created for each unit of electricity generated from renewable sources than from fossil fuels.

Whether blue-collar, white-collar, or green-color (workers employed in the environmental sector of the economy), the solar and wind industries are putting more people to work per megawatt hour (MWh) of energy than the fossil fuel industry. Just take a look at the chart below.

job creation

       The chart comes from the Department of Energy’s job data (in blue) and the Energy Information Administration’s electricity data (in orange) for the year 2016. This graph tells us two things:

  • First, the U.S. Solar industry currently employs more people than the US fossil fuel industry for electricity generation.
  • Secondly, there are 7 jobs per GWh of solar energy and about 0.5 jobs per GWh of wind energy, whereas there is only 0.1 jobs per GWh of fossil fuel energy used for electricity generation. 

3) Innovations in renewable energy leads to less cost for everyone.

       Renewable sources can cost less than consuming the local electrical supply. In the long run, the prices of electricity are expected to soar since they are based on the prices of crude oil, so renewable sources can cut your electricity bills. Breakthroughs in renewable are constantly being made which benefit society. One recent innovation to exemplify this is the Ryden battery:

developments in1

 

       As you can see there are many reasons that energy conservation is important, ranging from the environment to the economy. The cost of energy is rising every year and the world's dependence on fossil fuels is creating a problem that will affect generations to come. While most of us cannot yet afford solar panels or fuel efficient cars, we can still reduce those impacts by consuming less energy. 

Below are a few initiatives we can take to help conserve energy.

       As you can see there are many reasons that energy conservation is important, ranging from the environment to the economy. The cost of energy is rising every year and the world's dependence on fossil fuels is creating a problem that will affect generations to come. While most of us cannot yet afford solar panels or fuel efficient cars, we can still reduce those impacts by consuming less energy. 

Below are a few initiatives we can take to help conserve energy.

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1      Today, Americans dump more than 100 million tons of trash into landfills annually. Even though modern sanitary landfills are safer and less of a nuisance than the open dumps of the past, no one likes having a landfill around. In heavily populated areas, landfill space is scarce. Where space is plentiful, filling it with garbage isn't a very good solution to the problem. Today, recycling efforts in the United States divert 32 percent of waste away from landfills. That prevents more than 60 million tons of garbage from ending up in landfills every year 
 
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2      For a natural resource that most of us have access to for minimal cost, water is doing pretty well as a revenue generator. The bottled version of the stuff is currently an $8 billion industry in the United States alone and produces 2.7 million tons of plastic worldwide. A simple alternative is drink tap water. However, if you don’t like the taste, filters such as PUR or Brita can achieve a similar level of purity to bottled purified drinking water, but at a much cheaper cost and without the negative environmental effects of bottling. 
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3      Many gadgets, electronic devices and appliances draw power even when they're switched off or not in use, just by being plugged in, and though it may seem trivial, it can add up over time. This waste of energy is known as a “phantom load”. All together, phantom energy can account for about 10 percent of an individual home's electricity use. Plugging bundled devices-think TV, DVD player, and DVR, or computer, monitor, and printer- into the same power strip and then turning off the power strip will prevent this waste of energy.
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4      Because CFLs use 75 percent less energy, swapping one incandescent bulb for a CFL reduces carbon dioxide by 500 pounds a year; replacing 17 has the equivalent effect of taking one car off the road for a year. 
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5      Underinflated tires decrease fuel economy by up to three percent and lead to increased pollution and higher greenhouse gas emissions. Underinflation also increases tire wear, so it will save you money in the long run if you're good about checking your tire pressure.
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11     Today, Americans dump more than 100 million tons of trash into landfills annually. Even though modern sanitary landfills are safer and less of a nuisance than the open dumps of the past, no one likes having a landfill around. In heavily populated areas, landfill space is scarce. Where space is plentiful, filling it with garbage isn't a very good solution to the problem. Today, recycling efforts in the United States divert 32 percent of waste away from landfills. That prevents more than 60 million tons of garbage from ending up in landfills every year   
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21     For a natural resource that most of us have access to for minimal cost, water is doing pretty well as a revenue generator. The bottled version of the stuff is currently an $8 billion industry in the United States alone and produces 2.7 million tons of plastic worldwide. A simple alternative is drink tap water. However, if you don’t like the taste, filters such as PUR or Brita can achieve a similar level of purity to bottled purified drinking water, but at a much cheaper cost and without the negative environmental effects of bottling.
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31      Many gadgets, electronic devices and appliances draw power even when they're switched off or not in use, just by being plugged in, and though it may seem trivial, it can add up over time. This waste of energy is known as a “phantom load”. All together, phantom energy can account for about 10 percent of an individual home's electricity use. Plugging bundled devices-think TV, DVD player, and DVR, or computer, monitor, and printer- into the same power strip and then turning off the power strip will prevent this waste of energy.
Click here to return to the infographic
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41    Because CFLs use 75 percent less energy, swapping one incandescent bulb for a CFL reduces carbon dioxide by 500 pounds a year; replacing 17 has the equivalent effect of taking one car off the road for a year. 
Click here to return to the infographic
Click here to continue (skip infogrpahic)
51     Underinflated tires decrease fuel economy by up to three percent and lead to increased pollution and higher greenhouse gas emissions. Underinflation also increases tire wear, so it will save you money in the long run if you're good about checking your tire pressure.
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12     Today, Americans dump more than 100 million tons of trash into landfills annually. Even though modern sanitary landfills are safer and less of a nuisance than the open dumps of the past, no one likes having a landfill around. In heavily populated areas, landfill space is scarce. Where space is plentiful, filling it with garbage isn't a very good solution to the problem. Today, recycling efforts in the United States divert 32 percent of waste away from landfills. That prevents more than 60 million tons of garbage from ending up in landfills every year.
Click here to return to the infographic
Click here to continue (skip infogrpahic)
22     For a natural resource that most of us have access to for minimal cost, water is doing pretty well as a revenue generator. The bottled version of the stuff is currently an $8 billion industry in the United States alone and produces 2.7 million tons of plastic worldwide. A simple alternative is drink tap water. However, if you don’t like the taste, filters such as PUR or Brita can achieve a similar level of purity to bottled purified drinking water, but at a much cheaper cost and without the negative environmental effects of bottling. 
Click here to return to the infographic
Click here to continue (skip infogrpahic)
32     Many gadgets, electronic devices and appliances draw power even when they're switched off or not in use, just by being plugged in, and though it may seem trivial, it can add up over time. This waste of energy is known as a “phantom load”. All together, phantom energy can account for about 10 percent of an individual home's electricity use. Plugging bundled devices-think TV, DVD player, and DVR, or computer, monitor, and printer- into the same power strip and then turning off the power strip will prevent this waste of energy.
Click here to return to the infographic
Click here to continue (skip infogrpahic)
42     Because CFLs use 75 percent less energy, swapping one incandescent bulb for a CFL reduces carbon dioxide by 500 pounds a year; replacing 17 has the equivalent effect of taking one car off the road for a year. 
Click here to return to the infographic
Click here to continue (skip infogrpahic)
52     Underinflated tires decrease fuel economy by up to three percent and lead to increased pollution and higher greenhouse gas emissions. Underinflation also increases tire wear, so it will save you money in the long run if you're good about checking your tire pressure.
Click here to return to the infographic
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14     Today, Americans dump more than 100 million tons of trash into landfills annually. Even though modern sanitary landfills are safer and less of a nuisance than the open dumps of the past, no one likes having a landfill around. In heavily populated areas, landfill space is scarce. Where space is plentiful, filling it with garbage isn't a very good solution to the problem. Today, recycling efforts in the United States divert 32 percent of waste away from landfills. That prevents more than 60 million tons of garbage from ending up in landfills every year.
Click here to return to the infographic
Click here to continue (skip infogrpahic)
24     For a natural resource that most of us have access to for minimal cost, water is doing pretty well as a revenue generator. The bottled version of the stuff is currently an $8 billion industry in the United States alone and produces 2.7 million tons of plastic worldwide. A simple alternative is drink tap water. However, if you don’t like the taste, filters such as PUR or Brita can achieve a similar level of purity to bottled purified drinking water, but at a much cheaper cost and without the negative environmental effects of bottling. 
Click here to return to the infographic
Click here to continue (skip infogrpahic)
34     Many gadgets, electronic devices and appliances draw power even when they're switched off or not in use, just by being plugged in, and though it may seem trivial, it can add up over time. This waste of energy is known as a “phantom load”. All together, phantom energy can account for about 10 percent of an individual home's electricity use. Plugging bundled devices-think TV, DVD player, and DVR, or computer, monitor, and printer- into the same power strip and then turning off the power strip will prevent this waste of energy.
Click here to return to the infographic
Click here to continue (skip infogrpahic)
44     Because CFLs use 75 percent less energy, swapping one incandescent bulb for a CFL reduces carbon dioxide by 500 pounds a year; replacing 17 has the equivalent effect of taking one car off the road for a year. 
Click here to return to the infographic
Click here to continue (skip infogrpahic)
54     Underinflated tires decrease fuel economy by up to three percent and lead to increased pollution and higher greenhouse gas emissions. Underinflation also increases tire wear, so it will save you money in the long run if you're good about checking your tire pressure.
Click here to return to the infographic
Click here to continue (skip infogrpahic)
You may click the images to learn more about each subject or scroll to the bottom to continue.
1
2
3
4
5
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15     Today, Americans dump more than 100 million tons of trash into landfills annually. Even though modern sanitary landfills are safer and less of a nuisance than the open dumps of the past, no one likes having a landfill around. In heavily populated areas, landfill space is scarce. Where space is plentiful, filling it with garbage isn't a very good solution to the problem. Today, recycling efforts in the United States divert 32 percent of waste away from landfills. That prevents more than 60 million tons of garbage from ending up in landfills every year.
Click here to continue
25     For a natural resource that most of us have access to for minimal cost, water is doing pretty well as a revenue generator. The bottled version of the stuff is currently an $8 billion industry in the United States alone and produces 2.7 million tons of plastic worldwide. A simple alternative is drink tap water. However, if you don’t like the taste, filters such as PUR or Brita can achieve a similar level of purity to bottled purified drinking water, but at a much cheaper cost and without the negative environmental effects of bottling. 
Click here to continue
35     Many gadgets, electronic devices and appliances draw power even when they're switched off or not in use, just by being plugged in, and though it may seem trivial, it can add up over time. This waste of energy is known as a “phantom load”. All together, phantom energy can account for about 10 percent of an individual home's electricity use. Plugging bundled devices-think TV, DVD player, and DVR, or computer, monitor, and printer- into the same power strip and then turning off the power strip will prevent this waste of energy.
Click here to continue
45     Because CFLs use 75 percent less energy, swapping one incandescent bulb for a CFL reduces carbon dioxide by 500 pounds a year; replacing 17 has the equivalent effect of taking one car off the road for a year. 
Click here to continue
55     Underinflated tires decrease fuel economy by up to three percent and lead to increased pollution and higher greenhouse gas emissions. Underinflation also increases tire wear, so it will save you money in the long run if you're good about checking your tire pressure.
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