Chapter 21

Which blood vessels act as blood reservoirs?

How do most large, lipid-insoluble molecules move from the tissues into the capillaries?

Bulk flow

Is an active transport process

Slowly moves small amounts of molecules across the plasma membrane

Continues as long as pressure gradient exists between the blood and the interstitial fluid

Into the blood is called filtration

Into the interstitial fluid is called reabsorption

Which pressures contribute to filtration?

Blood hydrostatic pressure (BHP)

Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure (IFOP)

Blood colloidal osmotic pressure (BCOP)

A and b are correct

A, b, and c are correct

How is net filtration pressure (NFP) calculated?

Which of the following is correct?

At the arteriole end of the capillary, the NFP favors movement of materials in to the capillary

At the venule end of a capillary, the NFP favors movement of materials out of the capillary

Some of the fluid that leaks out of a capillary is reabsorbed into lymphatic vessels

A and b are correct

A, b, and c are correct

Which of the following is not true?

Blood pressure is generated by the contraction of the atria

A systolic pressure of 110 mmHG in a resting young adult is probably normal

The pulse pressure is the product of the systolic and diastolic pressure

The highest vascular blood pressure is observed in the aorta

The lowest vascular blood pressure is observed in the vena cavae entering the right atrium

Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Can be estimated by calculating (systolic BP + 1/4 (systolic BP-diastolic BP)

Can be estimated by calculating (heart rate X resistance)

Is the average pressure in arteries

A and b are correct

A, b, and c are correct

Which resistance factor is most important in controlling blood pressure?

Which of the following is not correct?

Venous return is normally favored by the lack of blood pressure in the right atrium

Venous return is enhanced by pulmonary semilunar valve stenosis

Venous return is assisted by contractions of skeletal muscles

Venous return is assisted by the contractions of the diaphragm

Venous return is assisted by the presence of valves in the veins

Which of the following is not true of the cardiovascular center?

Regulates blood vessel diameter

Regulates heart rate

Is located in the hypothalamus

Regulates contractility of the ventricles

Receives input from proprioceptors, chemoreceptors, and baroreceptors

Neutral control of blood pressure depends on

Sensory input from baroreceptors in the carotid and aortic sinuses

Sensory input from the chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies

Cranial nerves IX and V relaying impulses to the cardiovascular center

The balance of sympathetic impulses from the cardiovascular center

All of these are correct

Increased secretion of which of the following hormones would decrease blood pressure?

Autoregulation of blood flow

Responds to metabolic demand by redirecting blood to the least active tissues

Responds to warmth, physical factor, by constructing arterioles

Responds to chemical factors such as K+ and H+ by dilating arterioles

A and b are correct

A, b, and c are correct

Which of the following is correct?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart

Elastic arteries have larger diameters than muscular arteries

Muscular arteries branch into arterioles

A and b are correct

A, b, and c are correct

Which of the following does not cause vasodilation?

Increased sympathetic stimulation

Decreased sympathetic innervation

Increased H+ concentration

Increased lactic acid concentration

Increased no concentration

Muscular arteries

Are also called conducting arteries

Contain more smooth muscle than elastic fibers in the tunica media

Include the tibial and popliteal arteries

A and b are correct

A, b, and c are correct

Which blood vessels play a key role in regulating blood distribution and pressure because their diameters may be easily and rapidly adjusted?

Capillaries

Form more extensive beds in tissues that have greater metabolic rates

Have a thick tunica media

Receive blood from venules

Drain into anterioles

Are found in the cornea and in cartilage

Sinusoids

Are straighter and narrower than other capillaries

Are less porous than other capillaries

Are found in the liver and red bone marrow

Have no specialized lining cells

All of the above are correct

Veins

Carry blood toward the heart

Have thick layers of smooth muscle in the tunica media

Have no valves

Have thin layers of connective tissue in the tunica externa

Carry blood under high pressure

Anastomoses

Are unions of the branches of two or more veins supplying the same body region

Are unions of the branches of two or more arteries supplying the same body region

Are union of the branches of arteries and veins supplying the same body region

Are found only in the brain

Are uncommon in the upper and lower extremities

Place the following in the order in which blood flows through them, starting with the heart: 1.heart 2. veins 3. capillaries 4. arterioles 5. arteries 6.venules

A pulse

Is caused by the expansion and recoil of elastic arteries after left ventricular contraction

Can be palpated in superficial artery briefly compressed against a hard underlying surface

Of 120 represents tachycardia

A and b are correct

A, b, and c are correct

A patient with blood pressure of 180/120

The two main circulatory routes are the

Pulmonary and systemic circulations

Pulmonary and coronary circulations

Coronary and systemic circulations

Coronary and cranial circulations

Systemic and hepatic circulations

Systemic circulation

Carries oxygen-enriched blood from the right ventricle through the aorta to the body tissues

Returns oxygen-depleted blood to the right atrium via the vena cavae or the coronary sinus

Carries blood to the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs

Take venous blood from the gastrointerstinal organs into the hepatic portal vein of the liver

Carries oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs from the left ventricle via the pulmonary trunk

Why is less pressure needed to move blood through the pulmonary circulation then through the systemic circulation?

Pulmonary arteries have large diameters

Pulmonary arteries have thinner walls and less elastic tissue than systemic arteries

Pulmonary arteries offer less resistance to blood flow than systemic arteries

A and b are correct

A, b, and c are correct

The right and left coronary arteries are branches of the

Place the following in the order that blood will move through them to reach the right side of the face from the heart: 1.ascending aorta 2. Common carotid artery 3. Brachiocephalic artery 4. External carotid artery 5. Aortic arch 6. Maxillary artery

Which of the following is not a branch of the abdominal aorta?

Alternating contraction and relaxation of metaerioles and precapillary sphincters that regulates flow into capillary beds

Veins carry blood from one capillary bed to the capillary bed of an organ other than the heart

Capillaries containing pores that let larger molecules and even blood cells to leave the blood stream

Veins having thin endothelium but missing smooth muscle; found on posterior wall of heart and in dura mater of brain

Force of blood remaining in artery during ventricular relaxation

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