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Ch. 5

A 40-year-old woman has an injury to the midshaft humerus following a motor vehicle crash. What major joint is immediately distal to her injury?

A. wrist

B. elbow

C. shoulder

D. xiphoid

A fracture of a femur in a location farthest away from the hip is:

A. distal.

B. medial.

C. superior.

D. proximal.

A patient is in the anatomic position when he or she is:

A. Standing facing you with arms to the side and palms touching the side of the lower extremities.

B. Lying down on his or her back with the arms at the sides and the palms facing downward.

C. Lying down on his or her side with the arms above the head and the hands clenched in a fist.

D. Standing facing you with arms at the sides and the palms of the hands facing outward.

A pulse is felt:

A. When a wave of pressure is created by the heart as it forces blood into the arteries.

B. On any part of the body where a large vein lies close to the surface of the skin.

C. As oxygen and nutrients pass from the blood cells into the cells of the body tissues.

D. Wherever a large capillary lies between a bony structure and a thin layer of skin.

A specialized type of muscle that is found only in the heart is called:

A. Cardiac muscle.

B. Smooth muscle.

C. Voluntary muscle.

D. Pulmonary muscle.

A young man sustained a stab wound to the artery in the neck. To control the bleeding from this injury, you should apply pressure to the:

A. Carotid artery.

B. Femoral artery.

C. Radial artery.

D. Popliteal artery.

After blood picks up oxygen in the lungs, it:

A. Is eliminated from the body.

B. Is received by the right atrium.

C. Is combined with carbon dioxide.

D. Returns to the left side of the heart.

After delivering a trauma patient to the hospital, you later learn that the patient had an injury to his lower back. Which spinal vertebrae were MOST likely injured?

A. cervical

B. lumbar

C. thoracic

D. coccyx

Air is inhaled into the lungs when the diaphragm:

A. Relaxes and moves upward in the chest.

B. Contracts and moves downward in the chest.

C. Relaxes and moves downward in the chest.

D. Contracts and moves upward in the chest.

All of the following are functions of the skin, EXCEPT:

A. Regulating body temperature.

B. Protecting against harmful substances.

C. Receiving information from the environment.

D. Producing sweat when body temperature falls.

An egg matures in the __________ and travels to the ___________ via the __________.

A. vagina, uterus, fallopian tube

B. ovary, uterus, fallopian tube

C. Fallopian tube, uterus, ovary

D. uterus, fallopian tube, ovary

At what age do the body's systems typically begin to decline?

A. 22 years

B. 35 years

C. 41 years

D. 50 years

Between the ages of 1 and 3 years, a child:

A. Typically loses his or her primary teeth.

B. Normally has a systolic blood pressure of 50 to 60 mm Hg.

C. Has a normal respiratory rate that peaks at 50 breaths/min.

D. Is at high risk for falls because of poor coordination and balance.

Bile is produced by the __________ and is stored in the ___________.

A. pancreas, liver

B. liver, gallbladder

C. pancreas, stomach

D. gallbladder, kidneys

During your assessment of a 21-year-old man who fell from a roof, you note the presence of bruising on the medial aspect of the anterior trunk. What part of the body is this describing?

A. Toward the midline on the back of the torso

B. Away from the midline on the back of the torso

C. Away from the midline on the front part of the torso

D. Toward the midline on the front part of the torso

Each shoulder girdle consists of the:

A. clavicle, scapula, and humerus.

B. First rib, clavicle, and scapula.

C. scapula, humerus, and second rib.

D. Thoracic spine, clavicle, and scapula.

Expiration occurs when:

A. The chest muscles contract and push air from the chest.

B. The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward in the chest.

C. The chest muscles relax and the diaphragm moves downward.

D. Air is drawn into the lungs as a result of contraction of the diaphrag

A. The chest muscles contract and push air from the chest. Incorrect B. The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward in the chest. C. The chest muscles relax and the diaphragm moves downward. D. Air is drawn into the lungs as a result of contraction of the diaphrag

A. Young age.

B. Excess body weight.

C. Athletic conditioning.

D. Blood pressure medications.

Fibrous bands that connect bones to each other are called:

A. joints.

B. tendons.

C. muscles.

D. ligaments.

Functions of the skeletal system include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A. Supporting the body.

B. Protecting vital structures.

C. Manufacturing red blood cells.

D. Facilitating strength and agility.

In contrast to veins, arteries:

A. Return blood back to the heart under low pressure.

B. Carry blood away from the heart under high pressure.

C. Return blood back to the heart under high pressure.

D. Carry blood away from the heart under low pressure.

In relation to the nose, the eyes are:

A. lateral.

B. medial.

C. distal.

D. proximal.

Insulin is produced by the:

A. liver.

B. spleen.

C. pancreas.

D. gallbladder.

Late adulthood is considered to begin at _____ years of age.

A. 61

B. 65

C. 71

D. 75

On the human body, proximal means:

A. A position that is closest to the body's midline.

B. Toward or positioned on the back side of the body.

C. A position that is closer to the head than the feet.

D. Close to the point where an arm or leg is attached.

Tendons function by:

A. Connecting bones to each other.

B. Attaching muscles to the bones.

C. Supporting two bones at a joint.

D. Providing the body's framework.

The 11th and 12th ribs are:

. Not attached to the spine in any way.

B. Firmly attached to the sternum by cartilage.

C. The floating ribs and are attached to the spine.

D. Connected to each other by several strong tendons.

A. alveoli.

B. capillaries.

C. bronchioles.

D. Red blood cells.

The bone of the upper arm is called the _________, and the bones of the forearm are called the _________ and _________.

A. humerus, radius, ulna

B. radius, humerus, tibia

C. clavicle, ulna, radius

D. humerus, tibia, fibula

The central nervous system is composed of the:

A. Brain and spinal cord.

B. Spinal cord and its nerve fibers.

C. Region of the brain that regulates breathing.

D. Nerve fibers that extend throughout the body.

The circulatory system is responsible for:

A. Pumping blood through the body.

B. Enriching the blood with oxygen.

C. Producing oxygen-carrying blood cells.

D. Producing carbon dioxide in the body.

The exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen occurs:

A. Within the walls of the trachea.

B. about 20 to 24 times per minute.

C. Without conscious effort on your part.

D. Outside the alveoli within the lungs.

The function of the right ventricle is to:

A. Pump blood to the body.

B. Receive blood from the body.

C. Pump blood to the lungs.

D. Receive blood from the lungs

The left ventricle is the most muscular chamber of the heart because it:

A. Receives a lot of blood from the aorta.

B. Must pump blood throughout the entire body.

C. Receives large amounts of blood from the body.

D. Must pump adequate amounts of blood to the lungs.

The leg consists of the:

A. Tibia and fibula.

B. Patella and thighbone.

C. femur, tibia, and fibula.

D. Pelvic girdle and femur.

The location of a lateral body part is:

A. In the lower part of the body.

B. At the highest point of the body.

C. Toward the center of the body.

D. Away from the midline of the body.

The major bones of the head include the:

A. Skull and facial bones.

B. Skull and lower jawbone.

C. Upper jawbone and skull.

D. Upper and lower jawbones.

The nerve fibers outside the brain and spinal cord make up the:

A. Central nervous system.

B. Peripheral nervous system.

C. Voluntary nervous system.

D. Involuntary nervous system.

The organ that delivers sperm to fertilize the female egg is called the:

A. Fallopian tube.

B. uterus.

C. ovary.

D. penis.

The oxygen-carrying component of the blood is/are:

A. platelets.

B. Red blood cells.

C. White blood cells.

D. plasma.

The primary function of the digestive system is to:

A. Prevent harmful substances from being absorbed into the blood.

B. Break down food into a form that can be carried to the body's cells.

C. Produce bile for release into the small intestine to help digest fats.

D. Create waste products that are eliminated from the body via the rectum.

The rate of a person's breathing increases when:

A. The need for carbon dioxide increases.

B. The body requires less oxygen.

C. The body generates additional carbon dioxide.

D. There is too much oxygen in the blood.

The removal of waste products from the body begins in the:

A. liver.

B. pancreas.

C. kidneys.

D. gallbladder.

The respiratory system functions by:

A. Transporting oxygenated blood throughout the body.

B. Eliminating damaged blood cells from the body.

C. Bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide.

D. Ensuring that an adequate amount of oxygen reaches the body's cells.

The sections of the spinal column, in descending order, are the:

A. coccyx, sacrum, lumbar, thoracic, and cervical.

B. cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx.

C. thoracic, cervical, sacrum, lumbar, and coccyx.

D. cervical, thoracic, sacrum, coccyx, and lumbar.

The shoulder is an example of a(n):

A. Hinge joint.

B. Fused joint.

C. ball-and-socket joint.

D. Immovable joint.

The skin is a protective barrier against bacteria and viruses unless:

A. It gets wet.

B. It is too warm.

C. It is injured.

D. It is stretched.

The spinal cord is a group of nerves that:

A. Carries messages to and from the brain.

B. Extends from the midchest to the pelvis.

C. Is surrounded by tendons and ligaments.

D. Is positioned lateral to the spinal vertebrae.

The spine contains _____ vertebrae.

A. 26

B. 30

C. 33

D. 36

The structure that prevents food or liquid from entering the larynx is called the:

A. epiglottis.

B. esophagus.

C. oropharynx.

D. nasopharynx.

The term “anterior” refers to the:

A. top.

B. back.

C. sides.

D. front.

The xiphoid process is the:

A. Thick middle portion of the sternum.

B. Pointed structure at the bottom of the sternum.

C. Portion of the sternum that attaches to the clavicles.

D. Point where the 6th through 10th ribs are attached.

The _________ artery produces a pulse at the groin.

. radial

B. carotid

C. brachial

D. femoral

Thin-walled vessels that carry blood back to the heart are called:

A. veins.

B. arteries.

C. arterioles.

D. capillaries

Thinking, breathing, heartbeat, and digestion are central functions of the:

A. Peripheral nerves.

B. Spinal cord.

C. brain.

D. Spinal nerves.

Urine flows from the kidneys to the bladder via the:

A. ureters.

B. urethra.

C. Fallopian tube.

D. Spermatic cord.

What role does insulin play in the body?

A. It aids in the body's use of glucose.

B. It stimulates the liver to make glucose.

C. It breaks down and eliminates glucose.

D. It draws glucose from the body's cells.

When nerves send signals to the brain about what is happening to the body, the brain:

A. Automatically increases the rate and depth of breathing.

B. Sends signals back to the body to obtain more sensory information.

C. Often takes a lengthy period of time to interpret the sensory signals.

D. Sends signals to the body in response to the sensory signals it received.

When the body gets too cold, the blood vessels:

A. Remain at a constant size to maintain body temperature.

B. Constrict to shunt warm blood to the body's core.

C. Dilate to bring cold blood to the surface of the skin.

D. Constrict initially but then dilate to maintain temperature.

Which bone is located on the medial aspect of the forearm?

A. ulna

B. radius

C. fibula

D. humerus

Which layer of the skin contains sensory nerves and sweat glands?

A. dermis

B. epidermis

C. Deep muscle tissue

D. Subcutaneous layer

Which of the following is NOT a female reproductive organ?

A. uterus

B. ovaries

C. testes

D. Fallopian tubes

Which of the following is NOT an upper airway structure?

A. larynx

B. alveoli

C. pharynx

D. epiglottis

Which of the following sets of vital signs is typical for an otherwise healthy adult?

A. Blood pressure, 80/50 mm Hg; pulse, 130 beats/min; respirations, 30 breaths/min

B. Blood pressure, 90/60 mm Hg; pulse, 110 beats/min; respirations, 26 breaths/min

C. Blood pressure, 100/50 mm Hg; pulse, 90 beats/min; respirations, 24 breaths/min

D. Blood pressure, 110/60 mm Hg; pulse, 70 beats/min; respirations, 16 breaths/min

Which of the following statements about the skull is correct?

A. The many bones of the skull form a solid sphere.

B. The skull consists of two major bones that are fused together loosely.

C. The skull forms a hollow sphere that contains and protects the brain.

D. The skull comprises many small, thin, bony structures.

Which of the following statements is correct?

A. The abdomen is on the posterior aspect of the body.

B. The chest is located on the anterior aspect of the body.

C. The thigh is proximal in relation to the patient's hips.

D. An injured left foot is proximal to an injured left knee.

Which of the following statements is correct?

A. The head is inferior to the neck.

B. The wrist is distal to the elbow.

C. The ears are medial to the eyes.

D. The knee is proximal to the thigh.

Which of the following statements regarding a child's airway is correct?

A. Very young infants can breathe only through their noses.

B. Airway blockage is less likely to occur in small children.

C. The child's airway is smaller but less flexible than an adult's.

D. An infant's respiratory rate is somewhat slower than an adult's.

Which of the following statements regarding adolescents is correct?

A. An adolescent will test the limits of authority.

B. An adolescent often fears and respects his or her elders.

C. Adolescents understand the consequences of their actions.

D. Adolescents are usually responsible and are not risk takers.

Which of the following statements regarding capillaries is correct?

A. Capillaries are thick-walled blood vessels that are under high pressure.

B. At the capillary level, carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the cells.

C. Some capillaries are so small that only one blood cell at a time can pass through them.

D. Blood cells pick up blood that is high in oxygen from the capillaries and return it to the heart.

Which of the following statements regarding fused joints is correct?

A. Fused joints permit movement in only one plane.

B. The shoulders and hips are examples of fused joints.

C. Fused joints do not permit movement between the bone ends.

D. Fused joints allow movement in more than one plane.

Which of the following statements regarding skeletal muscle is correct?

A. Skeletal muscle is attached to bones by ligaments.

B. Skeletal muscle carries out automatic functions of the body.

C. Skeletal muscle is not under conscious control.

D. Skeletal muscles provide voluntary muscle movement.

Which of the following statements regarding the ribs is correct?

A. The seven pairs of ribs attach anteriorly to the sternum.

B. The eight pairs of ribs protect the heart, lungs, liver, and spleen.

C. The 11th and 12th ribs are attached directly to the sternum.

D. All 12 pairs of ribs are attached posteriorly to the spinal column.

Which organs are protected by the pelvis?

A. Liver and spleen

B. Reproductive organs

C. Kidneys and gallbladder

D. Stomach and gallbladder

Which type of muscle carries out many of the body's automatic functions?

A. Cardiac muscle

B. Smooth muscle

C. Skeletal muscle

D. Voluntary muscle

While you treat an elderly patient, he tells you that he bleeds easily. Which of the following would MOST likely cause this?

A. Weak bone structure

B. Progressive liver failure

C. Inadequate platelet count

D. Increased white blood cell count

White blood cells are responsible for:

A. Carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide.

B. Devouring disease-causing organisms.

C. Activating the blood's clotting process.

D. Circulating all of the cells in the blood.

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