PSYC 2319 MAJOR EXAM 2

#1. According to the text, what term best describes the relationship between biology and culture?

#2. A set of behavior expectations for males and females is called

#3. The text suggests that most religions encourage us to view ourselves as _______ and others as _______.

#4. Studies suggest that most women, if they stress one factor more than any other, tend to prefer men who

#5. Much of the style we attribute to men is

#6. According to research conducted by Leung and Bond (2004), those people who espouse ______ express lower life satisfaction as well as right-wing politics.

#7. Women are typically _____ leaders. Men are typically _____ leaders.

#8. Which of the following is NOT one of the universal big five social beliefs?

#9. What cultural differences or similarities were found in the research on pedestrian interaction in the U.S. and Japan?

#10. Research has found that _______ are generally superior at decoding others' emotional messages.

#11. Higher than normal levels of testosterone have been found in

#12. The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next are called

#13. We tend to feel more sadness when we learn about one person's death on the news than we feel when we hear of thousands killed in a natural disaster. This is

#14. In Milgram's research, when the experimenter gave the commands by telephone instead of in person, full obedience

#15. In Western individualistic societies, the word "conformity" carries

#16. Asch's studies of conformity show that

#17. Conformity is greater when people feel incompetent. This pattern reflects

#18. In his classic study of _______, Sherif had participants in groups call out estimates of the distance that a small point of light appeared to move in a dark room.

#19. The Werther effect is most likely to occur

#20. Milgram's studies explored _______; Asch's studies explored _______.

#21. In one variation of his original experiment, Milgram arranged for a confederate "clerk" (posing as a fellow participant) to assume command in the experimenter's absence. As a result of this manipulation,

#22. A concern for _______ produces normative influence, while a concern for _______ produces informational influence.

#23. A person who both acts and believes in accord with social pressure is demonstrating

#24. Even though you really dislike wearing a dress, you decide to wear one to your cousin's wedding. This is an example of

#25. Which of the following is NOT one of the verbal prods used in Milgram's studies to keep participants going?

#26. Which of the following best explains why students typically dislike group projects in their classes?

#27. People in groups will loaf less when the

#28. An example of someone who is involved with co-actors is

#29. Triplett (1898) conducted one of social psychology's first laboratory experiments by asking children to wind string on a fishing reel. The results of the study indicated that there was a positive relationship between the speed at which the children wound the reel and the presence of other children. Later studies found the same pattern and dubbed it

#30. The process by which certain group members motivate and guide the group is called

#31. While sitting in a meeting, John is becoming more and more uncomfortable with the group consensus. Not wanting to make waves, though, he withholds his opinion in favor of the group's comfort. This is an example of

#32. According to social psychologists, a group exists when two or more people interact with and influence each other, and

#33. When people learn about others' positions, without making a prior commitment and without discussing their own position, they will

#34. Research on group polarization began with the erroneous conclusion that group discussion leads to

#35. People are more likely to exhibit social loafing if

#36. Your psychology professor has assigned group projects to your class. She has chosen to individually grade each student's contribution to the assignment as an attempt to reduce

#37. Which of the following is a comment you are LEAST likely to hear being made within a group characterized by groupthink?

#38. Professional athletes often perform better in front of a large crowd during a game than alone during practice. This finding supports the theory of

#39. When Asch (1946) presented students with a description of someone as "intelligent, industrious, impulsive, critical, stubborn, and envious," they rated the person more positively than if the opposite order of adjectives was presented. This demonstrates the _______ effect.

#40. Exposing people to weak attacks on their attitudes, which then stimulates thinking in support of the initial attitude, is known as

#41. You are attending a lecture by a banker and you expect her to advocate bank savings accounts. However, she advocates stock investments instead. Since her message goes against her own self-interest, you perceive her as _______ and the message as _______.

#42. Darley and Cooper (1972) found that when students were invited to write essays advocating a strict dress code, which was against the students' own positions, the students were not willing to write the essays even if they were paid. After turning down the money, the students became

#43. Speaking to a huge anti-union retail store, an anti-union political candidate's expertise seems to

#44. According to Myers, advertisers for computers tend to adopt marketing strategies that use the ____ route to persuasion.

#45. A cult has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

#46. A communicator is said to be _______ when he or she is perceived as both an expert and trustworthy.

#47. Which statement is NOT true about the best way to deal with media information?

#48. Darla wants to persuade her parents to help pay for a study trip abroad. She will have a more difficult time succeeding if

#49. When an initially discounted message becomes effective, a delayed impact of the message occurs. This is called the _______ effect.

#50. We tend to like people who are like us. This exemplifies which characteristic of attractiveness?