21 Wine

What explains the red colour of the wine?
A pigment called anthocyanin
A pigment added by the wine maker
A pigment present in grape seeds
A pigment called chlorophyll 
Anthocyanins are naturally found in flowers and a number of fruits and vegetables (e.g. berries, grapes and tomatoes) and give them their rich coloring. They act as antioxidants, improve visual and neurological abilities, and have an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effect.
 
Anthocyanidine.svg
Anthocyanins are naturally found in flowers and a number of fruits and vegetables (e.g. berries, grapes and tomatoes) and give them their rich coloring. They act as antioxidants, improve visual and neurological abilities, and have an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effect.
 
Anthocyanidine.svg
How is alcohol added to wine?
Alcool is added by the wine maker
Yeast convert the sugar into alcool
Grapes contain alcool naturally
Bacteria convert the sugar into alcool
Yeasts are unicellular microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom. Fermentation of sugars by yeast has been used for thousands of years in food production: there would be no bread, beer or wine without yeasts.
 
 
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Yeasts are unicellular microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom. Fermentation of sugars by yeast has been used for thousands of years in food production: there would be no bread, beer or wine without yeasts.
 
 
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Which gas is in sparkling wine?
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen
Helium

Carbon dioxide is produced by all aerobic organisms when they metabolize carbohydrates and lipids to produce energy by respiration. It is also produced during the alcoholic fermentation of carbohydrates. Carbon dioxide acts as a greenhouse gas in Earth's atmosphere leading to global warming and ocean acidification.

 

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Carbon dioxide is produced by all aerobic organisms when they metabolize carbohydrates and lipids to produce energy by respiration. It is also produced during the alcoholic fermentation of carbohydrates. Carbon dioxide acts as a greenhouse gas in Earth's atmosphere leading to global warming and ocean acidification.

 

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Will the sound be higher or lower when adding liquid to a singing glass?
The sound is lower
The sound is higher

When you rub your moistened finger along the rim of the glass, your finger encounters friction which is reduced by the water on your finger. This motion will cause vibrations in the glass which are transmitted to the surrounding air, creating a sound wave with a specific frequency. At a particular vibration frequency, called the resonant frequency, the sides of the glass vibrate most easily. The resonant frequency and consequently the pitch of the sound depends on the volume of liquid in the glass.

 

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When you rub your moistened finger along the rim of the glass, your finger encounters friction which is reduced by the water on your finger. This motion will cause vibrations in the glass which are transmitted to the surrounding air, creating a sound wave with a specific frequency. At a particular vibration frequency, called the resonant frequency, the sides of the glass vibrate most easily. The resonant frequency and consequently the pitch of the sound depends on the volume of liquid in the glass.

 

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Why is sulphur dioxide added to wine?
To mask the taste of yeasts
To increase the fermentation capabilities of yeasts
To feed the yeasts
To inhibit or kill yeasts

SO2 is added in the process of vinification and is present in the finished wine in the form of sulphites. Sulphites naturally occur in some foods and the human body. They are also regulated food additives used as preservatives. They slow oxidation and knock out harmful bacteria and yeasts. Sulphites may negatively effect the taste of wines and cause allergic reactions.

 

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SO2 is added in the process of vinification and is present in the finished wine in the form of sulphites. Sulphites naturally occur in some foods and the human body. They are also regulated food additives used as preservatives. They slow oxidation and knock out harmful bacteria and yeasts. Sulphites may negatively effect the taste of wines and cause allergic reactions.

 

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Give a physical description of a classical bottle opener?
A lever
A complex machine
A numerical robot
A screwdriver
A lever is a simple machine which consists of a rigid body that can be rotated around a pivot point. It is a mechanical force transducer that amplifies an input force. Levers are divided according to the relative positions of the pivot point, the force and the resistance / the load. We encounter levers in our daily lives: seesaws, scissors, wheelbarrows, nutcrackers and hammers are everyday examples of levers.
 
 
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A lever is a simple machine which consists of a rigid body that can be rotated around a pivot point. It is a mechanical force transducer that amplifies an input force. Levers are divided according to the relative positions of the pivot point, the force and the resistance / the load. We encounter levers in our daily lives: seesaws, scissors, wheelbarrows, nutcrackers and hammers are everyday examples of levers.
 
 
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In which region of the world did people start producing wine 8000 years ago?
In the Rift Valley
In the Middle-East
In the Roman Empire
In central europe

It was in the Neolithic that wild vines, which juice ferments naturally, were domesticated. In ceramics discovered in Iran, terebinth resin was found. This preservative prevented wine from turning into vinegar.

 

Persepolis_stairs_of_the_Apadana_relief

 

 

 

 

It was in the Neolithic that wild vines, which juice ferments naturally, were domesticated. In ceramics discovered in Iran, terebinth resin was found. This preservative prevented wine from turning into vinegar.

 

Persepolis_stairs_of_the_Apadana_relief

 

 

 

 

Which phenomenon helps you to quickly empty a bottle?
A vartex
A whirly
A vortex
A vortix

In fluid dynamics, a vortex is a region in a fluid in which the flow revolves around a straight or curved axis line. Vortices are observed in smoke rings, whirlpools, and during tornadoes. In a vortex, the fluid flow velocity is greatest next to its axis and decreases in inverse proportion to the distance from the axis; in contrast, the fluid pressure is lowest next to its axis and increases in inverse proportion to the distance from the axis.

 

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In fluid dynamics, a vortex is a region in a fluid in which the flow revolves around a straight or curved axis line. Vortices are observed in smoke rings, whirlpools, and during tornadoes. In a vortex, the fluid flow velocity is greatest next to its axis and decreases in inverse proportion to the distance from the axis; in contrast, the fluid pressure is lowest next to its axis and increases in inverse proportion to the distance from the axis.

 

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This quiz was written by the Luxembourg Science Center in Differdange. Visit the Centre to learn more about wine and other scientific topics!

 
 

This quiz was written by the Luxembourg Science Center in Differdange. Visit the Centre to learn more about wine and other scientific topics!

 
 

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Images copyrights:
1 commons.wikimedia.org
2 commons.wikimedia.org
3 commons.wikimedia.org
4 Luxembourg Science Center
5 commons.wikimedia.org
6 Luxembourg Science Center
7 Luxembourg Science Center
8 Luxembourg Science Center
9 Luxembourg Science Center
10 Luxembourg Science Center
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13 Luxembourg Science Center
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