Final Exam Quizzes

Turbidity:

Impairs the ability of producers to photosynthesize

Is caused by toxic chemicals

Is directly correlated to bacterial contamination

Increases light penetration

Lowers the water temperature

Which of the following heavy metals contaminates water and can accumulate in human muscle tissue?

Mercury and lead:

Are radioactive

Are components of acid precipitation

Can cause mental impairment

Affect only small organisms

Do not cause serious problems in the United States

All of the following conditions can be transmitted through contaminated food and water except:

Radon:

Is a component of acid precipitation

Is produced by industries in large quantities

Is a radioactive gas

Causes nutrient enrichment of water

Causes mental impairment

Eutrophication:

Lowers the dissolved oxygen content of water

Is caused by nutrient enrichment

Lessens biodiversity

Results in increased photosynthetic productivity

All of the above

One major problem with sewage is that it adds which of the following to water:

A large amount of sewage:

Does not affect the BOD

Generates a high BOD, which lowers the level of dissolved oxygen in the water

Generates a low BOD, which lowers the level of dissolved oxygen in the water

Generates a high BOD, which raises the level of dissolved oxygen in the water

Generates a low BOD, which raises the level of dissolved oxygen in the water

The "dead zone" in the Gulf of Mexico is:

A large zone of hypoxia caused by excessive decomposition of algae

Due to regular dumping of untreated human sewage into the gulf

The largest oxygen-free zone identified to date

Present year round

Home to numerous bacteria and bottom dwellers, such as sea stars and spiny lobsters, but no fishes

Coastal hypoxia can be reversed through:

Controlling the mercury emission from power plants

Regulating the disposal of medical wastes

Building dams to create reservoirs

Eliminating pesticide use

Restoring former wetlands in the watershed to reduce the nitrate and phosphate load from fertilizers

Which of the following is NOT an example of nonpoint source pollution?

In a water treatment plant, chlorination:

Removes suspended particles

Removes phosphorous and nitrogen

Uses aerobic microorganisms to decompose organic wastes

Kills disease-causing organisms

Involves the anaerobic digestion of organic wastes

Put the following events of septic system operation in the correct order of occurrence: I. Household sewage is piped into septic tank. II. Wastewater containing suspended material flows into drain field III. Purified wastewater percolates into groundwater or evaporates from soil IV. Bacteria decompose organic material in well-aerated soil. V. Heavy particles settle out of water and bacteria decompose grease and oil. a) I-II-III-IV-V b) I-V-II-IV-III c) I-IV-III-V-II d) I-III-V-II-IV e) I-IV-III-II-V

Any inherited characteristic that decreases the effect of a pesticide on a pest is known as:

A predicament where the cost of applying pesticide increases while their effectiveness decreases is called:

One problem associated with pesticide is that they:

All of these statements are correct

Do not stay where they are applied

Tend to move through water and soil

May move great distances from the point of application

Can be transported through the atmosphere

Using a combination of biological, chemical and cultural methods to control pests is referred to as:

The techniques of using naturally occurring disease organisms, parasites, or predators to control pests is called:

Bt:

Is a bacterium that creates proteins which are toxic to insects

Is classified as a botanical

Is a broad-spectrum insecticide

None of these choices is correct

Is a narrow-spectrum herbicide

Genetically modified, pest-resistant crops:

May contain the gene from Bt

Have been shown to be completely safe for non-pest insect species, such as the monarch butterfly

Have not yet been developed

Require more frequent applications of pesticide, although in lower doses, than unmodified crops

May become invasive pests or persist in the environment longer than unmodified crops

The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants requires that countries develop plans to eliminate production and use of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP's). Countries have been granted an exception to this requirement for DDT because:

It is an inexpensive method to control mosquitoes in countries where no affordable alternatives exist.

None of these choices are correct

Many countries have stockpiled large amounts of dot, and it would be difficult and costly to eliminate all of it.

It is the only method to effectively control the mosquitoes that cause malaria

It is found naturally in several plant species

Which of the following terms is NOT correctly paired with its description?

Selective herbicides - kill all vegetation

Grass herbicides - safe for most plants

Broad-leaf herbicides - do not kill grasses

Nonselective herbicides - kill all vegetation

None of these

Monocultures __ the number of agricultural pests found in any one area due to the __ of the habitat.

Which of the following is a strategy to reduce pesticide use?

All of these choices are correct

Using improved pesticide application equipment

Adopting IPM practices

Applying pesticide only when needed

Removing subsidies that encourage pesticide use

Bioaccumulation is the buildup of a persistent pesticide in ___. Biomagnification is the buildup of a persistent pesticide in ___.

An individual organism's body; organisms at the top of the food chain

Living tissue: air, water and soil

Plants, animals

An individual's blood stream: an individual's fatty tissues

Oceans and seas: lakes and ponds

One of the fundamental premises associated with IPM is:

Education in agricultural strategies

Knowledge of the dates in which pesticide spraying should occur

Economic gain is foremost

The eradication of pest organisms

Perfect produce is best

Which type of insecticide is the most poisonous and is highly toxic to birds, bees and aquatic organisms?

First-generation pesticides are __ and second-generation pesticides are __.

Both inorganic compounds and botanicals - synthetic poisons

None of these are correct

Both inorganic compounds and botanicals- only inorganic compounds

Botanicals - organic compounds that contain phosphorous

Organic compounds containing chlorine - synthetic poisons

The two atmospheric gases most important to humans and other organisms are:

The two main human sources of primary air pollutants are:

The difference between primary and secondary air pollutants is that primary air pollutants:

Are smaller, primary molecules

Are not harmful to humans, whereas secondary air pollutants may be toxic to humans

Are the direct result of natural processes, whereas secondary air pollutants are the result of human activity

Only affect plants, while secondary pollutants affect plants and animals

Enter the atmosphere directly, whereas secondary pollutants form from other substances released into the atmosphere.

Which of the following air pollutants is correctly paired with one of its major effects?

Sulfur oxides - acid precipitation

Particulate matter - production of photochemical smog

Carbon oxides - corrosion of metal

Hydrocarbons - reduce visibility

Nitrogen oxides - blocks UV radiation

Air pollution is a greater health threat to children than adults because:

All of these choices are correct

Children need more oxygen than adults

Children have a higher metabolic rate than adults

Children breathe more air per round of body weight than adults

Children's lungs are still developing

Electrostatic precipitators, and scrubbers in smokestacks, are used primarily to remove which air pollutant?

Lead in the atmosphere has decreased significantly since the 1970s primarily due to:

The invention of the catalytic converter

Increased use of scrubbers in coal-fired power plants

The phasing out of leaded paint in buildings

New CAFE standards for automobiles

Replacing leaded gasoline with unleaded gasoline

Chlorofluorocarbons such as CFC-12 are released into the atmosphere by:

In the absence of air pollution control devices, which of the following is the most significant source of sulfur dioxide?

Which of the following is NOT an effect of acid deposition?

Decline in aquatic animal populations

Destruction of monuments and buildings

Forest decline

Mutations and skin cancer

Decreased hatching success in some birds

Acid deposition has impacted:

All of these choices are correct

The Washington Monument in D.C.

Adirondacks of New York State

Tree health in the Appalachian

The Black Forest of Germany

Urban areas receive less sunlight than rural areas, partly as a result of greater quantities of __ in the air.

Air pollution has been linked to all of the following human health problems except:

Potential development of emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Inflammation of the respiratory tract

Impaired reflexes and increased drowsiness

Increased susceptibility to West Nile

Suppression of the immune system

Land conversion, such as when tropical forests are logged or burned, releases what substance(s) into the air?

A situation in which a change in some conditions triggers a response that counteracts, or reverses, the changed condition is called

The greenhouse effect occurs because:

Sulfur emissions from smokestacks and volcanoes continue to occur

Carbon dioxide and other trace gases trap infrared radiation in the Earth's atmosphere

The gases produced by human actives allow significantly more heat to pass out of the Earth's atmosphere

Greenhouse gases released interact chemically to produce excess heat

There are too many greenhouses scattered across the Earth's surface

Which of the following is not a predicted outcome of global climate change?

Major thawing of glaciers and the polar ice caps:

All of these statements are correct

Will only impact those few people that live within 150 km of a coastline

Will contribute to a rise in sea level because of thermal expansion of the warming ocean

Will result in an estimated 150 cm increase in sea level by 2100. According to IPCC estimate

Is occurring as the result of excess aerosols in the atmosphere

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