Car7(pathologie de l'orte)

Doppler segmental pressure provides objective baseline to follow the progression of the disease process or postoperative cours Which one of the followings presence and severity is being identified?

Limitations of Doppler segmental pressure are it cannot precisely localize the area of obstruction, although it can identify a general location. What cannot be discriminated by Doppler segmental?

Limitations of Doppler segmental pressure are it cannot precisely localize the area of obstruction, although it can identify a general location and difficult to discriminate between -

Limitations of Doppler segmental pressure are it cannot precisely localize the area of obstruction, although it can identify a general location and may show falsely elevated Doppler pressure in those patients with renal disease and -

It is essential that the patient has rested at least 20 minutes prior to the Doppler segmental pressure test. When does it become essential?

It is essential that the patient has rested at least 20 minutes prior to the Doppler segmental pressure test. Just walking in to the test can reduce the amount of blood flow to the extremities if in fact the patient does have -

The patient is positioned supine with extremities at the same level as the heart so that hydrostatic pressure cannot falsely elevate the blood pressure measurement. What is hydrostatic pressure?

The patient is positioned supine with extremities at the same level as the heart so that hydrostatic pressure cannot falsely elevate the blood pressure measurement. Which of the following is not appropriate position to facilitate the lower extremity evaluation?

When a wave is reflected from a moving target the frequency of the wave received differs from that of the transmitted wav What is the name of this difference?

When a wave is reflected from a moving target the frequency of the wave received differs from that of the transmitted wav Whenever there is relive motion between the source and the receiver of the sound, there is -

Blood is the moving target and the transducer the stationary sourc Depending on direction of flow relative to the Doppler beam, the reflected frequency is higher or lower than the-

The Doppler probe must be positioned on the long axis of the vessel. There is appropriate angle of insonation to the skin surface; this angle tends to work fairly well. What is the angle?

Cuff artifact resulting in inaccurate pressure measurement can occur if the cuff size is inappropriate for the size of the extremity. When the blood pressure does artifactually lower and artifactually higher respectively?

Cuff artifact resulting in inaccurate pressure measurement can occur if the cuff size is inappropriate for the size of the extremity. Bilateral brachial are obtained using blood pressure cuffs-

Cuff artifact resulting in inaccurate pressure measurement can occur if the cuff size is inappropriate for the size of the extremity. Bilateral brachial are obtained using blood pressure cuffs 12X40 cm bladders. What is being utilized?

Cuff artifact resulting in inaccurate pressure measurement can occur if the cuff size is inappropriate for the size of the extremity. Appropriate sized blood pressure cuffs are utilized as four cuff techniques. What is not included in four cuff techniques?

All cuffs should be placed straight on the extremity site and fit snugly so that bladder inflation quickly transmits the pressure in to the -

All cuffs should be placed straight on the extremity site and fit snugly so that bladder inflation quickly transmits the pressure in to the tissu Where does a loose cuff create additional space?

At what times the width of the pneumatic cuff should be at least greater than the diameter of the limb so that the artery under evaluation can be compressed when the bladder is inflated?

At what percent the width of the pneumatic cuff should be at least greater than the diameter of the limb so that the artery under evaluation can be compressed when the bladder is inflated?

The width of the pneumatic cuff should be at least 20% greater than the diameter of the limb so that the artery under evaluation can be compressed when the bladder is inflate What must be compressed to avoid the falsely elevated pressure?

If the cuff bladder is too wide for the extremity segment being evaluated, what will be the blood pressure measurement?

If the cuff bladder is too narrow for the extremity segment being evaluated, what will be the blood pressure measurement?

The relationship between the size of the extremity and the size of the cuff bladder encircling the extremity is critical for measuring -

What blood pressure is expected when the narrow cuffs are purposely used on the thigh in order to obtain two separate blood pressure readings?

Falsely elevated blood pressure is expected when the narrow cuffs are purposely used on the thigh in order to obtain two separate blood pressure readings. What will a narrow cuff secondary to body habitus produce?

The use of two thigh cuff is advantageous in that provides proximal and distal thigh pressure measurement. The disadvantage is that artifactually elevated pressures are obtaine What does it mean?

The bladder of the cuff should be placed over the artery. This is especially important when the bladder does not encircle the -

Ideally, the bladder of the cuff should encircle the limb’s circumferenc Where should be the bladder of the cuff placed when the bladder does not encircle the limb as it is important?

The use of two thigh cuff is advantageous in that provides proximal and distal thigh pressure measurement. The disadvantage is that artifactually elevated pressures are obtaine Why the disadvantages occur?

What is the technique that involves the use of one large cuff placed as high as possible on the thigh and satisfies the recommended width-girth relationship, it is so wide that one can fit on the thigh?

The three cuff technique involves the use of one large cuff placed as high as possible on the thigh and satisfies the recommended width-girth relationship, it is so wide that one can fit on the thigh. What is the advantage?

The three cuff technique involves the use of one large cuff placed as high as possible on the thigh and satisfies the recommended width-girth relationship. Where do the remaining two cuffs in the three cuff technique applied?

Doppler signal are obtained and evaluated for the posterior tibial artery, dorsalis pedis artery. For which artery Doppler signal is obtained and evaluated if needed?

A 45-60 degree angle of insonation to the vessel is optimal and necessary to obtain the clearest and best possible signal. What will be the angle of insonation behind the knee in relation to the skin surface because of vessel angle?

What pressures are obtained bilaterally by using a handheld sphygmomanometer with manual inflation or a computerized system with automatic inflation and digital display?

Usually the higher of the two pedal Doppler pressures is used to obtain the remainder of the certain pressure in the leg beginning with the calf level. What is that certain pressure?

To determine the measurements of pressures in calf or below knee the examiner use the higher of the posterior tibial artery pressures and-

It is important to start at the ankle level and then to move proximally at a time to eliminate the possibility of underestimating the measurement of -

The high-thigh cuff is inflated to above systole and then slowly deflated to determine the blood pressur If the cuff is quickly deflated, immediately followed by inflation of the next cuff, there is not enough time for arterial blood to completely normalize in the leg. What would be the blood pressure like, obtained this way?

When a full extremity study is not required, the posterior tibial artery and dorsalis pedis artery are used for determining what?

Complete cessation of blood flow should be accomplished by inflating the cuff beyond the audible Doppler arterial signal and the cuff should be inflated -

In order to determine how high to take the inflation pressure, note the higher brachial systolic pressure and then increase inflation pressure

The higher brachial pressure is used because if there is a subclavian stenosis present unilaterally, with the affected side being lower there would be a systolic pressure differenc What would be the difference?

If pressure measurements need t O be repeated, the cuff should be fully deflated for about a minute prior to repeat so arterial flow stabilizes, what will happen otherwise?

Which pressure is recorded as the pressure at which the first audible Doppler arterial signal returns, similar to listening first audible sound when taking a brachial blood pressure with a stethoscope?

To avoid unreliable results blood pressure and comments regarding difficulty with the study should be documente What is the meaning of this line?

The ankle/brachial index (ABI) is calculated by dividing the ankle pressure by the higher of the two brachial pressures. Which one is not included as additional terms for this index which utilize the same formula?

Incompressible vessels have falsely elevated and therefore inaccurate pressures. What is considered to be the result of incompressible vessels, as are not reproducible?

Incompressible vessels have falsely elevated and therefore inaccurate pressures. What is indicated by ankle/brachial index (ABI) > 1.0?

Incompressible vessels have falsely elevated and therefore inaccurate pressures. What is the finding if the ankle/brachial index (ABI) is 0.5-0.9?

Incompressible vessels have falsely elevated and therefore inaccurate pressures. What is the finding if the ankle/brachial index (ABI) > 0.9-1.0?

Incompressible vessels have falsely elevated and therefore inaccurate pressures. An ABI of > 1.3-1.5 is considered to be the result of incompressible vessels, as are not reproducible (112 mmHg when repeated). What is the measurement of pressure of one time?

From which highest pressure normally the ankle systolic pressure is the same as or greater than that pressure

The Doppler segmental pressure study usually not combined with -

What is the range of ankle/brachial index (ABI) if the patient usually suffers from rest pain?

It is better at predicting symptoms at rest if there are those who feel that an absolute ankle pressure which is less than 50 mmHg approximately rather than the ABI -

What is the value of ankle/brachial index that represents single segment involvement and that lesser values are more indicative of multiple lesions?

What would be suggested if a decrease pressure of > 30 mmHg between two consecutive levels?

When do you can suggest that patient has obstructive disease at or above the level in the leg with lower pressure?

Horizontal pressures are less important when compared to vertical segmental pressure differences. When do horizontal pressure differences no longer valid?

As limb girth increases from the ankle to the thigh, pressure measurement also increases. What is normally the high-thigh pressure in the average-size limb?

As limb girth increases from the ankle to the thigh, pressure measurement also increases. The above knee and below knee systolic pressure should be the same as or -

With the three cuff technique the large, single cuff segmental pressure is normally similar to the highest brachial pressur Why does it happen?

Although wide-girth cuff usually yields a more accurate pressure, it does not allow differentiation of -

What is the pressure level for foot ulcer healing when foot and toe ulcer fail to heal?

For which of the following reasons resting value are compares to those after exercise (if no limitations pr contradictions exist) or after hyperemia ( an alternate means of stressing the peripheral circulatory system)?

Which is the preferable test because it produces physiologic stress that reproduces a patient’s ischemic symptoms?

Which of the followings are not contradictions and limitations of exercise testing?

How long the patient walks on a constant-treadmill at ≤12% elevation and 1.5 MPH, after resting values are obtained in exercise testing?

Some patients who complain of claudication have to stop walking because of conditions other than leg pain. What is not included as other condition?

Postexcercise Doppler pressures are obtained from the higher brachial blood pressur In exercise testing to capture the maximum pressure drop, where the pressure is first measured?

How long a process can take to obtain postexcercise ABI immediately and then every two minutes until preexcercise pressures are once again attained?

What can be suggested if ankle pressure that drop too low or unrecordable levels immediately after exercise and then increase to resulting levels in 2 to 6 minutes?

What can be suggested if ankle pressure that drop too low or unrecordable levels immediately after exercise and remain reduced or unrecordable for up to 12 minutes or more?

What the name of the alternate method is for stressing the peripheral circulation that may indicate when the patient cannot walk long enough, uses a cane or walker, has pulmonary problems, has poor cardiac status or other situations?

If the patient has known severe arterial disease in one extremity and moderate arterial disease in the other. With walking, the extremity with the severe disease will force the patient to stop sooner, making it impossible to determine what the actual response would be in the other extremity. What test would be essential to perform to test both extremities for a truer comparison?

After treadmill exercise, ankle systolic pressures in normal limbs do not decreas But what is the range of transient pressure decrease occurs at the ankles of normal limbs after reactive hyperemia?

Which testing is considered by many to be preferable test because it produces a physiological stress that produces a patient’s ischemic symptoms?