Georgraphy

Desertification

The clearing of earths forests on a massive scale

Process where weathered material is transported and deposited elsewhere by water, wind and mass wasting

The persistent degradation of dryland ecosystems so that in some cases, areas become desert like

Biosphere

Layer of gases surrounding the Earth, held in place by gravity

The sum of all ecosystems - the life on earth

Human habitat on earth

Cinder cone

Volcanoes which violently eject gas and lava from a single vent in a crater to form a steep circular or oval cone of cinders, simplest type of volcano

Volcanoes with usually symmetrical steep-sided cones made up of alternating layers of lava flows, and solid material ejected under pressure from the volcano

Converging

Process where weathered material is transported and deposited elsewhere by water, wind and mass wasting

Moving towards each other

Dormant volcano

Volcanoes with usually symmetrical steep-sided cones made up of alternating layers of lava flows, and solid material ejected under pressure from the volcano

Volcanoes which violently eject gas and lava from a single vent in a crater to form a steep circular or oval cone of cinders, simplest type of volcano

Volcano that is not currently erupting but is expected to erupt again in the future

Contour line

The vertical space between contours, usually indicated in metres

An imaginary line on the ground that joins all places of the same height above sea level

Section of earth where water is solid

Contour interval

The vertical space between contours, usually indicated in metres

An imaginary line on the ground that joins all places of the same height above sea level

Section of earth where water is solid

Degradation

The clearing of Earth's forests on a massive scale

Process where weathered material is transported and deposited elsewhere by water, wind and mass wasting

The deterioration in qualtiy of an object or process. For example, land degredation is the decline in land quality when it becomes unstable

Fault line

The surface of a fracture forming a fault

The movement of rock along a fracture in the Earths crust

Lahar

Molten rock found within or below the Earths crust

Molten rock or magma that has reached the earths surface

A mixture of volcanic materials and water which then flows downhill

Mudslides

Magma

Molten rock or magma that has reached the earths surface

Molten rock found within or below the Earths crust

A mixture of volcanic materials and water which then flows downhill (mudslides)

Tephra

When water flows along a linear feature causing downward erosion

Process where weathered material is transported and deposited elsewhere by water, wind and mass wasting

A general term for fragments of material that become airborne during volcanic eruption

Pacific ring of fire

A horse-shaped area where several tectonic plates meet around the edge of the Pacific Ocean, resulting in earthquakes and volcanoes

The original supercontinent continent consisted of all land masses before they were split by continental drift

A general term for fragments of material that become airborne during volcanic eruption

Pyroclastic flow

The original supercontinent continent consisted of all land masses before they were split by continental drift

Mixture of hot, solid material of various sizes (from ash to boulders) and gases that erupt from a volcano at high speed

The surface of a fracture forming a fault

Subduction

Broken down rock as a result of weathering

Layer of gases surrounding the Earth, held in place by gravity

Converging of tectonic plates result in one edge of tectonic plates results in one edge of a tectonic plate being forced below the edge of another

Statovolacano

Made up of alternating layers of lava flows, and solid material ejected under pressure from the volcano

Formed by very fluid lava that flows easily resulting in a landform which is very broad at the base and has gentle slopes

Volcano that is not currently erupting but is expected to erupt again in the future

Shield volcano

Made up of alternating layers of lava flows, and solid material ejected under pressure from the volcano

Formed by very fluid lava that flows easily resulting in a landform which is very broad at the base and has gentle slopes

Volcano that is not currently erupting but is expected to erupt again in the future

Georgraphy

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