Basic science Q 201 to Q 276 End x

201 A primary procedure for diagnosis of fecal parasites is a stained smear of feces. For some parasitic infections, however, other specimens may be more productive. G. Lamblia is best diagnosed by

202 histolytica infection is best diagnosed by

203 The best method for the detection of Strongyloides larvae is

204 Ascaris are best observed in human specimens by which one of the following?

205 A butcher, who is fond of eating raw hamburger, develops chorioretinitis; a Sabin-Feldman dye test is positive. This patient is most likely infected with

206 A fur trapper complains of sore muscles, has swollen eyes, and reports eating bear meat on a regular basis. He is at risk for

207 A student from Phnom Penh has had abdominal pain for 2 years; he is used to swim in Sekong/Stung Treng river. Which of the following should you be in your differential diagnosis?

208 A teenager who works in a dog kennel after school has had a skin rash, eosinophilia, and an enlarged liver and spleen for 2 years. The most likely cause of this infection is

209 Certain parasites are found most commonly in particular body contents. A helminth that is naturally transmitted by ingestion of pork, bear, or walrus meat could be detected in

210 A tissue-dwelling trematode that may be found in feces can also be detected in

211 A parasite resembling malaria that infects both animals and humans and is carried by the same tick that transmits B. burgdorferi (the bacterium that causes Lyme disease) would most likely be observed in

212 Finding HBsAg positive and HBeAg positive reflects

213 Finding HBsAg positive, HBeAg positive, and IgM core antibody pos- itive reflects

214 Finding antibodies to HBsAg reflects

215 The association between low birth weight and maternal smoking during pregnancy can be studied by obtaining smoking histories from women at the time of the first prenatal visit and then subsequently assessing and assigning birth weight at delivery according to smoking histories. What type of study is this?

216 Which of the following measures is used frequently as a denominator to calculate the incidence rate of a disease?

217 Among women aged 18 to 34 in a community, weight is normally distributed with a mean of 52 kg and a standard deviation of 7.5 kg. What percentage of women will have a weight over 59.5 kg?

218 In nine families surveyed, the numbers of children per family were 4, 6, 2, 2, 4, 3, 2, 1, and 7. The mean, median, and mode numbers of children per family are, respectively

219 In the study of the cause of a disease, the essential difference between an experimental study and an observational study is that in the experimental investigation

220 In a study of the cause of lung cancer, patients who had the dis ease were matched with controls by age, sex, place of residence, and social class. The frequency of cigarette smoking was then compared in the two groups. What type of study was this?

221 The incidence rate of lung cancer is 120/100,000 person years for smokers and 10/100,000 person years for nonsmokers. The prevalence of smoking is 20% in the community.What is the relative risk of developing lung cancer for smokers compared with nonsmokers?

222 A research team wishes to investigate a possible association between smokeless tobacco and oral lesions among professional baseball players. At spring training camp, they ask each baseball player about current and past use of smokeless tobacco, cigarettes, and alcohol, and a dentist notes the type and extent of the lesions in the mouth. What type of study is this?

223 You are preparing a report to present to the MoH on the declining rates of gonorrhea in your province in both men and women over the last 10 years. Which type of graph would best illustrate the data?

224 Select an appropriate measure of frequency that describes the number of deaths in the first 28 days of life per 1000 live births in 1 year.

225 Select an appropriate measure of frequency that describes the number of deaths under the age of 1 year per 1000 live births in 1 year.

226 Select an appropriate measure of frequency that describes the number of deaths between the ages of 28 days and 11 months per 1000 live births in 1 year.

227 Comparison of the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in medical and dental students. Select an appropriate statistical test to analyze the data that match above description

228 Death occurs in 10% of cases of meningococcal meningitis. Choose statement below that match rate above.

229 Approximately 9 people die each year in a country for every 1000 estimated to be alive.Choose statement below that match rate above.

230 Eighty percent of susceptible household contacts of a child with chicken pox develop this disease. Choose statement below that match rate above.

231 Children between the ages of 1 and 5 have an average of eight colds per year. Choose statement below that match rate above.

232 Each individual of the total group has an equal chance of being selected.Select the correct term that match above description of a sampling procedure.

233 Households are selected at random, and every person in each household is included in the sample. Select the correct term that match above description of a sampling procedure.

234 A new test for chlamydial infections of the cervix is introduced. Half of the women who are tested have a positive test. Compared with the gold standard of careful cultures, 45% of those with a positive test are infected with chlamydia, and 95% of those with a negative test are free of the infection. Match with the correct percentage with the epidemiologic terms, Sensitivity of the test.

235 A new test for chlamydial infections of the cervix is introduced. Half of the women who are tested have a positive test. Compared with the gold standard of careful cultures, 45% of those with a positive test are infected with chlamydia, and 95% of those with a negative test are free of the infection. Match with the correct percentage with the epidemiologic terms, Specificity of the test.

236 A new test for chlamydial infections of the cervix is introduced. Half of the women who are tested have a positive test. Compared with the gold standard of careful cultures, 45% of those with a positive test are infected with chlamydia, and 95% of those with a negative test are free of theinfection. Match with the correct percentage with the epidemiologic terms, Prevalence of chlamydial infection in that community. A new test for chlamydial infections of the cervix is introduced. Half of the women who are tested have a positive test. Compared with the gold standard of careful cultures, 45% of those with a positive test are infected with chlamydia, and 95% of those with a negative test are free of the infection. Match with the correct percentage with the epidemiologic terms, Predictive value of a positive test

237 A new test for chlamydial infections of the cervix is introduced. Half of the women who are tested have a positive test. Compared with the gold standard of careful cultures, 45% of those with a positive test are infected with chlamydia, and 95% of those with a negative test are free of the infection. Match with the correct percentage with the epidemiologic terms, Predictive value of a negative test

238 Choose the type of measurement scale for Birth Weight.

239 Choose the type of measurement scale for Type of medical specialty.

240 Choose the type of measurement scale for Year of birth.

241 Which of the following vaccines is CONTRAINDICATED during pregnancy?

242 A 32yearold farmer presents to the emergency room with a crushing injury of the index finger and thumb that occurred while he was working with machinery in his barn. Records show that he received three doses of Td in the past, and that his last dose was given when he was 25 years old. In addition to proper wound cleaning and management, which of the following is the most appropriate prevention intervention?

243 An 18yearold sexually active college student presents with complaints of lower abdominal pain and irregular bleeding for five days. She has no fever. She uses oral contraceptives as method of birth control. Upon examination, the cervix is friable; there is cervical motion tenderness and adnexal tenderness. The pregnancy test is negative.

244 Which patient is most likely to become a chronic carrier following an acute episode of hepatitis B?

245 The medical evaluation of a 25yearold intravenous drug user reveals elevated liver enzymes and a positive antiHBsAg. The most likely cause of the abnormal liver profile is hepatitis

246 The time interval between entry of an infectious agent into a host and the onset of symptoms is called

247 Rabies, psittacosis, salmonellosis. Select the most common described mode of transmission with the above disease

248 Measles, tuberculosis, influenza. Select the most common described mode of transmission with the above disease

249 Select the most effective or principal means of control for Typhoid fever.

250 Select the most effective or principal means of control for Tetanus.

251 A 25yearold man presents with blurred vision, dysphagia, and dry mouth.Select the correct etiologic agent that match the descriptions above

252 A 4yearold girl presents with sore throat, fever, hoarseness, and drooling.Select the correct etiologic agent that match the descriptions above

253 Which of the following interventions is the most effective in the prevention and control of injuries?

254 A 52 year old woman presents to your office for her annual gynecological examination. She stopped menstruating about 6 months ago and is getting some hot flashes. Her history reveals that she drinks one glass of wine per day and smokes about 10 cigarettes per day. She does not exercise much and is overweight. Her most important risk factor for developing osteoporosis is

255 Which of the following types of cancer is the most frequent cause of gynecologic cancer deaths?

256 A 50 year old woman comes for her periodical health examination. Her body mass index is 29 kg/m2. Her blood pressure is 120/80. She has no family history of cardiovascular disease. Her total cholesterol is 200 mg/dL (5.2 mmol/L), her HDL is 35 mg/dL (0.9 mmol/L), and her LDL is 100mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L). This patient is at highest risk for developing which of the following conditions?

257 A 50 year old woman comes for her periodical health examination. Her body mass index is 29 kg/m2. Her blood pressure is 120/80. She has no family history of cardiovascular disease. Her total cholesterol is 200 mg/dL (5.2 mmol/L), her HDL is 35 mg/dL (0.9 mmol/L), and her LDL is 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L). This patient’s weight increases the risk for which of the following cancers?

258 A 50 year old woman comes for her periodical health examination. Her body mass index is 29 kg/m2. Her blood pressure is 120/80. She has no family history of cardiovascular disease. Her total cholesterol is 200 mg/dL (5.2 mmol/L), her HDL is 35 mg/dL (0.9 mmol/L), and her LDL is 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L). The most appropriate initial intervention for weight loss is

259 Which of the following is the most important risk factor for developing cervical cancer?

260 35yearold woman presents to your office complaining of hair loss, bone pain, and dryness and fissures of the lips. She tells you that she has been taking large amount of vitamins in hopes of pre venting cancer and infections. Her symptoms are most likely caused by an excess of

261 A 20yearold patient presents to the office for contraception counseling. Her history reveals no past medical problems. Her physical and pelvic examination is normal. She is sexually active with the same partner for 9 months. Which of the following contraceptive methods would be most appropriate?

262 A 30yearold patient presents to your office for contraceptive counseling. She is divorced and has just started a new relationship. She wishes to use oral contraceptives because of their effectiveness. Her examination is normal. Which of the following factors would be considered a contraindication to their use?

263 The use of oral contracep tives will have the most impact on gynecological mortality by reduc ing the risk for which of the follow ing cancers?

264 Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a major public health issue, particularly for children. Which of the following conditions is most affected by ETS?

265 Which of the following groups of risk factors has been associated with endometrial cancer?

266 Which of the following types of diets may reduce the risk of developing cancer?

267 A 52yearold patient with chronic cough and shortness of breath is diagnosed with chronic obstructive lung disease. Which of the following factors is the most important contributor to this finding?

268 Which of the following public health interventions has been the most successful in preventing initiation of smoking or reducing the prevalence of smoking?

269 Public health efforts to pre vent injuries have been particularly successful in reducing deaths from

270 Which of the following acts as a cofactor in duodenal ulcer?

271 A 68yearold man with controlled hypertension complains of gradual impairment of vision. His history further reveals that he was recently diagnosed with mild adult onset diabetes that is also well controlled. He is a retired fisherman. The most likely cause of his visual impairment is

272 Which of the following is the most cost-effective and safe public health measure today to prevent dental caries?

273 Dermatitis, diarrhea, and delirium. Select the dietary deficiency that match each set of symptoms and signs.

274 Edema, neuropathy, and myocardial failure. Select the dietary deficiency that match each set of symptoms and signs.

275 Treating a pregnant woman infected with syphilis.Select the most appropriate level of prevention that match with description above.

276 Using condoms during sexual intercourse.Select the most appropriate level of prevention that match with description above.