Pharmacology exam 2 drugs
Pharmacology Mastery Quiz
Test your knowledge of pharmacology with our comprehensive quiz focused on various drug classes and their characteristics. Designed for students and professionals alike, this quiz covers essential information surrounding anti-infectives and antiretroviral medications.
- Proven knowledge on penicillin and its alternatives
- Understanding the role of each drug class
- Application of pharmacological principles in clinical settings
What are three characteristics of Penicillins?
The oldest and safest groups of anti-infectives and their mechanism of action is killing bacteria by disrupting their cell walls
The chemical structure of penicillin responsible for its antibacterial activity is called the beta-lactam ring
Allergic reactions occur in less than 10% of the population
Allergic reactions can be severe and lead to even death
What are four characteristics of Cephalosorins?
Similar in structure and function to penicillins and are one of the most widely prescribed anti-infective classes
They contain a beta-lactam ring
Are bacteriocidal and kill gram positive and gram negative bacteria by inhibiting cell wall synthesis
Used for people who can’t tolerate penicillins.
Are very deadly when combined with penicillin
Carries all of the adverse effects penicillin has as well as more
What are four characteristics of Nitromidazoles?
Effective against obligate or strict anaerobic microorganisms.
They’re found in gingival crevicular fluid in the periodontal pocket.
Works to inhibit nucleic acid synthesis leading to death of the organism.
Adjunctive treatment of refractory or chronic periodontal diseases due to having anti-inflammatory effects.
Commonly seen in mild cases of gingivitis
Are associated with the shrinking of alveolar bone
What are four characteristics of Tetracyclines?
Best to avoid giving to patients younger than 9 years old on account of teeth discoloration
Effective against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms and have one of the broadest spectrums of any class of antibiotics.
Bacteriostatic effect by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis
Have broad spectrums but are drugs of choice for few diseases
It can be used by infants but only at a specific age group
If taken at a young age they can permanently disfure the teeths entire appearance chemically wise
What are four characteristics of Macrolides?
Are a safe alternative to penicillin for many infections
Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis and may be either bactericidal or static.
Erythromycins are most effective against gram-positive bacteria and gram negative stains
Resistance to erythromycin is generally not a problem in short term therapy
Contains many of the adverse reactions penicillin contains
It can be used for dentistry because it's bacteriocidal nature can eliminate all invasive organisms
What are four characteristics of Lycomycins?
Also used in patients who need bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis but are allergic to penicillin.
Will be normally taken for dental infection such as a periodontal abscess or periodontal disease.
Primarily bacteriostatic but can be bactericidal in high doses
Clindamycin: Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subyunit on the bacteria. Effective against Gram positive organisms
Contains the same allergic attibutes as penicillin
Can be used for practically all different types of dental procedures to heal the gingiva
What are three characteristics of Aminoglycosides?
Bactericidal drug: Work by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis
Treatment of a number of aerobic gram negative bacteria, mycobacteria, and some protozoans
Narrow spectrum drugs that have the potential to cause serious toxicity
Is perfectly safe to use on comporomised patients due to their effectiveness
What are four characteristics of Fluoroquinolones?
Have wide clinical applications because of their broad spectrum of activity and relative safety
Also known as quinolones
Bacteriocidal and works by inhibiting bacterial DNA synthesis.
The majority of dental patients taking a fluroquinolone will most likely be taking it for chronic bronchitits
Can fully alter the color of teeth due to fluoride content
Can eventually cause dental fluorosis to future generations due to herditary
What are four characteristics of Sulfonamides?
Also known as slufa drugs, derived from sulfanilamide, a slufur containing chemical
Are bacteriostatic and work by binding and inhibiting the specific enzyme called dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS)
The enzyme Is critical for the synthesis of folate, an essential nutrient
Primarily used for treating UTI, ear infections, bronchitis, etc
Is commonly used for patients who are experiencing symptoms of IBS
Is mainly used for nonoperative medical procedures due to not being too efficient
What are two characteristics of Isoniazid?
Bactericidal only against actively growing tubercle bacilli
Primary risk or adverse side effect is hepatitis
Completely destroy and elimates and tuberculosis causing organisms
Due to effectiveness it only needs to be taken for a short period of time.
What are five characteristics of antiretroviral drugs?
Reduce HIV related morbidity and prolong survival
Improve quality of life
Restore and preserve natural functions of the immune system
Maximum suppression of viral load
Prevents transmission from mother to child in HIV infected pregnant patients
Very efficient and potent for infants
Which best describes Nucleoside/tide Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)?
This drug class works by inhibiting the action of reverse transcriptase, the viral enzyme that converts RNA into viral DNA.
Binds directly to the reverse transcriptase molecule and inhibit its ability to build viral DNA.
Block the final assembly of the HIV particle
Blocks the fusion of HIV to the CD4 receptor on the lymphocyte thus preventing progression to AIDs.
Which best describes Non-Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)?
Binds directly to the reverse transcriptase molecule and inhibit its ability to build viral DNA.
This drug class works by inhibiting the action of reverse transcriptase, the viral enzyme that converts RNA into viral DNA.
Block the final assembly of the HIV particle
Blocks the fusion of HIV to the CD4 receptor on the lymphocyte thus preventing progression to AIDs.
Which best describes Protease inhibitors (PI)?
Block the final assembly of the HIV particle
This drug class works by inhibiting the action of reverse transcriptase, the viral enzyme that converts RNA into viral DNA.
Binds directly to the reverse transcriptase molecule and inhibit its ability to build viral DNA.
Blocks the fusion of HIV to the CD4 receptor on the lymphocyte thus preventing progression to AIDs.
Which best describes Fusion inhibitors?
Blocks the fusion of HIV to the CD4 receptor on the lymphocyte thus preventing progression to AIDs.
This drug class works by inhibiting the action of reverse transcriptase, the viral enzyme that converts RNA into viral DNA.
Binds directly to the reverse transcriptase molecule and inhibit its ability to build viral DNA.
Block the final assembly of the HIV particle
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