Histology 3E
Endocrine System Mastery Quiz
Test your knowledge on the intricate workings of the endocrine system with this comprehensive quiz! Dive deep into the roles, structures, and fun
- 44 thought-provoking questions
- Multiple choice format for easy navigation
- Designed for all levels of understanding
What belongs together?
Triiodothyronine - thyroid
Glucagon - alpha cells in the islets of Langerhans
Triiodothyronine - parathyroid gland
Glucocorticosteroid (ACTH) - zona fasciculata of adrenal medulla
Which endocrine gland accumulates hormones outside of the cell?
Thyroid
B-cells of Langerhans
Parathyroid
Zona fasciculata cells of adrenal cortex
Pars nervosa of hypophysis
What is correct?
C-cells produce and release calcitonin
Androgens are produced and released by cells of the adrenal medulla
Type B cells of langerhans islets produce glucagon
Neurohypophysis is composed of bipolar neurons
Correct pair:
Glucagon - alpha cells of islets of langerhans
Insulin - beta cells of islets of langerhans
Calcitonin - C-cells of thyroid
Herring bodies:
Contains oxytocin
Contains pituicytes
Contains ADH
Are present in the pancreas
Contains calcitonin
Endocrine system:
Beta cells of Langerhans islets produce insulin
Neurohypophysis contains unmyelinated axons
Epinephrine is produced in the adrenal cortex
Oxytocin is released from the adenohypophysis
Pituicytes are found in the neurohypophysis
Endocrine glands origin:
Thyroid - endoderm
Parathyroid gland - neural crest
Adenohypophysis - ectodermal epithelium of primitive mouth cavity
Adrenal medulla - neuroectoderm
Endocrine glands:
Parafollicular cells are present in the parathyroid gland
Alpha cells are the most numerous in the islets of Langerhans
Calcitonin has opposite properties to parathormone
Melatonin is secreted by basophilic cells of the adenohypophysis
Adrenal medulla has two layers
Endocrine system:
Beta cells of langerhans islets produce glucagon
Neurohypophysis contains only dendrites
Epinephrine is produced in the adrenal medulla
Norepinephrine is produced in the adrenal medulla
Androgens are produced in the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex
Endocrine system origin:
Thyroid - ectoderm
Parathyroid gland - endoderm
Adenohypophysis - ectoderm of the oropharynx
C-cells - neural crest
Pars intermedia - posterior wall of Rathkes pouch
What is true regarding the endocrine system?
Parafollicular or C-cells produce and release parathormone
Alpha cells are the most numerous in the islets of Langerhans
Steroid producing cells can be found in the adrenal cortex
Neurohypophysis synthesizes oxytocin
Adenohypophysis synthesizes hormones
What is correct?
Neurohypophysis arises from the mesoderm
Adenohypophysis arises from the endoderm
Neurohypophysis develops from the neuroectoderm
All parts of the hypophysis have the same origin
Choose correct pair:
Glucocorticoids - alpha cells
Dehydroepiandrosterone - zona reticular of adrenal cortex
Aldosterone - adrenal medulla
Parathormone - parathyroid gland
What is true regarding the endocrine system?
Androgens are produced and released by cells of the adrenal medulla
Chief cells of parathyroid gland produce parathyroid hormone; PTH
Glial cells of neurohypophysis are also called pinealocytes
Neurohypophysis contains axons of hypothalamic neurons and glial cells
Neurohypophysis is composed of bipolar neurons
The main regulator of the thyroid function is ACTH
B cells of Langerhans islets produce glucagon
C-cells produce and release calcitonin
What is true about the thyroid?
C cells produce parathormone
Colloid is the storage of thyroglobulin
Has a follicular structure
Releases T3
Releases T4
Calcitonin:
Increases the concentration of calcium in the blood
Increases the storage of calcium in the bones
Is produced by the pars distalis of the hypophysis
Is produced in pineal gland
Works antagonistically to PTH
Reduces the storage of calcium in the bones
Adrenal glands:
Cortex is separated from medulla by connective tissue
Medulla releases and accomulates catecholamines, epinephrine and norepinephrine
Medulla releases and accumulates mineralocorticoids
Medulla releases and accumulates oxytocin
Zona fasciculata of the cortex is ACTH dependent
Zona glomerulosa of the cortex is ACTH dependent
Zona reticularis of the cortex is ACTH dependent
Hypophysis:
Herring bodies store oxytocin and FSH
In the neurohypophysis we find unmyelinated axons
In the pars intermedia POMC is produced
Oxytocin is storred in herrings bodies
Pituicytes are cells of the neurohypophysis
TSH is stored in the pars intermedia
TSH is stored in the pars nervosa
TSH is stored in the pars distalis
What is true regarding the endocrine system?
Glial cells are also called pinealocytes
Neurohypophysis contains axons of hypothalmic neurons and glial cells
C-cells produce and release calcitonin
The main regulator of thyroid function is ACTH
The pineal gland:
Is covered by pia mater
Produces ADH
Produces melatonin
Produces PRL
Produces TSH
Produces vasotocin
POMC is:
Accumulated in the colloid of thyroid follicles
Accumulated in Herring bodies
Are precursors for MSH
Are produced by corticotropic cells
Released from the adenohypophysis
Secretory product of adrenal cortex
Which structure undergoes intense involution during postnatal life?
Fetal cortex of adrenal glands
Pars intermedia of pituitary glands
Permanent cortex of adrenal glands
Pineal gland
Thyroid gland
Thyroglossal duct appears during development of:
Adenohypophysis
Adrenal gland
Parathyroid gland
Pineal gland
Thyroid gland
What is true?
Cortex of adrenal glands develop from mesothelium
Permanent cortex of andrenal gland undergo involution
Fetal cortex of adrenal gland undergo total involution
Posterior part of Rathkes pouch develops into pars intermedia
The infundibulum give rise to the medial eminece
What is true?
C-cells of the thyroid arise from the ultimobranchial body
Gonadotroph of adenohypophysis develops from ultimobrachial body
Langerhans islets arise from cells of excretory pancreatic ducts
Neurohypophysis arise from the neuroectoderm of the 3rd ventricle
The main mass of the pancreas is made from the dorsal pancreatic bud
What is true about the thyroid?
Releases T3 and T4
Has a follicular structure
Colloid is the storage for thyroglobulin
C-cells produce calcitonin
Synthesis of hormones needs the presence of iodide ions
C-cells arise from ultimobranchial body
Thyroglossal duct appears during development of thyroid gland
T3 is the most abundant compound of the circulating thyroid hormone
Match endocrine cells and product:
Thyroxin; T4 - follicular cells of thyroid gland
Growth hormone - somatotropic cells of the pars distalis
Epinephrine - adrenal medulla
Corticotropin - corticotropic cells of the adenohypophysis
TSH - follicular cells of the thyroid gland
Cortisol - zona fasciculata of adrenal gland
PRL - mammatropic cells of pars distalis
In the neurohypophysis you can find:
Secretory cells
Herrings bodies
Unmyelinated axons of secretory neurons
Parafollicular cells
Pituicytes
Parathyroid gland:
Inferior parathyroid glands develop from the 4th pharyngeal pouch
Develops from the ultimobranchial bodies
Their development depends on the thymus development
Inferior parathyroid gland develops from the 3rd pharyngeal pouch
Oxytocin:
Acts on the myoepithelial cells of the mammary gland
Acts on uterine smooth muscle cells
The release is inhibited by somatostatin
Is produced by corticotropic cells
Is produced in the neurohypophysis
TSH:
Acts on the myoepithelial cells of the mammary gland
Acts on uterine smooth muscle cells
Stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones
Is regulated by TRH
Is produced in the neurohypophysis
Cortisol:
Is produced in the zona glomerulosa
Is produced in the zona fasciculata
Its production depends on ACTH
Its production depends on RAA
Parathyroid hormone:
Is produced by chief cells of the thyroid
Is produced by c-cells in the thyroid
Increases the concentration of calcium in the blood
Decreases the concentration of calcium in the blood
Its receptors are located in osteoblasts
Which cells are present in the neurohypophysis?
Thyrotropic cells
Gonadotropic cells
Sonatotropic cells
Pituicytes
Pinalocytes
Hypophysis:
Pituicytes are cells of the adenohypophysis
In the neurohypophysis we find unmyelinated axons
In the pars intermedia POMC is produced
Oxytocin is stored in herrings bodies
Thyroid:
C-cells arise from the ultimobrachial body
Thyroglossal duct appears during the development of the thyroid gland
Adrenal gland:
Cortex is separated from the medulla by CT
Zona reticularis of adrenal cortex produces androgens
Contains only medulla in adults
Each layer of the cortex contains steroidogenic cells
Zona reticularis of cortex is ACTH dependent
Zona fasciculata of the cortex is ACTH dependent
Which hormones are secreted in the neurohypophysis?
TRH and GnRH
ADH and Oxytocin
T3 and T4
Prolactin and ACTH
Rening glucocorticoids
What is true regarding endocrine glands?
The most numerous cell type in humal islets of Langerhans are B-cells
ACTH is the secretory product of the adrenal zona reticularis
ACTH is the secretory product of adrenal zona glomerulosa
Thyroglobulin is stored in colloid of thyroid folliculi
Melatonin is secreted by basophil cells of the pars distalis
What is true regarding the pineal gland?
It releases melatonin
It releases vasotocin
It has unmyelinated axons
It is covered by pia mater
What is true about the thyroid gland?
Releases T3 and T4
It has thyroglobulin stored as colloid in the thyroid folliculi
POMC:
Precursor of MSH
Produced by corticotropic cells
Precursor of lipotropin
Precursor of ACTH
Precursor of Beta-endorphine
Released by the adenohypophysis
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