CC1 LECTURE
σ˜ Mr John Ford, 60y.o, came for a general check-up yesterday with the following laboratory results: TG = 200mg/dl; Total Cholesterol = 200mg/dl; HDL = 80mg/dl; What is his current risk for the development of coronary heart diseases?
No relation
Variable
Low
High
Juan de la Cruz, 50y.o, came for a general check-up yesterday with the following laboratory results: TG = 200mg/dl; Total Cholesterol = 200mg/dl; HDL = 80mg/dl; How much are the patient’s LDL & VLDL by Friedewald computation?
LDL = 80mg; VLDL = 40mg/dl
LDL = 30.8mg; VLDL = 89.2mg/dl
LDL = 89.2mg; VLDL = 30.8mg/dl
LDL = 40mg; VLDL = 80mg/dl
Patient Maria, 40y.o, came for a general check-up yesterday with the following laboratory results: BUN = 15mg/dl; Creatinine before heating = 1.0mg/dl; Creatinine after heating = 2.0mg/dl. Evaluate his status as to his B/C ratio:
Renal azotemia
Postrenal azotemia
Normal kidney function
Prerenal azotemia
The creatinine clearance test is routinely used to assess the glomerular filtration rate. Given the following information for an average size adult, calculate the creatinine clearance.Urine creatinine-120 mg/dLPlasma creatinine-1.2 mg/dLUrine volume for 24 hours-1520 mL
Renal 94.7 mL/min
10.6 mL/min
63.3 ml/min
105.6 mL/min
Which of the following statement can be associated with the enzymatic assay of ammonia?
Increase in absorbance monitored at 340 nm
NAD required as a cofactor
NAD required as a cofactor
2nd & 3rd choices only
All choised
Reaction catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase
GOUT comprises a heterogenous group of disorders characterized by the following EXCEPT:
Gallbladder stones
Hyperuricemia
Attacks of acute inflammatory arthritis
Deposition of monosodium urate crystals throughout the body
The following refer to the most popular method used to measure Urea EXCEPT:
It uses the coupled enzymatic reaction
It quantitates the NH4+ produced from the indirect procedure mediated by Urease
It employs the Berthelot reaction
Spectrophotometer
A patient’s blood has been standing for 2 hours, since the previous Med Tech on duty has left it beside the centrifuge by negligence. The next technologist performed the ammonia test which gives a result of 1.336 µg/mL. How much was its initial content and its actual interpretation?
1.136 µg/mL, increased
13.0 µg/mL, decreased
1.3036 µg/mL, increased
1.3 µg/mL, increased
Renal artery severe
Low B/C ratio with low urea & higher creatinine
High B/C ratio with normal creatinine
Low B/C ratios with Normal Creatinine
High B/C ratio with elevated creatinine
Stones clogging ureters
Low B/C ratio with low urea & higher creatinine
High B/C ratio with normal creatinine
Low B/C ratios with Normal Creatinine
High B/C ratio with elevated creatinine
Kidney diseases
Low B/C ratio with low urea & higher creatinine
High B/C ratio with normal creatinine
Low B/C ratios with Normal Creatinine
High B/C ratio with elevated creatinine
A balikbayan, 35y.o, came for a general check-up yesterday with the following laboratory results: BUN = 15mg/dl; Creatinine before heating = 1.0mg/dl; Creatinine after heating = 2.0mg/dl. How much is his serum Creatine value?
1.0mg/dl
0.6mg/dl
0.2mg/dl
1.4mg/dl
In the Berthelot reaction, a blue-indophenol compound is formed that is proportional to the quantity of urea in the specimen being analyzed. Falsely elevated urea values will occur with this procedure when the reaction mixture is contaminated by
Bacteria
Glucose
Ammonia
Protein
Ammonia is formed as a product of transmination and deamination of amino acids. To maintain the acid-base balance, it is necessary that the blood ammonia levels be kept within narrows limits. This is accomplished primarily by which of the following?
Synthesis of urea from ammonia
Excretion of ammonia in the urine
Synthesis of glutamine from ammonia
Excretion of ammonia in the bile
When the Jaffe reaction is employed as a kinetic assay to quantitate serum creatinine, which of the following is used in the analysis?
A Somogyi-Neson filtrate
The serum sample is used directly
A sulfosalicylic acid filtrate
A Folin-Wu filtrate
The following statements are true regarding Uric acid determination EXCEPT: *
It is readily oxidized to allantoin
Ethanol ingestion frequently increases the plasma concentration
It may be oxidized by alkaline phosphotungstate
Using the enzyme catalase remains the most specific method
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is an X-linked disorder due to the complete deficiency of
Uricase
Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase
Catalase
Xanthine oxidase
It is the principal source of renal ammoniagenesis. *
Histidine
Glutamine
Cysteine
Methionine
To quantitate the creatine concentration in a urine specimen, it is necessary to treat the urine in what manner?
Adjusting it to an acid pH and heating at 100oC
Adjusting it to an acid pH and heating at 37oC
Adjusting it to an acid pH and heating at 56oC
Adjusting it to an alkaline pH and heating at 37oC
This does NOT participate in the excretion of Urea: *
Liver
Skin
Kidneys
GI tract
In the Jaff reaction, the creatinine is treated with this solution to yield a bright orange-red complex:
Nitroprusside
Alkaline picrate
4-aminophenazone
Diacetyl monoxime
In the ultraviolet procedure for quantitating uric acid, what does the reaction between uric acid and uricase cause?
A destruction of uric acid
The formation of allantoin
An increase in absorbance
1ST & 3RD choices only
An admitted patient undergoing dialysis has a Blood Urea Nitrogen of 80mg/dL How would you expressed this in Urea mmol/L?
2.8 – 7.1mmol/L
35.7mmol/L
71.4mmol/L
28.56mmol
Liver Disease
Prerenal azotemia
Renal azotemia
Postrenal azotemia
Decreased Urea Production
Renal artery severe atherosclerosis
Prerenal azotemia
Renal azotemia
Postrenal azotemia
Decreased Urea Production
Stones clogging ureters
Prerenal azotemia
Renal azotemia
Postrenal azotemia
Decreased Urea Production
The following statements are true about Non-protein Nitrogenous Substances EXCEPT
The total plasma nitrogen concentration is between 250-400mg/dl
Urea is the major NPN in the plasma
They are products of catabolism of proteins, amino & nucleic acids.
NPN concentration of whole blood is 50% greater than that of the plasma
An analyte that may be quantitated by first adsorbing it onto a strongly acidic cation-exchanged resin and then eluting it off for participation in a colorimetric reaction:
Uric acid
Creatinine
Ammonia
Urea
Reference interval for serum creatinine concentration in children: *
0.3mg -1.0mg/dL
0.2-0.6mg/dL
0.6-1.5mg/dL
1.0 -2.0g/dL
The size of meat in the daily diet, as big as the following, is sufficient to provide man the protein requirement he needs for that day.
1 big matchbox size
1 big matchbox size
One half of a glass
1 small matchbox size
The Total Protein tested in the lab is a SUM of the following: *
Albumin + globulin + fibrinogen
Albumin + globulun
Globulin + fibrinogen
Any of the above
N Electrophoresis, the negative electrode is called the ____, while the positive electrode is called the _____
Anode; cathode
Cathode, anode
Any of the above
Proteins, as a long polypeptide chain of amino acids, have the following isoelectrical characteristics:
Both arms at each end are positively charged
Both arms at each end are negatively charged, anode
One arm at one end is positively charged, while the arm on the other end is negatively charged
The following are classified as proteins: *
Hemoglobin
Hormones
Enzymes
Antibodies
1st & 3rd choices only
2nd & 4th choices only
All of the above
The following are TRUE regarding Resting one whole day every week EXCEPT: *
Prolonged rest alters sleeping habits
Add years to life
Reduces stress & exhaustion
Reduces inflammation & risk of heart disease
Boosts the immune system
Most common cause of obstruction to the bile flow:
Atresia & strictures
Parasites
Gallstones
Spasms
Pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer
Hepatitis B may be transmitted in the following modes: *
From mother to child
Exposure to infected body fluids
Exposure to infected blood
Exposure to contaminated semen & vaginal secretions
Last 2 choices only
1st 2 choices only
All of the above
Total Bilirubin = ____________. *
B2 only
B1 + B2
B1 only
This Bilirubin is non-water soluble: *
Free Bilirubin
Total Bilirubin
Conjugated Bilirubin
The most common constituent of gallbladder stone: *
Bilirubin pigment
Bile acids
Uric acid
Cholesterol
The most common constituent of gallbladder stone: *
Bilirubin pigment
Bile acids
Uric acid
Cholesterol
Triglycerides conversion from mg/dl to mmol/L, multiply results by
88.6
38.7
0.01129
0.02586
Patients test for serum triglycerides this morning resulted to 220mg/dl. Later the afternoon, you remembered you didn't remove the free glycerol. How much should have been his result if only did its removal?
200-210 mg/dl
180-190 mg/dl
80-90 mg/dl
105-110 mg/dl
1.063 kg/L
LDL, HLD, proteins
Proteins
HDL, proteins
1.006 kg/L
LDL, HLD, proteins
Proteins
HDL, proteins
In determining the lipid profile, which procedure/ computations is not accpetable
VLDL-cholesterol=total cholesterol-infranant -cholesterol
LDL-cholesterol=infranant cholesterol-HLD-cholesterol
Determine first TAG, and total cholesterol HDL-cholesterol by chemical measn
Toal cholesterol=infranatant cholesterol-TAG
The following can interfere with enzymatic measurements for blood cholesterol, EXCEPT:
Icteric specimens
High doses of ascorbic acid
Free glycerol
Plant sterols in the circulation fo patients with B sitosterlemia
HDL
Form broad B band
Pre-B
B-globulins
A-globulins
Remain at origin
LDL
Form broad B band
Pre-B
B-globulins
A-globulins
Remain at origin
Thi colometric development for cholesterol assay produces red to reddish violet cholestadienyl
Baculo-David (NADH comsumption method)
Salwoski of zak reaction
Leibermann-burchardt reaction
Nagele-trinder reaction
This following statements refers to the interferences by bilirubin in cholesterol deternation EXCEPT:
It has been reported to decrease cholesterol values by 5-15%
It could react with an intermediate with the peroxidase reaction
It is significant only at concentration exceeding 5mg/dl
It may also interfere directly with chemical methods
This following statements refers to the interferences by bilirubin in cholesterol deternation EXCEPT:
It has been reported to decrease cholesterol values by 5-15%
It could react with an intermediate with the peroxidase reaction
It is significant only at concentration exceeding 5mg/dl
It may also interfere directly with chemical methods
This following statements refers to the interferences by bilirubin in cholesterol deternation EXCEPT:
It has been reported to decrease cholesterol values by 5-15%
It could react with an intermediate with the peroxidase reaction
It is significant only at concentration exceeding 5mg/dl
It may also interfere directly with chemical methods
This following statements refers to the interferences by bilirubin in cholesterol deternation EXCEPT:
It has been reported to decrease cholesterol values by 5-15%
It could react with an intermediate with the peroxidase reaction
It is significant only at concentration exceeding 5mg/dl
It may also interfere directly with chemical methods
This following statements refers to the interferences by bilirubin in cholesterol deternation EXCEPT:
It has been reported to decrease cholesterol values by 5-15%
It could react with an intermediate with the peroxidase reaction
It is significant only at concentration exceeding 5mg/dl
It may also interfere directly with chemical methods
This following statements refers to the interferences by bilirubin in cholesterol deternation EXCEPT:
It has been reported to decrease cholesterol values by 5-15%
It could react with an intermediate with the peroxidase reaction
It is significant only at concentration exceeding 5mg/dl
It may also interfere directly with chemical methods
This following statements refers to the interferences by bilirubin in cholesterol deternation EXCEPT:
It has been reported to decrease cholesterol values by 5-15%
It could react with an intermediate with the peroxidase reaction
It is significant only at concentration exceeding 5mg/dl
It may also interfere directly with chemical methods
This following statements refers to the interferences by bilirubin in cholesterol deternation EXCEPT:
It has been reported to decrease cholesterol values by 5-15%
It could react with an intermediate with the peroxidase reaction
It is significant only at concentration exceeding 5mg/dl
It may also interfere directly with chemical methods
This following statements refers to the interferences by bilirubin in cholesterol deternation EXCEPT:
It has been reported to decrease cholesterol values by 5-15%
It could react with an intermediate with the peroxidase reaction
It is significant only at concentration exceeding 5mg/dl
It may also interfere directly with chemical methods
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