Biological Diversity Final

In the absence of _____________, some national parks are witnessing an overabundance of elk and a decline in riparian vegetation, which affects songbirds and other groups of species – this is a form of non-target overexploitation.

True or False, climate change is predicted to have uniformly negative effects on biodiversity and human well-being.

Biomagnification refers to:

The discovery of “imposter fish” is an example of ______________________ in action:

True or False, all naturally patchy habitats exhibit metapopulation dynamics.

Sink populations do not always decline to extinction because (of):

Species that are especially susceptible to extinction through fisheries by-catch are

DDT led to the decline of Peregrine falcons primarily because it:

True or False, most genetic variation in Alpine Ibex (populations restricted to isolated mountain tops) is likely to be within populations and most genetic variation in mule deer is likely to be among populations.

When calculating “effective population size”, what are you explicitly taking into account?

Many nations overexploiting tuna stocks in the open ocean is an example of:

In addition to mutation, the other primary cause of genetic variation among individuals in a population is:

Chance fluctuation in allele frequencies in small somewhat isolated populations as a result of random sampling

Declines in fitness of hybrids due to “genetic swamping” of locally adaptive genes through gene flow or directed matings

Breeding between relatives resulting in an increased frequency of homozygous genotypes

The sum of the hereditary information carried by the individual

The genetic bottleneck that occurs when a small group of emigrants from one population starts a new subpopulation

All of the following characteristics make a species more susceptible to extinction from climate change EXCEPT:

Endocrine-disrupting compounds effect alligators by:

Deliberately moving a species to more suitable habitat to increase resilience to climate change is referred to as:

Bushmeat harvest has been underway for centuries – why is this only recently having substantial negative impacts on biodiversity?

Which scientist raised the alarm about the negative effects of DDT on the environment, leading to the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency?

Which species was introduced to Lake Victoria, Tanzania with far-reaching consequences for native fish and the well-being of local communities?

True or False, natural selection is more effective in dampening the effects of deleterious mutations in large populations relative to small populations.

Based on the exercise with pennies we did in class, how does the time frame (number of years or generations) over which you estimate extinction probability affect the results?

What are the two places in a cell from which DNA is extracted and used in conservation genetics?

Which of the following is true of assessing sage grouse population sizes through lek counts relative to genetic techniques? Lek counts:

The Gunnison Sage Grouse was determined to be a different species than the Greater Sage Grouse. This decision was based on:

An important distinction between conservation genetics and genomics is:

True or False, Ivory-billed woodpeckers were never very common, which probably places them at higher risk of extinction.

_________________________ is most frequently used to identify the circumstances that would lead to an extinction probability of less than 5% over the next 100 years.

Author and climate activist Bill McKibben argues that we have experienced “the end of nature” because:

True or False, species that exhibit exponential growth are strongly influenced by density-dependent factors.

The most likely reason(s) the golden toad went extinct was:

Climate change is likely to exacerbate the negative effects of _____________ on Hawaii’s birds:

Dr. Oyler-McCance found that Greater Sage Grouse subpopulations exhibited “isolation by distance”. This means:

In the case of shearwaters in Hawaii and arthropods in urban areas, light pollution is a form of:

Functional extinction refers to:

True or False, in source populations death rates exceed birth rates.

Major anthropogenic threats to biodiversity today include all of the following except:

The threat posed by the grassy stunt virus to global rice production and the discovery of a single resistant strain is an example of:

We want to protect population-level diversity rather than simply species diversity because:

True or False, "non-native species" is a synonym for "invasive species"

True or False, Ecuador would be expected to have high beta diversity compared with the United States

A/An ___________________ is defined as a group of plan and animal populations interacting directly or indirectly in the same place at the same time

Approximately how many living species have been described?

What is the 'biological' definition of a species?

The IUCN red list provide an inventory of:

The two factors that determine the "seven forms of rarity" are:

Match the following historical figures to the conservation ethics they championed: John Muir

Match the following historical figures to the conservation ethics they championed: Gifford Pinchot

Match the following historical figures to the conservation ethics they championed: Aldo Leopold

Which of these ethics serves as the primary philosophical foundation for the modern field of conservation biology?

You visit a noational park with your family and tabulate the money you spend on mileage, lodging and entry fees

You measure differences in crop production from farmland downstream from a forested and deforested woodland

You evaluate the difference in home prices for homes that are either adjacent to a wetland or in a typical subdivision, but otherwise identical

You survey the residents of Fort Collins and ask them how much they would be willing to pay for the continued existence of Lynx in Colorado

You compare the cost of building a water treatment plant with the cost of preserving/restorig forest cover and water quality in the watersheds that serve New York City

____________________ provide important ecosystem services such as protection from flood control, as illustrated by the tsunami that caused mass loss of life in Asia in 2004

All of the following groups of species are likely to decline following habitat fragmentation EXCEPT:

The primary mechanism through which zebra mussels are impacting natural communities in the Great Lakes is:

Which characteristic makes a species more likely to be a successful invader?

Species have been introduced INTENTIONALLY (and then became invasive) for all of the following purposes EXCEPT:

All of the following are biological consequences of habitat fragmentation EXCEPT:

True or False, Ilka Hanksi found that the diversity of flora surrounding a home was correlated with more microbial diversity on residents' skin, which was associated with more allergies

The majority of the United States is between ________ and ________ from a road, a major driver of habitat fragmentation

True or False, communities are more susceptible to invasion if they have already been disturbed.

Cane Toads were introduced to Australia for:

REDD is designed to:

What factors have reduced fertility rates to near replacement (2-2.5) in countries such as Brazil and India over the past 20 years?

Burmese Pythons were introduced to the U.S. For the following purpose:

True or False, because march rabbits are so fecund, they are able to thrive despite Burmese Python predation in Florida's everglades.

Which of the following did Dr. Reed indicate is the highest priority/most effective approach for minimizing the negative impacts of Burmese pythons in the everglades?

As burmese pythons spread into high/dryer areas in Florida, instead of retreating to water once temperatures drop in the winter, they are finding refuge in: