Understanding the Sky, Chapter 1

The atmosphere of the Earth is divided into different levels. What is the level closest to the ground?
Stratosphere
Troposphere
Tropopause
How thick is the troposphere?
800 km
5 or 6 miles
500 miles
Where is the troposphere thickest?
It's the same everywhere
At the equator
At the North & South poles
What does "tropo" mean?
Change
First
Flyable
What is the difference between the troposphere and the stratosphere?
The stratosphere has far more change than the troposphere
The temperature falls steadily in the troposphere, but stays nearly constant in the stratosphere
The troposphere is close to outer space
When is air considered saturated with water vapor?
4-5% by weight
40-50% by weight
30-70% by weight
What percent of the water vapor in the atmosphere remains below 18,000 feet of altitude?
50%
52%
90%
What 3 characteristics determine air's density?
Temperature, pressure, water vapor content
Temperature, pressure, pollutants carried
Gravity, heating, gas weight
What happens to its temperature when air is compressed?
It heats up
It cools down
It stays the same
What happens to air temp as air becomes LESS dense?
It cools
It heats up
It stays the same
The lower our altitude, the ______________ the air pressure is.
Higher
Lower
Hotter
When air is lifted, it feels __________ pressure, so it expands and cools.
Less
More
No
When air changes pressure through compression or expansion alone -- WITHOUT the addition or subtraction of outside heat -- this is known as:
The adiabatic process
Radiation
Sublimation
In general, air flows from _____________ to ___________ areas.
Warmer to cooler
Windy to calm
Cooler to warmer
How is air most significantly heated?
Directly via the ground
Through inverse ice cap osmosis.
Directly via the sun
Snow & ice reflect ____________ solar radiation than parking lots.
More
Less
The same
If clouds or humidity are present at night, they _____________ the cooling process of the land.
Speed up
Slow down
Do not affect
If the sun rises at 6 AM and sets at 6 PM, maximum surface heating of flat ground occurs around ________________.
3 PM
Noon
8 PM
Generally, what weather conditions can be expected in winter?
Hot and humid with poor soaring wetter areas.
Changing conditions with cold fronts bringing unstable air and great soaring.
Cold dense air, strong winds at times with stable air.
When does water vapor form clouds?
When the vapor is cooled to the point of condensation
When the vapor reaches 18,000' AGL.
When the vapor is heated to the point of condensation.
What is the dew point?
When water evaporates from a vacuum
When water vapor is cooled to the point of condensation
When water vapor is humidified
What does the dew point for a given parcel of air depend on?
Temperature above 18,000' AGL
Relative humidity
Relative temperature
What is absolute humidity?
A measure of the amount of water vapor in a given volume of air
How much water can be held in a volume of air heated to the boiling point
The percentage of water vapor present compared to how much the air can hold at its present temperature
What is relative humidity?
A measure of the amount of water vapor in a given volume of air
How much water can be held in a volume of air heated to the boiling point
The percentage of water vapor present compared to how much the air can hold at its present temperature
Warm air can hold __________ water vapor than cold air.
The same
More
Less
In two parcels of air with different temperatures that have the same absolute humidity, which will have a lower relative humidity?
I don't understand relative humidity
The warmer parcel, because it has the potential to hold more
The colder parcel, because it is heavier
How can you increase the relative humidity of a parcel of cold air?
Warm it
Cool it
It's impossible
When air is cooled enough, its relative humidity reaches 100% (the saturation point) and
It becomes absolute
It demystifies
Cloud forms
The most common way that air is cooled in the atmosphere is by lifting, which causes:
Compression and heating
Compression and cooling
Expansion and cooling
Water tends to be ___________ than land during the day.
Cooler
Warmer
Higher
Water vapor is ____________ than the rest of the air.
Lighter
Heavier
The same weight
Humid air ______________ in the presence of drier air
Becomes happy
Sinks
Rises
When water vapor condenses back to water, it release:
Evaporation
Latent heat
Latent cold
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