Dental research by Prof. vuthy
1.What are the programs to use for analyze data?
SPSS program
Epiinfo program
Stata program
All are corrects
3.The key combinations for copying and pasting are:
Ctrl + C and Ctrl + P, respectively
Ctrl + C and Ctrl + V, respectively
Alt + C and Alt + V, respectively
Alt + C and Alt + P, respectively
4.Which of the following statements about the Means... Command is true?:
The Means command will not run at all if there is no grouping variable in the data set
The Means command requires a grouping variable in the data set in order to calculate the group means
The Means command will not run if the data are ordinal
The number of groups must not exceed two
5.What are the main points to write the literature review?
Literature review which responds to question of Who, When, What, Where
Literature review which responds to question of When, Where, Why
Literature review which responds to question of When, Why, What, How
Literature review which responds to question of Who, When, What, Why
Literature review which responds to question of When, What, Where, Why
6.What is research?
Is systematic, controlled, empirical, and critical investigation of natural phenomena guided by theory and hypotheses about the presumed relations among such phenomena
Is systematic and critical investigation of natural phenomena guided by theory and hypotheses
Is critical investigation of natural phenomena guided by theory and hypotheses about the presumed relations among such phenomena.
Is controlled and critical investigation of natural phenomena guided by theory and hypotheses about the presumed relations among such phenomena.
Is empirical and critical investigation of natural phenomena guided by theory and hypotheses about the presumed relations among such phenomena.
7.What are the Important Components of Empirical Research?
Problem statement, research questions, purposes, benefits
Theory, assumptions, background literature
Conclusions, interpretations, recommendations, Operational definitions and measurement, Research design and methodology, Instrumentation, sampling
Variables and hypotheses, Data analysis
All are corrects
8. What is sampling?
A sample is “a bigger (but hopefully representative) collection of units from a population used to determine truths about that population”
A sample is “a smaller (but hopefully representative) without collection of units from a population used to determine truths about that population”
A sample is “a smaller (but hopefully representative) collection of units from a population used to determine truths about that population”
A sample is “a bigger (but hopefully representative) without collection of units from a population used to determine truths about that population”
All are corrects
9. The sampling frame is the list from which the potential respondents are drawn?
Registrar’s office
Class rosters
All are corrects
Must assess sampling frame errors
Registrar’s office, Class rosters
10. How we determine our poplars of interest?
Administrators can help us
We decide to do everyone and go from there
All are corrects
We notice anecdotally or through qualitative research that a particulars subgroup of students is experiencing higher risk
12. When might you sample the entire population?
When your population is very big, When you have extensive resources, and When you don’t expect a very high response
When your population is very small, When you have extensive resources, and When you don’t expect a very low response
When your population is very small, When you have extensive resources, and When you don’t expect a very high response
When your population is not very small, When you have extensive resources, and When you do expect a very high response
When your population is very big, When you have extensive resources, and When you don’t expect a very low response
13. The sampling process comprises several stages:?
Defining the population of concern, Specifying a sampling frame, a set of items or events possible to measure
Specifying a sampling method for selecting items or events from the frame, Determining the sample size
All are corrects
Implementing the sampling plan, Sampling and data collecting
Reviewing the sampling process
14. What is cross-sectional survey?
These are like surveys, but extend over time. This allows you to study changes and to establish the timesequence in which things occur. Therefore, you can use this to study causes.
There is a type of observational study that involves the analysis of data collected from a population, or a representative subset, about the problem at one specific point in time
This is more practical, but suffers from other disadvantages. It is a "retrospective" study. This means that (like a detective) you begin at the end, with the disease, and then work backwards, to hunt for possible causes.
The mainstay of experimental medical studies, normally used in testing new drugs and treatments.
There is a category of studies that falls between observational and true experimental studies. In these, there is an intervention, but it is often not completely planned by the person doing the research.
15. What is cohort survey?
There are studying about the problem that the problem is that you cannot be sure which came first, so this is a very weak design for drawing conclusions about causes.
Is a form of longitudinal or but extend over time study used in medicine, nursing, social science, actuarial science, business analytics
Is a type of study design used widely, originally developed in epidemiology, although its use has also been advocated for the social sciences
The mainstay of experimental medical studies, normally used in testing new drugs and treatments.
There is a category of studies that falls between observational and true experimental studies. In these, there is an intervention,
16. What is case-control study?
There are studying about the problem that the problem is that you cannot be sure which came first, so this is a very weak design for drawing conclusions about causes.
These are like surveys, but extend over time. This allows you to study changes and to establish the timesequence in which things occur. Therefore, you can use this to study causes.
This is more practical, but suffers from other disadvantages. It is a type of study design used widely, originally developed in epidemiology, although its use has also been advocated for the social
The mainstay of experimental medical studies, normally used in testing new drugs and treatments.
There is a category of studies that falls between observational and true experimental studies. In these, there is an intervention, but it is often not completely planned by the person doing the research.
17. What are the diseases and conditions of the oral cavity?
Dental caries, periodontal diseases, injuries, Cancer and neoplastic disease
Systemic disease with intra oral manifestations, occlusal , other pathology of teeth and mucosa
All are corrects
Cancer and neoplastic disease
Dental caries, periodontal diseases, full denture, oral surgery
18. What is the Cluster sampling?
Process of sampling incomplete group of units
Process of sampling complete group of units.
Method of sampling which divides the population into layers
Process of sampling complete group of units and Method of sampling which divides the population into layers
19. What is the convenience sampling?
Method used in order to pilot questionnaires or generate hypotheses for further study
Method used to locate data for development and challenging of hypotheses that derived from previous interviews
This is sampling of subjects for reasons of convenience for easy to recruit, near at hand, likely to respond.
This is selection by count
20. What are the elements in oral health surveys?
Planning, protocol adjustment, Conditions, Selected examiners
Sample size to be represented, epidermiology, Data collection
Equipment, instruments, materials, and Administrative issues, Data collection…
Budget, Equipment, instruments, materials.
All are corrects
21. What are the clinical findings of one tooth?
Cavitated, filled, sealed
Cavitated, filled, non cavitated lesion, sealed, sound
Cavitated, filled, non-cavitated lesion, sealed
Mising teeth,
Fracture teeth
22. What is an epidemiology?
The often described as the basic science of public health, and for good reason
The stusy events in specified population
The application of this study to the control of health problems
The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states
All are correct
23. Which of the following is not a form of nonrandom sampling?
Snowball sampling
Convenience sampling
Quota sampling
Purposive sampling
They are all forms of nonrandom sampling
When each member of a population has an equally likely chance of being selected, this is called:?
A nonrandom sampling method
An Equal probability selection method
A quota sample
A snowball sample
25. Which of the following is not true about stratified random sampling?
It involves a random selection process from identified subgroups
Proportions of groups in the sample must always match their population proportions
Disproportional stratified random sampling is especially helpful for getting large enough subgroup samples when subgroup comparisons are to be done
Proportional stratified random sampling yields a representative sample
26. Which of the following will give a more accurate representation of the population from which a sample has been taken?
A large sample based on the convenience sampling technique
A small sample based on simple random sampling
A large sample based on simple random sampling
A small cluster sample
27. Sampling in qualitative research is similar to which type of sampling in quantitative research?
Simple random sampling
Purposive sampling
Systematic sampling
Quota sampling
28. Which of the following would generally require the largest sample size?
Cluster sampling
Simple random sampling
Systematic sampling
Proportional stratified sampling
29. People who are available, volunteer, or can be easily recruited are used in the sampling method called?
Simple random sampling
Cluster sampling
Systematic sampling
Convenience sampling
30. Which of the following is not a type of nonrandom sampling?
Convenience sampling
Cluster sampling
Quota sampling
Purposive sampling
31. Which of the following would usually require the smallest sample size because of its efficiency?
One stage cluster sampling
Simple random sampling
Two stage cluster sampling
Quota sampling
32. The process of drawing a sample from a population is known as
Sampling
Census
Survey research
None of the above
33. Which of the following sampling methods is the best way to select a group of people for a study if you are interested in making statements about the larger population?
Convenience sampling
Random sampling
Quota sampling
Purposive sampling
34. What is a set of elements taken from a larger population according to certain rules?
Population
Sample
Statistic
Element
35. What is a research design?
A way of conducting research that is not grounded in theory
The choice between using qualitative or quantitative methods
The style in which you present your research findings, e.g. A graph
A framework for every stage of the collection and analysis of data
36. What is a cross-sectional design?
A study of one particular section of society, e.g. The middle classes
One that is devised when the researcher is in a bad mood
The collection of data from more than one case at one moment in time
A comparison of two or more variables over a long period of time
37. Cross cultural studies are an example of:?
Comparative design
Case study design
Experimental design
Longitudinal design
38. What is a sampling frame?
A summary of the various stages involved in designing a survey
A list of all the units in the population from which a sample will be selected
An outline view of all the main clusters of units in a sample
A wooden frame used to display tables of random numbers
39. A simple random sample is one in which:?
From a random starting point, every nth unit from the sampling frame is selected
Every unit of the population has an equal chance of being selected
The researcher has a certain quota of respondents to fill for various social groups
A non-probability strategy is used, making the results difficult to generalize
40. It is helpful to use a multi-stage cluster sample when:?
The population is widely dispersed geographically
You have limited time and money available for travelling
You want to use a probability sample in order to generalise the results
All are corrects
41. Which of the following is not a type of non-probability sampling?
Snowball sampling
Stratified random sampling
Quota sampling
Convenience sampling
42. Work study consists of?
Effective use of plant and equipment
Effective use of human effort
Evaluation of human work
All of the above
44. Work study is also recognised as?
Time study
Motion study
Time study and Motion study
None of the above
45. The following factors must be considered while selecting the work for method study?
Economic considerations
Technical considerations
Human reactions
All of the above
46. Which of the following formulae is used to determine how many people to include in the original sampling?
Desired sample size/Desired sample size + 1
Desired sample size/Proportion likely to respond
Proportion likely to respond/population size
Proportion likely to respond/desired sample size
47. Which of the following will give a more “accurate” representation of the population from which a sample has been taken?
A large sample based on the convenience sampling technique
A large sample based on simple random sampling
A small sample based on simple random sampling
A small cluster sample
48. People who are available, volunteer, or can be easily recruited are used in the sampling method called:?
Simple random sampling
Cluster sampling
Systematic sampling
Convenience sampling
49. In which of the following nonrandom sampling techniques does the researcher ask the research participants to identify other potential research participants?
Snowball
Convenience
Purposive
Quota
50. The process of drawing a sample from a population is known as:?
Sampling
Census
Survey research
None of the above
51. Which of the following is not an example of a nonrandom sampling technique?
Purposive
Quota
Convenience
Cluster
52. The purpose of a literature review is to:?
Help you find out what is already known about this area.
Identify any inconsistencies or gaps in the literature.
Demonstrate an awareness of the theoretical context in which the current study can be located.
Find what is already known, identify gaps demonstrate awareness.
53. Which of the following is not a feature of theoretical framework?
Making an inventory of variables
Specify the direction of relationship
Presenting findings
Making an inventory of propositions
54. Which of the following is most beneficial to read in an article?
Methods
Introduction
Figures
References
55. Which of the following describes the nature of qualitative data interpretation?
Reflection
Integrative
Explanatory
Reflection, integrity, explanation
56. What is the reason for consulting handbooks, yearbooks, encyclopedias, or reviews in the initial stages of identifying a research topic?
They are readily available.
They provide an overview of the issues related to a topic.
They are primary sources.
They avoid reporting statistical data so one can interpret the results more easily.
57. In which of the following sampling methods People are available such as volunteer or can be easily recruited?
Simple random sampling
Convenience sampling
Cluster sampling
Systematic sampling
58. What type of the interview that is in which questions are already prepared?
Telephonic interview
Unstructured interview
Structured interview
Personal interview
59. The facts that should be collected to measure a variable, depend upon the?
Conceptual understanding
All of the above
Dictionary meaning
Operational definition
60. Which of the following is a research method that allows a researcher to get information about a large number of subjects relatively inexpensively and easily?
Survey
Laboratory observation
Case study
Naturalistic observation
61. Social research methods include all of the following, except:?
Experiments
Therapy
Surveys
Interviews
62. A research method in which subjects respond to a series of items in a questionnaire:?
Experiment.
Survey.
Taret roup.
Random sample.
63. Which approach says that the purpose of research is to study the creation of social meanin?
None of the above
Critical social science
Interpretative social science
Positivism
64. A research method in which a researcher asks study participants several conversational style questions and does not provide a set of responses to choose from:?
Case study
Quantitative study
Interview
Comparative method
65. The scientific method is preferred over other ways of knowing because it is more?
Accurate.
Reliable.
Systematic.
All of these.
66. The application of the scientific method to the study of educational problems is called?
Inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning.
Deductive reasoning.
Educational research.
Inductive reasoning.
67. Which of the following statements characterizes educational research?
It provides information that can improve teaching and learning.
It furthers our understanding of educational issues, questions, or problems.
It raises new topics for study.
All of these.
68. Which of the following steps of the scientific method is exemplified by the researcher reviewing the literature and focusing on a specific problem that has yet to be resolved?
Identify a topic.
Describe the procedures to collect information.
Analyze the collected information.
State the results of the data analysis.
69. Which of the following is a limitation of educational research?
Research cannot answer value-based problems.
Researchers have ethical and legal responsibilities that can constrain their work.
It is difficult to fully describe the depth of participants' perspectives given the complexity of human behavior.
All of these.
70. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good research topic?
It is ethical.
It can be investigated through the collection and analysis of data.
It focuses on a philosophical or ethical issue.
It is theoretically or practically significant.
71. When there is a need to apply different data collection methods to different parts of the population, the best sampling method would be?
Double sampling
Cluster sampling
Stratified random sampling
Systematic random sampling
72. The sampling technique in which every element of the population has an equal, nonzero probability of being selected in a sample, is called?
Probability sampling
Convenience sampling
Purposive sampling
Quota sampling
74. In ___, the researcher attempts to control and/ or manipulate the variables in the study.?
Experiment
Hypothesis
Theoretical framework
Research design
75. In an experimental research study, the primary goal is to isolate and identify the effect produced by the ...?
Dependent variable
Independent variable
Extraneous variable
Confounding variable
76. The interview in which questions are already prepared is called...?
Unstructured interview
Structured interview
Personal interview
Telephonic interview
77. In…., each population element has a known and equal chance of selection.?
Purposive sampling
Simple random sampling
Stratified sampling
Quota sampling
78. . … is the evidence that the instrument, techniques, or process used to measure concept does indeed measure the intended concepts.?
Reliability
Replicability
Scaling
Validity”
79. On which of the following, scientific knowledge mostly relies?
Logical understanding
Identification of events
Prior knowledge
All of the given options
80. Which of the following refers to research supported by measurable evidence?
Opinion
Empiricism
Speculation
Rationalism
81. Research method is applicable in all of the following fields, EXCEPT;?
Health care
Religion
Business
Government offices
82. All of the following are true statements about action research, EXCEPT;?
Data are systematically analyzed
Data are collected systematically
Results are generalizable
Results are used to improve practice
83. Which of the following is an ethical question that researchers undertaking a covert ethnography should ask themselves?
What form should the findings be published in
Does it ensure the principle of 'informed consent
How can the response rate be increased
All of the above.
84. A researcher conducting an overt ethnography which involves them fully experiencing the job of a call centre operator adopts which of the following roles?
Complete participant.
Participant-as-observer
Observer-as-participant.
Complete observer.
85. Which of the following researchers is conducting a semi-structured interview?
The researcher who has a schedule of fifty questions that they need answered by the participant.
The researcher who has planned only one question in advance.
The researcher who does not wish to use a tape recorder.
The researcher who has a guide which states some specific topics to be covered.
86. A practical tip for transcribing interviews is to:?
Transcribe only those sections of an interview that are important.
Get the respondent to do it.
Invest in the latest voice recognition software.
All of the above.
87. What is the difference between a focus group and a group interview?
A focus group is used to analyse group interaction, whereas a group interview is used as a straight forward data collection tool.
A focus group is used only for political research, whereas group interviews are more widely used in the social sciences.
A focus group is used at the planning stage of a research project, whereas a group interview is part of the actual data collection.
A focus group is used to discuss a wide range of issues, whereas a group interview looks at one specific topic.
88. If a study is "reliable", this means that:?
It was conducted by a reputable researcher who can be trusted
The measures devised for concepts are stable on different occasions
The findings can be generalized to other social settings
The methods are stated clearly enough for the research to be replicated
89. Naturalism has been defined as:?
Viewing natural and social objects as belonging to the same realm
Being true to the nature of the phenomenon under investigation
Being true to the nature of the phenomenon under investigation
Minimising the intrusion of artificial methods of data collection into the field
All of the above
90. In an experimental design, the dependent variable is:?
The one that is not manipulated and in which any changes are observed
The one that is manipulated in order to observe any effects on the other
A measure of the extent to which personal values affect research
An ambiguous concept whose meaning depends on how it is defined
91. Panel and cohort designs differ, in that:?
Cohort studies involve quantitative research, whereas panel studies are qualitative
A panel study does not need rules to handle new entrants to households
Only a cohort study will suffer from sample attrition
A panel study can distinguish between age effects and cohort effects, but a cohort design can only detect ageing effects
92. Which of the following requirements for a dissertation may depend on your institution?
Whether an abstract should be included
The format for referencing
The word limit
All of the above
93. The role of a project supervisor is to:?
Make sure you keep to your schedule and deadlines
Provide intellectual support, guidance and critical feedback
Negotiate access to the research setting on the student's behalf
Give you a reading list
94. You can manage your time and resources best, by:?
Working out a timetable
Finding out what resources are readily available to you
Calculating a budget for likely expenditure
All of the above
95. Which of the following should be included in a research proposal?
Your academic status and experience
The difficulties you encountered with your previous reading on the topic
Your choice of research methods and reasons for choosing them
All of the above
96. Which of the following should you think about when preparing your research?
Your sample frame and sampling strategy
The ethical issues that might arise
Negotiating access to the setting
All of the above
97. What can you do to ensure your physical safety during your research?
Be alert to the possibility of exposure to danger
Avoid interviewing alone in the respondent's residence
Make sure someone knows where you are and how you can contact them in an emergency
All of the above
98. What practical steps can you take before you actually start your research?
Find out exactly what your institution's requirements are for a dissertation
Make sure you are familiar with the hardware and software you plan to use
Apply for clearance of your project through an ethics committee
All of the above
99. It is helpful to use a multi-stage cluster sample when:?
The population is widely dispersed geographically
You have limited time and money available for travelling
You want to use a probability sample in order to general the results
All of the above
100. What is EndNote?
A bibliographical management software package designed
To help you to organize bibliographic references
Create a bibliography
All are corrects
101. According to their website, you will be able to, so what do you get with EndNote?
Search bibliographic databases on the Internet
Organize references, images, PDFs and other files
Watch the bibliography and figure list appear as you write!
Collaborate using EndNote Web, the Web-based research and writing component of EndNote
102. On completion of this tutorial you should be able to better create and manage EndNotes libraries. You will acquiring the ability to:?
Create EndNote libraries and enter references in them by typing.
Search for and add references by connecting to remote databases through the internet.
Import references from downloaded files into EndNote.
Use EndNote with Microsoft Word to create and format citations
All are corrects
103. Bibliographical information is related to …?
Information about library timings
Information about the number of books in a library
Details concerning a publication
Details about circulation statistics
104. Adding References, there are … ways of adding references to your library:?
Type in references manually
Import bibliographic details from a PDF
Import references automatically from an online database
All are corrects
105. SPSS stands for which of the following?
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
Simple Package for Science Statistics
Statistics Problems Solved Smart
Simple Program for Statistics and Science
106. Conducting analyses in SPSS is often more accurate than doing them by hand because _.?
Computer packages can handle more numbers than the human brain
Some analyses are only possible with computers
Errors frequently occur when computing statistics by hand
You can only compute statistics by hand on small data sets
107. SPSS will recognize which of the following mistakes?
Incorrect type of variable selected
Incorrect data entered
Incorrect statistical test selected
Incorrect form of instructions
108. You have installed SPSS on your personal computer. In which of the following places will you ALWAYS find the SPSS icon?
In the Programs menu
On a CD Rom
On the desktop
On a floppy disk and on your USB stick
109. You select File from the procedures across the top of the SPSS Data Editor. The three dots after Save As... Mean which of the following?
A further submenu will appear when this option is chosen
A dialogue box will open when this option is chosen
This option cannot be chosen at present
There are three further steps after selecting this option
110. What is the purpose of the toolbar in SPSS?
To list procedures not included in the procedures across the top of the Data Editor
To explain procedures more fully than in the procedures across the top of the Data Editor
To remind the researcher to perform certain procedures, e.g. Save regularly
To display all the statistical analyses available
To enable procedures to be carried out without going to the options and selecting the appropriate procedure
111. Which of the following sources can data entered in SPSS NOT come from?
People
Schools
Archive statistics
Organizations
It can come from all of these
113. Which of the following methods would you use to enter data on gender into SPSS so you could conduct statistical analyses?
Type male or female into the appropriate column of the data view
Type M into the appropriate column for male participants and F for female participants
Enter data for male participants into SPSS first, then data for female participants second
Numerically code male and female with different numbers
114. Which of the following is the best way to deal with missing data?
Leave the cell where data is missing blank
Only enter data for cases where you have a complete data set
Use numbers not used elsewhere to represent different kinds of missing data
Remove variables where data is missing
115. How is the active cell denoted in the Data View window?
Highlighted in blue
With a flashing frame
Highlighted in red
With a bold frame
116. Which of the following aspects of a variable CANNOT be defined in the Variable View window?
Value labels
Measurement
Maximum and minimum values
Number of decimal places
118. Which of the following is the name given to the record of procedures conducted by SPSS which appears first in the Output Viewer?
SPSS commands
Syntax commands
Command file
Analysis commands
119. When should the type of measure used be defined in SPSS?
When you intend to graph nominal variables
When you intend to graph ordinal variables
When you intend to graph interval variables
At all times
120. The data from each row in a coding schedule can be entered into a quantitative analysis computer program called:?
Endnote
N-Vivo
Outlook
SPSS
121. In which section of the SPSS output will you find the chi-square analysis?
Within group comparisons
Between group comparisons
Anova
Test statistics box
122. In Data View:?
The scores from each group occupy a separate column
Information about group membership is contained in the column headings
Information about group membership is carried in a column (or columns) containing arbitrary code numbers
Information about group membership is contained in the column headings
123. The Measure column in Variable View is used to specify?
Whether the variable is scale (or continuous), ordinal or nominal
Whether the variable is of the numeric or the string type
The name of the dependent variable
The number of places of decimals to which values are expressed in Data View
124. In Variable View, the Values column:?
Is used to specify the level of measurement
Specifies the number of decimal places to which the numbers in Data View are displayed
Specifies whether the data in Data View left, centre or right aligned
Enables meaningful labels to be attached to the different values of a grouping variable
125. The Means procedure is to be found in the?
Compare Means menu
Descriptive Statistics menu
Reports menu
Tables menu
126. For the Means procedure to run, the data in Data View:?
Need not contain a grouping variable
Must be nominal data
Must contain a grouping variable
Must be in the form of ranks
127. In Variable View, the Decimals column:?
Is operative only when scientific notation is specified
Allows the user to set the number of places of decimals to which each value in Data View will be displayed
Is inoperative when a numeric variable is specified
Allows the user to set the number of places of decimals to which each value in the output will be displayed
128. When the user is entering Value Labels (in the present case, Males and Females) in the dialog box below:?
A letter such as M must be in lower case, I.e. m
A letter such as M cannot be used in the Value panel
The first label must be the value 1
The letter M is an acceptable value for specifying a male
129. In the part of Data View shown below:?
Icon number 3 is used to find a particular value label
Icons number 1 and 2 are for displaying and magnifying value labels
Icon number 4 is for saving the data file
The display numbered 5 is the cell where control is currently located
130. In the part of Data View shown in the previous question:?
Icon number 1 is for finding a particular value label
Icon number 2 is for displaying value labels
Icon number 4 is for saving the data file
Icon number 3 is for weighting the cases
131. In the part of Data View shown above:?
Icon number 4 is for displaying value labels
Icon number 1 is for finding a particular value label
Icon number 2 is for weighting the cases
Icon number 3 is for saving the data file
132. In the part of Data View shown above:?
Icon number 1 is for displaying value labels
Icon number 2 is for finding a particular value label
Icon number 3 is for saving the data file
Icon number 4 is for weighting the cases
133. The operations known as copying and pasting:?
Can only be carried out in Variable View
Cannot be implemented in the Output Viewer
Can only be carried out in Data View
Can be carried out in both Variable View and Data View
134. The Means... Procedure for computing the mean score of each of several groups is found in:
The Reports menu
The Compare Means menu
The Tables menu
The Descriptive Statistics menu
135. Which of the following could NOT be included in a survey design?
Random sampling
Manipulation of variables
Panel design
Measurement of variables
136. Which of the following sources can data entered in SPSS NOT come from?
People
Schools
Archive statistics
Organizations
All are correct
137. The first stage of coding qualitative data is referred to as?
Open coding
Axial coding
Selective coding
None of these
138. What will normally be the last of the following sections to be written?
Abstract
Literature review
Results
Conclusion
139. What should be the content of an abstract?
The topic under examination and the research question or hypothesis
The topic under examination, the research question or hypothesis, objectives, and methods of the study
The topic under examination, the research question or hypothesis, objectives and a brief résumé of the conclusions
The topic under examination, the research question or hypothesis, objectives, and methods of the study,a brief résumé of the conclusions
140. What should not be included in the introduction?
The aim of the research
A statement justifying the importance of the research
An indication of the key findings
An outline of the structure of the report
141. Statistics is used by researchers to?
Analyze the empirical data collected in a study
Make their findings sound better
Operationally define their variables
Ensure the study comes out the way it was intended
143. A literature review is based on the assumption that?
Copy from the work of others
Knowledge accumulates and learns from the work of others
Knowledge disaccumulates
None of the above option
144. Which of the following statement is not true a research proposal?
A research proposal is a document that presents a plan for a project
A research proposal shows that the researcher is capable of successfully conducting
The proposed research project
A research proposal is an unorganized and unplanned project
A research proposal is just like a research report and written before the research project
145. Preliminary data collection is a part of the research method. ?
Descriptive research
Exploratory research
Applied research
Explanatory research
146. Conducting surveys is the most common method of generating?
Primary data
Secondary data
Qualitative data
None of the above
147. After identifying the important variables and establishing the logical reasoning in theoretical framework, the next step in the research process is?
To conduct surveys
To generate the hypothesis
To focus group discussions
To use experiments in an investigation
148. The appropriate analytical technique is determined by?
The research design
The research design and nature of the data collected
Nature of the data collected
Nature of the hypothesis
149. A list of questions which is handed over to the respondent, who reads the questions and records the answers himself is known as the:?
Interview schedule
Questionnaire
Interview guide
All of the given options
150. One of the most critical stages in the survey research process is?
Research design
Questionnaire design
Interview design
Survey design
151. What can a researcher use the literature to achieve?
They can demonstrate their competence by referring to prominent writings in the field
They develop their version of the literature in such a way as to show and to lead up to the contribution they will be making in their own project or article.
They can identify a gap or problem in the literature that corresponds to the research questions.
All of the above.
152. A systematic literature review is:?
One which generates a literature review using a treasure hunt system.
A replicable, scientific, and transparent process.
One which gives equal attention to the principal contributors to the area.
A manufactured system for generating literature reviews tailored to your subject.
153. Which of the follow is a benefit of a systematic review?
It reduces researcher bias and demands the researcher is comprehensive of their approach.
It is really quick to complete.
It is cost effective as an approach.
It provides internal validity to the study.
154. How can you tell if your research questions are really good?
If they guide your literature search
If they are linked together to help you construct a coherent argument
If they force you to narrow the scope of your research
All of the above
155. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of scientific method?
Deterministic
Rationalism
Empirical
Abstraction
156. The theoretical framework discusses the interrelationships among the..?
Variables
Hypothesis
Concept
Theory
157. ..research is based on naturalism.?
Field research
Descriptive research
Basic research
Applied research
158. On which of the following, scientific knowledge mostly relies?
Logical understanding
Identification of events
Prior knowledge
All of the given options
159. Which of the following is characteristic of action research?
Variables are tightly controlled
Results are generalizable
Data are usually qualitative
Results demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships
160. If a researcher is studying the effect of using laptops in his classroom to ascertain their merit and worth; he is likely conducting which of the following types of research?
Experimental
Applied
Basic
Evaluation
161. Which of the following is not the source for getting information for exploratory research?
Content analysis
Survey
Case study
Pilot study
162. Which of the following is the main quality of a good theory?
A theory that has survived attempts at falsification
A theory that is proven to be right
A theory that has been disproved
A theory that has been falsified
163. Which type of review compares how different theories address an issue?
Context review
Integrated review
Theoretical review
Methodological review
164. After you locate a source, you should write down all details of the reference, EXCEPT?
Volumes
Titles
Price
Full names of the authors
165. __research is based on naturalism.?
Field research
Descriptive research
Basic research
Applied research
166. How many times the students appear in the research class is the example of___.?
Intensity
Space
Frequency
Direction
168. The interview in which questions are already prepared is called __.?
Telephonic interview
Personal interview
Unstructured interview
Structured interview
169. In which one of the following stage researcher consult the literature?
Operation test
Response analysis survey
Document design analysis
Pretest interviews
170. Why do you need to review the existing literature?
To make sure you have a long list of references
Because without it, you could never reach the required word-count
To find out what is already known about your area of interest
To help in your general studying
171. Which of the following is NOT a function of referencing?
To demonstrate breadth of reading
To attribute a quotation
To ensure a sufficiently long reference list
To justify your approach
174. Identifying someone's gender is an example of?
Nominal measurement
Ordinal measurement
Interval measurement
Ratio measurement
175. Identifying someones age is an example of?
Nominal measurement
Ordinal measurement
Interval measurement
Ratio measurement
176. When interviewing children, you should try to?
Avoid being seen as an authority figure
Take them out of the classroom if interviewing them at school
Not be overly concerned with ethical issues
All of these
177. What is the smallest sample size you should consider when interviewing?
1
3
5
10
179. Which one of the following sampling type is used in operations test to select the units?
Simple random sampling
Cluster sampling
Quota sampling
Judgment sampling
180. A sampling frame is:?
A summary of the various stages involved in designing a survey
An outline view of all the main clusters of units in a sample
A list of all the units in the population from which a sample will be selected
A wooden frame used to display tables of random numbers
181. In _____, each population element has a known and equal chance of selection.?
Purposive sampling
Quota sampling
Stratified sampling
Simple random sampling
182. Experimental design is the only appropriate design where___ relationship can be established.?
Strong
Linear
Weak
Cause and Effect
183. What is the primary focus of establishment surveys in this case study?
Collect the data through past studies
Analyze the literature review
Using of quantitative techniques
Data collection through mail and Interview
184. Which of the following method of data collection is not discussed in the case study?
Questionnaires
Interviews
Mail survey
Observations
185. Which of the following sampling technique is used for Employee Turnover and Job Openings survey?
Simple random sampling
Cluster sampling
Stratified sampling
Convenience sampling
186. Which one of the following is the limitation of establishment survey in this case study?
Cost
Limited data
Unskilled interviewer
Small sample size
187. Which of the following method of data collection is not used in the case study?
Questionnaires
Focus groups
Correlational method
Secondary data
188. Which of the following is the basic purpose of pretest interview in this case study?
To identified the potential problem
To know the sample size
To develop the questionnaire
To use agency representative
189. Select all of the following statements which you believe to be true. An ordinal variable is one for which:
The data are discrete and can take one of many values.
The data are continuous and follow an ordered sequence.
The data are categorical.
The categories of response are ordered.
There can only be two categories of response.
190. Select all of the following statements which you believe to be true:
A sample statistic is a point estimate of a population parameter.
Random sampling implies a haphazard approach to the data analysis.
For a given data set, the standard deviation is always greater than the standard error of the mean.
The inferential process involves drawing conclusions about the sample.
All are corrects
191. A total 5000 patients of glaucoma are identified and surveyed by patient interviews regarding family history of glaucoma. Such a study design is called:
Case series report
Case-control study
Clinical Trial
Cohort study
192. The analytical study where population is the unit of study is:
Cross sectional
Ecological
Case-control
Cohort
193. System Study involves:
Study of an existing system
Documenting the existing system.
Identifying current deficiencies and establishing new goals
All of the above
194. The primary tool used in structured design is a:
Structure chart
Data-flow diagram
Program flowchart
Module
195. The step-by-step instructions that solve a problem are called :
An algorithm
A list
A Plan
A sequential structure
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