Anatomy

A 75-year-old man with a 40-pack-year history of smoking and hypercholesterolemia is diagnosed with severe atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic occlusion of which of the following arteries would result in insufficient perfusion of the urinary bladder?

A 36-year-old woman is hospitalized for treatment of a stomach ulcer that has been getting progressively worse over several months. Radiographic studies reveal the site of involvement to be along the greater curvature, approximately 4 cm away from the pyloric sphincter. That night, the ulcer perforates, and there is considerable intra-abdominal bleeding. Surgery reveals that the ulcer has eroded through the stomach wall and has damaged the artery supplying the involved region of the stomach. Which artery was likely involved?

A woman who recently gave birth has elevated prolactin levels. The gland responsible for secretion of this hormone is derived from which of the following structures?

A previously normal 56-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a “flu-like” illness. She complains of nausea and vomiting, and a headache involving the eye and forehead. She is alert and fully oriented. Motor, sensory, gait, and coordination examinations are normal. Cranial nerve examination is normal, aside from the visual field disorder indicated in the plot below.n The neurologic examination suggests an occlusion of which of the following vessels?

A 49-year-old Vietnamese man is diagnosed with tuberculosis. On physical examination, large flocculent masses are noted over the lateral lumbar back, and a similar mass is located in the ipsilateral groin just medial to the anterior superior iliac spine.This pattern of involvement strongly suggests an abscess tracking along which of the following muscles?

A 24-year-old man is stabbed in the neck. Neurologic examination reveals left-sided hemiparesis. There is complete loss of discriminatory joint position and vibration sensation below C8 on the left side. On the right side, there is loss of pain and temperature sensation below C8. It can be expected that an MRI of the cervical spinal cord will show which of the following findings?

A 2-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his mother because he has had several episodes of rectal bleeding. Evaluation with a technetium-99m perfusion scan reveals a З-cm ileal outpouching located 60 cm from the ileocecal valve. This structure most likely contains which of the following types of ectopic tissue?

A 34-year-old man is examined in the prison infirmary after sustaining a superficial stab wound to the superolateral aspect of the thoracic wall at the level of the third rib. There is little bleeding and no difficulty breathing; however, the medial border of the scapula on the injured side pulls away from the body wall when the arm is raised. In addition, the arm cannot be abducted above the horizontal. Which of the following muscles is paralyzed?

A histologist is examining cells arrested at various stages of oogenesis. He discovers a follicle within the stroma of the ovary that has developed an antrum. This follicle would be classified as

A 54-year-old man has cirrhosis, with obstruction of the portal circulation within the liver. Portal blood could still be conveyed to the caval system via which of the following?

A patient has a tumor in the pterygopalatine fossa. The tumor is enlarging and moving through the pterygo- maxillary fissure. The tumor is entering what region of the skull?

A neuroscientist decides to perform a study that requires him to increase the concentration of norepinephrine in the cortex of an animal subject. He does this by electrically stimulating a nucleus in the brain. Which of the following nuclei is the most important source of noradrenergic innervation to the cerebral cortex?

A surgeon tells a medical student to tap the side of the face of a patient who just had thyroid surgery. The surgeon is most worried about damage to which of the following vessels?

A 45-year-old man comes into the emergency department with abdominal pain that has progressively worsened since the previous night. He also notes nausea and vomiting, but is afebrile. Upper gastrointestinal radiographic studies reveal that a loop of small intestine has passed through the epiploic foramen into the omental bursa and is constricted by the margins of the foramen as the intestine fills. The constriction should not be surgically relieved by opening the epiploic foramen because this procedure would risk cutting the

A 26-year-old man is stabbed in the left chest during a bar brawl. Several days after he is treated, he returns to the physician complaining of decreased function in his left arm. Physical examination reveals a winged left scapula and an inability to raise his left arm above the horizontal. Which of the following nerves is most likely affected?

A patient is transported to the emergency department with a knife wound to the right fifth intercostal space at the midaxillary line. Which of the following structures is likely to have been damaged?

A couple comes to the physician for advice about contraception and family planning. The physician provides advice about various methods of birth control. While discussing the option of using an intrauterine device, a discussion of the process of implantation comes up. At what stage of embryonic development does an embryo normally begin to implant in the endometrium?

A newborn male is found to have urethral openings along the ventral surface of the penis. The physician explains to the parents that the bilateral structures that should have fused in the midline failed to fuse completely, and this resulted in the defect. The parents are very concerned, but the physician reassures them that this can easily be surgically corrected. Which of the following structures in a female normally develop from the same structures that failed to fuse in this boy?

A 19-year-old woman comes to the emergency department after falling while on roller-blades. There is a 3-cm laceration over the lateral aspect of the knee penetrating so deep that the head of the fibula is apparent. A radiograph of the leg is negative for any fractures. A noticeable foot-drop occurs while the patient walks. Further examination reveals inability to dorsifiex or evert the foot. Which of the following best explains her injury?

A resident physician is performing a pelvic examination on a young woman. The fingers of one of the physician's hands are in the patient’s vagina, palpating the cervix. The other hand is pressing on the abdomen. With the palm of this hand, the physician feels a bony structure in the lower midline. This structure is most likely the

. A 45-year-old man with a history of stable angina presents to the emergency department with an episode of chest pain that is not relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. After stabilization in the telemetry unit for 2 days, he undergoes a thallium stress test. The results show reduced perfusion of the lateral wall of the left ventricle. Which artery is most likely occluded?

A patient presents with sudden onset of violent involuntary flinging movements of the left upper limb. The movements are jerky and irregular. This patient’s condition can best be described as a loss of:

A 4-day-old boy is brought to the pediatric clinic because of breathing difficulties and poor feeding. He coughs, chokes, and spits up milk very soon after beginning to suckle. Physical examination and radiographs reveal the presence of the most common type of tracheoesophageal fistula. The infant’s defect likely resulted from

A 40-year-old man complains of loss of sensation over the right scrotum and on the medial right thigh. Damage to which of the following nerves would result in such symptoms?