Basic(151-200)
Infectious Diseases Knowledge Quiz
Test your knowledge on infectious diseases, antibiotic treatments, and pathogens with our comprehensive quiz designed for medical professionals, students, and enthusiasts. Challenge yourself with 50 questions that cover a wide range of topics relevant to microbiology and infectious diseases.
- 50 multiple-choice questions
- Covering various pathogens and treatments
- Perfect for students and healthcare providers
Shigellosis is common in travelers to developing countries. Infection is commonly acquired through the
A. Skin
B. Gastrointestinal tract
C. Respiratory tract
D. Genital tract
E. Nasal tract
A person who contracts gonorrhea is most likely to have acquired it via the
A. Skin
B. Gastrointestinal tract
C. Respiratory tract
D. Genital tract
E. Nasal tract
The antibiotic of choice for pneumococcal pneumonia is
A. Penicillin
B. Ampicillin
C. Erythromycin
D. Vancomycin
E. Ceftriaxone
The antibiotic of choice for streptococcal pharyngitis is
A. Penicillin
B. Ampicillin
C. Erythromycin
D. Vancomycin
E. Ceftriaxone
The therapy of choice for pseudomembranous enterocolitis is
A. Penicillin
B. Ampicillin
C. Erythromycin
D. Vancomycin
E. Ceftriaxone
V. cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, is best described as
A. “String-test”-positive isolate; three serotypes—Ogawa (AB), Inaba (AC), Hikojima (ABC)
B. Human pathogen, halophilic, lactose-positive; produces heat-labile, extracellu- lar toxin
C. Human pathogen, halophilic, lactose-negative, sucrose-negative; causes gas- trointestinal diseases primarily from ingestion of cooked seafood
D. Cause of gastroenteritis; reservoir in birds and mammals, optimal growth at 42°C
E. Urease-positive; cause of fetal distress in cattle
Y. enterocolitica, formerly a Pasteurella, is best described by which of the following statements?
A. Commonly inhabits the canine respiratory tract and is an occasional pathogen for humans; strongly urease-positive
B. Pits agar, grows both in carbon dioxide and under anaerobic conditions, and is part of the normal oral cavity flora
C. Typically infects cattle, requires 5 to 10% carbon dioxide for growth, and is inhibited by the dye thionine
D. Typically is found in infected animal bites in humans and can cause hemor- rhagic septicemia in animals
E. Manifests different biochemical and physiologic characteristics, depending on growth temperature, and causes a spectrum of human disease, most commonly mesenteric lymphadenitis
To isolate specific bacteria from clinical specimens, it is necessary to use a variety of artificial media, some of which is selective, others of which are nonselective. N. Gonorrhoeae is a fastidious pathogen and found in sites often con- taminated with normal flora. The best medium for isolation is
A. Sheep blood agar
B. Löffler’s medium
C. Thayer-Martin agar
D. Thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose medium
E. Löwenstein-Jensen medium
V. cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, is best isolated using
A. Sheep blood agar
B. Löffler’s medium
C. Thayer-Martin agar
D. Thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose medium
E. Löwenstein-Jensen medium
M. Tuberculosis can be found in the sputum of patients with tuberculosis. After digestion of the sputum, isolation is best accomplished using
A. Sheep blood agar
B. Löffler’s medium
C. Thayer-Martin agar
D. Thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose medium
E. Löwenstein-Jensen medium
C. Diphtheriae may be difficult to isolate from the nasopharynx with- out the use of special media. The medium of choice is
A. Sheep blood agar
B. Löffler’s medium
C. Thayer-Martin agar
D. Thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose medium
E. Löwenstein-Jensen medium
S. Aureus has a distinctive appearance on which one of the following media?
A. Sheep blood agar
B. Löffler’s medium
C. Thayer-Martin agar
D. Thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose medium
E. Löwenstein-Jensen medium
In order to recognize abnormal bacteria, it is necessary to know which bacteria are predominant normal flora of certain body sites. The bowel contains many microorganisms but the most prevalent bacterium is
A. α-hemolytic streptococci
B. Lactobacillus
C. S. epidermidis
D. E. coli
E. B. fragilis
Which of the following is the most prevalent microorganism in the vagina that may also be protective?
A. α-hemolytic streptococci
B. Lactobacillus
C. S. epidermidis
D. E. coli
E. B. fragilis
Influenza can be treated; therefore, specific detection of the virus becomes much more important. Which of the following would be best for detection of influenza?
A. Detection of specific antigen in urine
B. Cold agglutinin test
C. Electron microscopy of sputum
D. Detection of antigen in respiratory secretions
E. Culture of respiratory secretions on monkey kidney cells
A bacterium is examined and is found to lack superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase. Which of the following statements best describes this bacterium?
A. This bacterium is an anaerobe
B. This bacterium will survive in an O2 environment
C. This bacterium is more virulent than one containing the three enzymes
D. This bacterium does not produce superoxide
E. This bacterium does not produce peroxide
Analysis of the metabolites produced by an organism’s fermentation of glucose reveals small amounts of 6-phosphogluconic acid. This fermentation organism is most likely to be
A. Enterobacter
B. Escherichia
C. Leuconostoc
D. Enterococcus faecalis
E. Streptococcus lactis
Ideally, an antibiotic should focus on a microbial target not found in mammalian cells. By this standard, which of the following antibiotic agents would be expected to be most toxic to humans?
A. Penicillin
B. Mitomycin
C. Cephalosporin
D. Bacitracin
E. Vancomycin
A broad-spectrum antibiotic in the general class of thienamycins is
A. Piperacillin
B. Cefoperazone
C. Ceftriaxone
D. Ciprofloxacin
E. Imipenem
Third-generation cephalosporin with good activity against Borrelia burgdorferi is
A. Piperacillin
B. Cefoperazone
C. Ceftriaxone
D. Ciprofloxacin
E. Imipenem
Broad-spectrum penicillin with antipseudomonas activity is
A. Piperacillin
B. Cefoperazone
C. Ceftriaxone
D. Ciprofloxacin
E. Imipenem
Third-generation cephalosporin with primary activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa is
A. Piperacillin
B. Cefoperazone
C. Ceftriaxone
D. Ciprofloxacin
E. Imipenem
Quinolone antibiotic with broad Gram-negative and Gram-positive activity is
A. Piperacillin
B. Cefoperazone
C. Ceftriaxone
D. Ciprofloxacin
E. Imipenem
Mycoplasmas differ from chlamydiae in that they are
A. Susceptible to penicillin
B. Able to grow on artificial cell-free media
C. Able to cause urinary tract infection
D. Able to stain well with Gram’s stain
E. Able to cause disease in humans
Which of the following mycoplasmas has been implicated as a cause of nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)?
A. Mycoplasma hominis
B. M. pneumoniae
C. M. fermentans
D. M. mycoides
E. Ureaplasma urealyticum
C. Trachomatis can be distinguished from C. Psittaci by which of the following criteria?
A. C. Trachomatis is sensitive to sulfonamides
B. C. Trachomatis has a different lipopolysaccharide antigen
C. C. Trachomatis can be stained with Giemsa
D. C. Psittaci is an obligate prokaryotic parasite
E. C. Psittaci forms inclusions that contain glycogen
Trachoma is one of the leading causes of blindness. Which of the fol- lowing best typifies the disease?
A. It is caused by C. trachomatis
B. It is best treated with systemic cephalosporins and ophthalmic tetracycline
C. It affects 400 million people in the Pacific Rim
D. It is a form of chronic uveiti
E. Chlamydial eye infection is a major veterinary problem
Which one of the following organisms causes primary atypical pneumonia in humans?
A. M. hominis
B. M. orale
C. M. pneumoniae
D. M. fermentans
E. U. urealyticum
Which one of the following organisms is associated with nongonococcal urethritis in humans?
A. M. hominis
B. M. orale
C. M. pneumoniae
D. M. fermentans
E. U. urealyticum
Which one of the following organisms normally inhabits the healthy human oral cavity?
A. M. hominis
B. M. orale
C. M. pneumoniae
D. M. fermentans
E. U. urealyticum
Which one of the following organisms normally inhabits the female genital tract but may cause acute respiratory illness?
A. M. hominis
B. M. orale
C. M. pneumoniae
D. M. fermentans
E. U. urealyticum
Inhalation of fungal spores can cause primary lung infections. Of the following organisms, which one is most likely to be associated with this mode of transmission?
A. C. immitis
B. S. schenckii
C. C. albicans
D. T. tonsurans
E. Candida tropicalis
An immunocompromised patient is suspected of having an infection with A. fumigatus. Which of the clinical conditions is most likely to occur?
A. Wound infection
B. Urinary tract infection
C. Invasive aspergillosis causing thrombosis and infarction
D. Thrush
E. Superficial rash
The diagnostic characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum are best described by which one of the following statements?
A. A period of 72 h is required for the development of the mature schizont, which resembles a rosette with only 8 to 10 oval merozoites
B. An important diagnostic feature is the irregular appearance of the edges of the infected red blood cell
C. The signet-ring–shaped trophozoite is irregular in shape with ameboid exten- sions of the cytoplasm
D. Except in infections with very high parasitemia, only ring forms of early tropho- zoites and the gametocytes are seen in the peripheral blood
E. Schüffner stippling is routinely seen in red blood cells that harbor parasites
The life cycle of this parasite consists of two stages: the cyst and the trophozoite, as shown in the figure below. The most likely identification of this organism is
A. Entamoeba
B. Clonorchis
C. Giardia
D. Trichomonas
E. Pneumocystis
Human infection with the beef tapeworm, Taenia saginata, usually is less serious than infection with the pork tapeworm, T. solium, because
A. Acute intestinal stoppage is less common in beef tapeworm infection
B. Larval invasion does not occur in beef tapeworm infection
C. Toxic by-products are not given off by the adult beef tapeworm
D. The adult beef tapeworms are smaller
E. Beef tapeworm eggs cause less irritation of the mucosa of the digestive tract
A survey of 100 healthy adults reveals that 80% have IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma. Which one of the following statements would help to explain this finding?
A. The potential for Toxoplasma infection is widespread and the disease is mild and self-limiting
B. Toxoplasmosis is caused by eating meat; therefore, all meat eaters have had toxoplasmosis
C. A variety of parasitic infections induce the formation of Toxoplasma antibody
D. The test for Toxoplasma antibodies is highly nonspecific
E. The IgM test is more reliable than the IgG test for determination of past infections;retesting for IgM would show that most people do not have Toxoplasma antibody
Analysis of a patient’s stool reveals small structures resembling rice grains; microscopic examination shows these to be proglottids. The most likely organism in this patient’s stool is
A. Enterobius vermicularis
B. Ascaris lumbricoides
C. Necator americanus
D. T. saginata
E. Trichuris trichiura
Trypanosoma cruzi initially penetrates through the mucous mem branes on the skin and then multiplies in a lesion known as a chagoma. In the chronic stage of the disease, the main lesions are often observed in the
A. Spleen and pancreas
B. Heart and digestive tract
C. Liver and spleen
D. Digestive tract and respiratory tract
E. Heart and liver
A woman, recently returned from Africa, complains of having paroxysmal attacks of chills, fever, and sweating; these attacks last a day or two at a time and recur every 36 to 48 h. Examination of a stained blood specimen reveals ring-like and crescent-like forms within red blood cells. The infecting organism most likely is
A. Plasmodium falciparum
B. Plasmodium vivax
C. Trypanosoma gambiense
D. Wuchereria bancrofti
E. Schistosoma mansoni
A “parasite” that may be a fungus is the initial clinical manifestation in up to 60% of patients with AIDS. This organism is
A. Microsporidium
B. Cryptosporidium
C. Pneumocystis
D. Blastocystis
E. Blastomyces
Malaria is a significant worldwide public health problem. Which one of the following control methods for malaria is currently effective?
A. A vaccine
B. Chemoprophylaxis
C. Antibiotics
D. White clothing
E. Tick repellents
Scabies is caused by a small mite that burrows into the skin. The disease is best described by which one of the following statements?
A. It is caused by a species of Sarcoptes
B. Secondary bacterial infection is rare
C. It is synonymous with Kawasaki’s syndrome
D. It is best diagnosed by biopsy of the inflammatory region around the mite bite
E. Allergic (asthma-like) reactions to mites are rare
Amebae that are parasitic in humans are found in the oral cavity and the intestinal tract. Which one of the following statements best describes these intestinal amebae?
A. They are usually nonpathogenic
B. They can cause peritonitis and liver abscesses
C. They are usually transmitted as trophozoites
D. They occur most abundantly in the duodenum
E. Infection with Entamoeba histolytica is limited to the intestinal tract
Schistosomiasis is a disease characterized by granulomatous reac- tions to the ova or to products of the parasite at the place of oviposition. Clinical manifestations include which one of the following?
A. Bladder wall hyperplasia
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Splenomegaly
D. Cardiac abnormalities
E. Arthropathies
Flukes (trematodes) have a great impact on worldwide public health, causing both morbidity and mortality. Which of the following organisms penetrates skin, is endemic in Africa and Latin America, and has a large lateral spine on its eggs?
A. Paragonimus
B. Clonorchis
C. S. mansoni
D. Schistosoma japonicum
E. Schistosoma haematobium
Which of the following organisms may be ingested with raw fish, affects the liver, and has an operculated egg?
A. Paragonimus
B. Clonorchis
C. S. mansoni
D. S. japonicum
E. S. haematobium
Which of the following organisms penetrates skin, is endemic in Asia, and has a small lateral spine on its eggs?
A. Paragonimus
B. Clonorchis
C. S. mansoni
D. S. japonicum
E. S. haematobium
Which of the following organisms penetrates skin, is endemic in Africa and the Middle East, has large terminal spines on its eggs, and is found in urine samples?
A. Paragonimus
B. Clonorchis
C. S. mansoni
D. S. japonicum
E. S. haematobium
Which of the following organisms penetrates skin, is endemic in Africa and the Middle East, has large terminal spines on its eggs, and is found in urine samples?
A. Paragonimus
B. Clonorchis
C. S. mansoni
D. S. japonicum
E. S. haematobium
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