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Biology Trivia Quiz: Test Your Knowledge

Quick, free quiz with fresh biology trivia questions. Instant results.

Editorial: Review CompletedCreated By: Rev. Evan DoliveUpdated Aug 26, 2025
Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper art illustration for biology trivia quiz on dark blue background

This quiz helps you practice core biology facts, diagrams, and concepts, and see what to study next. Want a tougher challenge? Try our hard biology quiz, or build skills with a high school biology quiz; if cells are your focus, check out the cell biology quiz.

In a cladogram, what does a node represent?
An environmental barrier like a mountain range
The most recent common ancestor of descendant lineages (Explanation: Nodes mark divergence points representing shared ancestral populations.)
A living species at the present time
A point where a lineage goes extinct
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Which term best describes a trait that is newly evolved in a clade and shared by its members?
Outgroup feature
Ancestral character
Homoplasy
Derived character (synapomorphy) (Explanation: A derived character, or synapomorphy, unites members of a clade by shared, newly evolved traits.)
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All life on Earth is composed of cells, and cells arise from preexisting cells.
False
True
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Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?
Lysosome
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondrion (Explanation: The mitochondrion performs oxidative phosphorylation, producing most ATP in eukaryotes.)
Golgi apparatus
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Meiosis produces gametes that are genetically identical to the parent cell.
True
False
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Which biomolecule class primarily comprises the enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions in cells?
Carbohydrates
Proteins (Explanation: Most enzymes are proteins composed of amino acids that lower activation energy.) (correct)
Nucleic acids
Lipids
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In a cladogram, the outgroup is used to
Show the geographic origin of the clade
Root the tree and infer which character states are ancestral (Explanation: Including an outgroup polarizes characters by providing a reference for ancestral states.)
Determine the absolute age of each node
Increase the number of derived characters
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Natural selection directly acts on
Genotypes only
Entire species but not individuals
Ecosystems
Phenotypes (Explanation: Selection sorts phenotypic variation that affects survival and reproduction; allele frequencies change as a consequence.)
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Transcription in eukaryotes occurs in the cytoplasm.
False
True
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All enzymes operate optimally at pH 7 and 37°C regardless of organism.
True
False
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In cladograms, a monophyletic group (clade) includes
An ancestor and all of its descendants (Explanation: Monophyletic groups are natural groups defined by common ancestry and include all descendants.)
Species grouped by overall similarity only
Multiple ancestors and all descendants
A common ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants
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A derived character unique to birds in a basic vertebrate cladogram is
Vertebral column
Amniotic egg
Feathers (Explanation: Feathers are a derived trait that defines the avian clade among vertebrates.)
Four-chambered heart
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In cladistic analysis, homoplasy refers to
Loss of all derived traits
Incomplete lineage sorting
Traits shared due to common ancestry
A reversal or convergence resulting in similarity not due to common ancestry (Explanation: Homoplasy is similarity arising independently, confounding phylogenetic signal.)
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In a phylogenetic context, a paraphyletic group
Includes an ancestor and some, but not all, descendants (Explanation: Paraphyly omits at least one descendant lineage.)
Is identical to a polyphyletic group
Includes taxa with similar traits but different ancestors
Includes an ancestor and all descendants
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In cladogram construction, maximum parsimony favors the tree that
Matches the longest branch lengths
Includes the most taxa
Has the greatest number of character changes
Requires the fewest evolutionary changes (Explanation: Parsimony selects the simplest explanation with minimal steps.)
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In cladistics, a character reversal occurs when a derived state returns to the ancestral state in a lineage.
True
False
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In a cladogram, polytomy indicates
Simultaneous divergence with high confidence
Certainty about the order of divergence
Unresolved relationships among lineages (Explanation: A polytomy represents uncertainty about branching order.)
A lineage with no derived characters
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A polyphyletic group is defined as a set of taxa that
Is equivalent to a clade
Lacks the most recent common ancestor of its members (Explanation: Polyphyly groups taxa by convergent traits without their shared immediate ancestor.)
Includes an ancestor and some descendants
Includes an ancestor and all descendants
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In a cladogram of vertebrates, which derived character separates tetrapods from other sarcopterygian fishes?
Limbs with digits (Explanation: Tetrapods are defined by paired limbs bearing digits adapted for terrestrial locomotion.)
Jaws
Lungs
Vertebrae
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Which DNA repair mechanism removes bulky thymine dimers caused by UV light?
Base excision repair
Nucleotide excision repair (Explanation: NER excises oligonucleotides containing lesions like thymine dimers and fills the gap.)
Non-homologous end joining
Mismatch repair
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Study Outcomes

  1. Apply your knowledge of cladograms -

    Use blank cladograms to determine evolutionary relationships and refine your ability to interpret branching patterns among different species.

  2. Identify derived characters -

    Recognize and explain key derived characters in various taxa, enhancing your understanding of trait evolution over time.

  3. Recall essential biology trivia concepts -

    Reinforce core life science principles - such as cell structure, genetics, and ecology - through targeted biology trivia questions and answers.

  4. Analyze biological data -

    Evaluate and interpret data presented in quiz format to draw accurate conclusions about biological phenomena and patterns.

  5. Enhance test-taking strategies -

    Develop effective approaches for tackling multiple-choice biology trivia questions quickly and confidently in exam-like scenarios.

Cheat Sheet

  1. Interpreting Blank Cladograms -

    Blank cladograms are diagrams used to track evolutionary relationships; you fill in taxonomic groups at the tips and derived characters at each branch point. When tackling biology trivia questions on cladograms, start by identifying shared traits and plot them from least to most derived - like adding feathers for birds. A typical example shows mammals branching off after the appearance of hair and endothermy.

  2. Recognizing Derived Characters -

    In biology trivia questions and answers, derived characters are blank traits that first appear in the lineage leading to a clade but are absent in its ancestors. According to Campbell Biology, these synapomorphies help define monophyletic groups and clarify evolutionary history. For instance, the petal arrangement in a plant clade can be a derived character that distinguishes it from its relatives.

  3. Mnemonic for Taxonomic Hierarchy -

    Remember "Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup" to recall Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. This classic memory trick shows up often in biology trivia questions. Create your own phrase or image to reinforce these eight ranks when you study taxonomy tables.

  4. Key Principles of Cell Theory -

    Cell theory states that all living organisms are composed of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells (Virchow's Principle). Quiz masters often ask you to name these three tenets, so remember Rudolf Virchow and "Omnis cellula e cellula." Reviewing illustrations from an official source like the NIH website can help solidify this core concept.

  5. Deciphering DNA's Double Helix -

    DNA trivia often focuses on Chargaff's rules (A=T, C=G) and the antiparallel strands running 5′→3′ and 3′→5′. According to the NCBI, the sugar-phosphate backbone gives DNA its structural stability and sets the directionality vital for replication. Visualizing this with a simple paper model can make these facts stick during biology trivia questions and answers.

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