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Quizzes > Health & Medicine

Bloodborne Pathogens Quiz: Check Your TB and HBV Knowledge

Quick, free TB knowledge quiz with instant results.

Editorial: Review CompletedCreated By: Ailsa CrittenUpdated Aug 27, 2025
Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper art style medical icons for a quiz on bloodborne pathogens TB HBV survival on a coral background

This quiz helps you check your understanding of bloodborne pathogens and TB, from transmission to routine precautions, with quick feedback to spot gaps before training. For more practice, try the bloodborne pathogens practice test, brush up with the osha bbp quiz, and review basics with Hepatitis B true false.

Which viral family does Hepatitis B virus belong to?
Hepadnaviridae
Flaviviridae
Retroviridae
Picornaviridae
Hepatitis B virus is classified in the Hepadnaviridae family, which includes DNA viruses that infect the liver. Members of this family have partially double-stranded genomes and replicate through an RNA intermediate. Knowing the viral family helps in understanding viral biology and developing targeted antiviral therapies.
What type of genetic material does HBV contain?
Single-stranded DNA
Double-stranded RNA
Partially double-stranded DNA
Single-stranded RNA
HBV possesses a partially double-stranded DNA genome that is unique among hepatotropic viruses. It replicates via an RNA intermediate using reverse transcriptase. This unusual life cycle is a hallmark of the Hepadnaviridae family.
For how long can HBV remain infectious in dried blood at room temperature?
90 days
7 days
30 days
1 day
HBV can survive in dried blood and remain infectious for at least seven days at room temperature. This resilience makes environmental decontamination critical in healthcare settings. Proper surface disinfection must account for this persistence to prevent transmission.
What is the primary route of Hepatitis B virus transmission?
Respiratory droplets
Fecal-oral ingestion
Mucosal or percutaneous exposure to infected blood or body fluids
Skin-to-skin contact
HBV is transmitted primarily through mucosal or percutaneous exposure to infected blood or body fluids, including needlestick injuries or sexual contact. Respiratory and skin contact are not typical transmission routes. Awareness of these pathways informs effective infection control and prevention strategies.
Which of the following is considered a bloodborne pathogen?
Varicella-zoster virus
Rhinovirus
Influenza virus
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
HIV is a classic example of a bloodborne pathogen transmitted through infected blood and body fluids. Influenza, varicella-zoster, and rhinovirus are primarily spread via respiratory routes, not blood. Recognizing bloodborne pathogens is essential for standard precaution measures.
Which standard precaution is most effective for preventing HBV transmission in healthcare settings?
Donning face shields only
Wearing gloves during blood draws
Wearing goggles only
Using N95 respirators
Barrier protection with gloves during any procedure involving potential blood exposure is a key standard precaution against HBV. Respirators and goggles protect against airborne and splatter hazards, respectively, but gloves are critical for bloodborne risks. Hand hygiene and proper glove use reduce transmission.
What is the causative agent of tuberculosis?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Candida albicans
Influenza A virus
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the acid-fast bacillus responsible for tuberculosis. It primarily infects the lungs but can disseminate to other organs. Understanding its bacterial nature guides diagnostic and treatment approaches.
Which environmental control measure is most effective for preventing airborne spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in healthcare facilities?
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation
Negative-pressure isolation rooms
Routine surface disinfection
High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration
Negative-pressure rooms prevent contaminated air from escaping into adjacent areas, reducing TB transmission risk. HEPA and UV systems can supplement controls but isolation rooms are primary. Surface disinfection does not address airborne particles.
Which serologic marker is most indicative of acute HBV infection?
Anti-HBs
Anti-HBc IgM
HBeAg
HBsAg
Anti-HBc IgM appears early in acute HBV infection and indicates recent exposure. HBsAg may also be present but does not distinguish acute from chronic infection. Anti-HBs signifies recovery or immunity.
Which environmental condition enhances HBV survival on surfaces?
Ultraviolet light exposure
Alkaline pH
Low temperature
High ambient temperature
HBV remains more stable at lower temperatures, which slows viral degradation. Heat and UV light accelerate viral inactivation. pH extremes can also inactivate HBV. This resilience at low temperatures underscores the need for stringent decontamination.
Which disinfectant and dilution is recommended for inactivating HBV on surfaces?
1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite
5% glutaraldehyde
Quaternary ammonium compounds
70% ethanol
A 1:10 dilution of household bleach (sodium hypochlorite) is effective at inactivating HBV on surfaces. Alcohols and quaternary ammonium compounds are less reliable against bloodborne viruses. Glutaraldehyde may be effective but is not routinely used for general surface disinfection.
What type of respiratory protection is recommended for healthcare workers caring for TB patients?
N95 respirator
Powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR)
Surgical mask
Cloth mask
An N95 respirator fits tightly and filters airborne particles, providing protection against TB droplet nuclei. Surgical and cloth masks do not seal and cannot filter small airborne particles. PAPRs may be used but are not the standard for TB.
What is the minimum infectious dose of HBV in terms of viral particles?
100 particles
10 particles
1,000,000 particles
1,000 particles
HBV is highly infectious, with as few as 10 viral particles capable of causing infection. This low infectious dose highlights the importance of strict bloodborne precautions. Most bloodborne pathogens require a higher dose for transmission.
During which stage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is a person non-contagious?
Miliary TB
Latent TB infection
Primary active TB
Reactivation TB
Individuals with latent TB infection harbor bacteria without signs of active disease and are not contagious. Active pulmonary TB, miliary TB, and reactivation involve bacterial proliferation in the lungs and potential transmission. Latent TB can, however, progress to active disease if untreated.
Which HBV antigen is critical for the virus's attachment to hepatocytes?
HBsAg (surface antigen)
HBx protein
HBeAg (e antigen)
HBcAg (core antigen)
HBsAg is the surface antigen that binds to receptors on hepatocytes, initiating viral entry. Core and e antigens are involved in viral assembly and replication regulation, not attachment. Targeting HBsAg is a key component of HBV vaccines.
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is defined as resistance to which two first-line drugs?
Streptomycin and ethambutol
Isoniazid and rifampin
Rifampin and ethambutol
Isoniazid and pyrazinamide
MDR-TB is characterized by resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin, the two most potent first-line anti-TB medications. Resistance to other drugs defines additional categories such as XDR-TB. Identifying MDR-TB is vital for selecting appropriate treatment regimens.
Which enzyme does HBV use to reverse transcribe its pregenomic RNA into DNA?
Host DNA polymerase
Integrase
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Viral reverse transcriptase
HBV encodes its own reverse transcriptase, which synthesizes viral DNA from an RNA intermediate during replication. This enzyme is targeted by antiviral drugs such as lamivudine. Unlike retroviruses, integration into the host genome is not required for replication.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli in dried sputum can remain viable for up to:
3 days
6 months
2 weeks
5 years
TB bacilli can survive in dried sputum on environmental surfaces for up to six months under favorable conditions. Their lipid-rich cell wall contributes to this resilience. Environmental cleaning alone is insufficient; respiratory precautions are essential.
Which mutation in the HBV surface antigen is most commonly associated with escape from vaccine-induced antibodies?
C promoter deletion
P120S
G145R
A1762T
The G145R mutation in the 'a' determinant of HBsAg alters the antigenic epitope, reducing recognition by vaccine-induced antibodies. This escape mutant can lead to breakthrough infections. Monitoring for such mutations informs vaccine design and booster strategies.
What biosafety level (BSL) is required for routine culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
BSL-3
BSL-1
BSL-4
BSL-2
M. tuberculosis cultures require Biosafety Level 3 containment due to the high risk of inhalation transmission and potential for laboratory-acquired infections. BSL-3 facilities have specialized ventilation and access controls. Lower biosafety levels do not provide adequate protections.
Which factor most enhances HBV stability on inanimate surfaces?
Exposure to UV light
Acidic pH
Presence of organic matter
Low humidity
Organic material such as blood or serum can protect HBV from inactivation on surfaces, prolonging its infectivity. Disinfectants must penetrate and neutralize the virus in the presence of this organic load. UV light and acidic conditions tend to inactivate HBV.
The hepatocyte receptor sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) is critical for entry of which virus?
Hepatitis E virus
Hepatitis C virus
Hepatitis B virus
Hepatitis A virus
HBV and HDV utilize NTCP on hepatocytes as a receptor for viral entry. NTCP binding is the first step in infection and a target for novel antiviral agents. Other hepatitis viruses use different entry mechanisms.
What is the approximate basic reproduction number (R0) for untreated pulmonary tuberculosis?
1 - 2
10 - 15
5 - 6
>20
The R0 for untreated pulmonary TB typically ranges from 10 to 15, indicating each patient can infect many contacts. This high transmissibility underscores the need for rapid diagnosis and isolation. Control measures reduce the effective reproduction number.
Which host enzymes are primarily responsible for converting HBV relaxed circular DNA to covalently closed circular DNA in hepatocyte nuclei?
Host topoisomerase II
Host DNA ligases I and III
Viral polymerase
Host RNase H
HBV relies on host DNA repair machinery, specifically DNA ligases I and III, to seal nicks in the relaxed circular DNA and form stable cccDNA in the nucleus. Viral polymerase lacks ligase activity. cccDNA persistence is a barrier to cure.
In the Wells - Riley equation for airborne TB infection risk, what parameter does 'q' represent?
Quanta generation rate by infectors
Breathing rate of susceptibles
Exposure time
Ventilation rate
'q' in the Wells - Riley model denotes the quanta generation rate, or the number of infectious doses produced per hour by an infected individual. It is crucial for estimating infection risk in indoor environments. Accurate 'q' values inform ventilation and control strategies.
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Study Outcomes

  1. Understand HBV Dried Blood Survival -

    Describe how long hepatitis B virus can remain infectious in dried blood and which environmental factors influence its survival.

  2. Analyze Bloodborne Pathogen Risks -

    Distinguish between the transmission risks of HBV and other bloodborne pathogens to better assess potential exposure scenarios.

  3. Apply Safety Best Practices -

    Implement recommended bloodborne pathogens safety tips when handling or cleaning up dried blood to minimize infection risk.

  4. Evaluate Tuberculosis Transmission -

    Explain key mechanisms of tuberculosis transmission and compare them to bloodborne transmission pathways.

  5. Recall HBV Survival Facts -

    Reinforce critical facts about HBV dried blood survival through targeted quiz questions to improve retention.

  6. Identify Prevention Strategies -

    Outline effective prevention strategies for both bloodborne pathogens and tuberculosis based on quiz insights.

Cheat Sheet

  1. HBV Survival in Dried Blood -

    Hepatitis B virus can remain infectious in dried blood at room temperature for at least 7 days, as reported by the CDC. Studies from NIH-funded research confirm that these HBV dried blood survival facts highlight the need for caution when handling any potentially contaminated surfaces. A handy mnemonic is "7-Day HBV" to recall viral persistence in dried blood.

  2. Transmission Pathways of Bloodborne Pathogens -

    HBV and other bloodborne pathogens test your knowledge on percutaneous and mucous membrane exposures, like needlestick injuries or splashes to the eyes. The risk of infection increases if you touch dried blood and then your mouth or broken skin, making standard biohazard protocols essential. Remember "PIE": Percutaneous, Ingestion, Eyes to recall common transmission routes.

  3. Universal Precautions and Safety Tips -

    Always follow bloodborne pathogens safety tips by using gloves, gowns, and eye protection when handling blood or body fluids to minimize exposure. The OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.1030 outlines practical steps like safe sharps disposal and surface decontamination. Mnemonic "G-SAFE": Gloves, Sharps, Alcohol, Face shield, Environment cleanup helps you remember key steps.

  4. Tuberculosis Transmission Dynamics -

    TB spreads via airborne droplet nuclei less than 5 microns in diameter, so it differs significantly from bloodborne pathogens in transmission. During a tuberculosis transmission quiz, you'll learn that N95 respirators and negative-pressure rooms are key to preventing spread. A simple formula to remember is "TB Air = N95 + Negative Pressure."

  5. Key Facts for Your Pathogen IQ Quiz -

    When answering questions like "can HBV survive in dried blood," recall that it stays viable for days, while HIV survives only hours in similar conditions. Reinforce your knowledge with practice questions covering HBV dried blood survival facts and each step of infection control. A mnemonic "BIDE": Blood, Infection, Decontamination, Elimination helps you ace the bloodborne pathogens test.

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