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Quizzes > Health & Medicine

Diabetes mellitus management posttest quiz

Quick, free diabetes management post-test quiz. Instant results.

Editorial: Review CompletedCreated By: Melissa DooleyUpdated Aug 25, 2025
Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper art diabetes quiz with insulin pump, glucose meter, pills on teal background inviting free care post-test challenge

This diabetes mellitus management posttest quiz helps you check key diabetes care skills and spot gaps in practice. Try a short set now, then review insulin nclex questions, sharpen device use with the glucometer competency quiz, or broaden your care approach with a quick patient care skills quiz.

Which fasting plasma glucose level on two separate occasions is diagnostic for diabetes mellitus?
?126 mg/dL
?200 mg/dL
?100 mg/dL
?140 mg/dL
A fasting plasma glucose level of 126 mg/dL or higher on two separate tests meets the American Diabetes Association criteria for diagnosing diabetes. Levels between 100 and 125 mg/dL indicate impaired fasting glucose (prediabetes). Early identification supports timely lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions.
What is the primary action of insulin in glucose metabolism?
Inhibits protein synthesis
Stimulates cellular uptake of glucose
Promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis
Increases lipolysis
Insulin binds to its receptor on muscle and adipose tissue, triggering GLUT4 transporter translocation to the cell membrane and facilitating glucose uptake. It suppresses hepatic glucose production and promotes glycogen synthesis. This action lowers blood glucose levels and prevents hyperglycemia.
What is the recommended HbA1c target for most nonpregnant adults with diabetes?
<6.5%
<7%
<8%
<7.5%
The ADA recommends an HbA1c goal of less than 7% for most nonpregnant adults to reduce microvascular complications. Individual targets may be adjusted based on comorbidities, hypoglycemia risk, and patient preferences. More stringent or relaxed goals are appropriate in select populations.
Carbohydrate counting is primarily used to manage which aspect of blood glucose control?
Blood pressure
Lipid profile
Postprandial glucose levels
Basal insulin requirements
Carbohydrate counting matches bolus insulin doses to the amount of carbohydrate consumed, directly influencing post-meal glucose excursions. It provides flexibility in meal planning and insulin dosing for better glycemic control. Proper education is essential to ensure accuracy and safety.
Which of the following is a classic symptom of hyperglycemia?
Polyuria
Bradycardia
Sweating
Tremor
Hyperglycemia leads to osmotic diuresis, causing increased urine output or polyuria. This may be accompanied by polydipsia and polyphagia. Prompt recognition helps avoid progression to severe complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis.
Which statement best describes the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes?
Autoimmune destruction of ?-cells
Excess hepatic glucose output
Insulin receptor resistance
Beta-cell hyperplasia
Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic ?-cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency. It often presents in childhood and requires lifelong insulin therapy. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to disease development.
How does regular aerobic exercise affect insulin sensitivity?
Increases glucagon secretion
Decreases insulin sensitivity
Enhances insulin sensitivity
Reduces GLUT4 expression
Regular aerobic exercise improves insulin sensitivity by increasing GLUT4 transporter expression and enhancing glucose uptake into skeletal muscle. It also lowers cardiovascular risk and aids weight management. Patients should monitor glucose to prevent exercise-induced hypoglycemia.
Which of the following is a common sign of hypoglycemia?
Sweating
Increased thirst
Dry mouth
Constipation
Autonomic symptoms of hypoglycemia include sweating, tremors, palpitations, and anxiety. Recognizing these signs early allows prompt treatment with carbohydrates to restore normoglycemia. Severe hypoglycemia can lead to confusion, seizures, and loss of consciousness.
What is the primary mechanism of action of metformin?
Inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis
Blocks GLP-1 degradation
Enhances renal glucose reabsorption
Stimulates pancreatic insulin secretion
Metformin reduces hepatic glucose production and increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. It does not stimulate insulin secretion, which makes it weight-neutral and low risk for hypoglycemia. It remains first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes.
Which laboratory finding is characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis?
Hypernatremia with low osmolarity
Hypokalemia without total body loss
Elevated anion gap metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
DKA features an elevated anion gap metabolic acidosis due to accumulation of ketone bodies. Serum potassium may appear normal or elevated, but total body stores are depleted. Prompt fluid and insulin therapy corrects the metabolic derangements.
What is the first-line treatment for a patient with blood glucose of 50 mg/dL and mild hypoglycemia symptoms?
Administer a small dose of insulin
Consume a protein-rich snack
Ingest 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrate
Inject glucagon
The 15-15 rule recommends ingesting 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrate, waiting 15 minutes, and rechecking blood glucose. If levels remain low, repeat the process. Glucagon is reserved for severe hypoglycemia with loss of consciousness.
How do SGLT2 inhibitors lower blood glucose?
Stimulate hepatic glycogenolysis
Block renal glucose reabsorption
Increase pancreatic ?-cell mass
Inhibit intestinal carbohydrate absorption
SGLT2 inhibitors act in the proximal renal tubule to prevent glucose reabsorption, promoting glucosuria and lowering blood glucose. They also reduce blood pressure and have cardiovascular benefits. Monitoring for dehydration and genital infections is important.
When is basal insulin primarily used in a diabetes regimen?
To treat acute hypoglycemia
To increase insulin sensitivity in muscle
To control hepatic glucose production between meals and overnight
To manage postprandial glucose spikes
Basal insulin provides a steady background insulin level to suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis overnight and between meals. Bolus insulin handles postprandial glucose rises. Proper basal dosing reduces fasting hyperglycemia and overall glycemic variability.
What is the typical onset of action for rapid-acting insulin analogs such as insulin lispro?
30 - 60 minutes
1 - 2 hours
2 - 4 hours
10 - 20 minutes
Rapid-acting insulin analogs begin to work within 10 - 20 minutes of injection, peak at about 1 hour, and last 3 - 5 hours. They are ideally administered just before or immediately after meals to control postprandial glucose. Their quick onset reduces risk of late post-meal hypoglycemia.
How often is self-monitoring of blood glucose generally recommended for patients on multiple daily insulin injections?
Before meals and at bedtime each day
Twice weekly
Only when symptomatic
Once daily fasting only
Patients on multiple daily injections should check glucose before each meal and at bedtime to adjust mealtime insulin and detect hypoglycemia. More frequent checks may be needed with fluctuations. Consistent monitoring correlates with improved glycemic control.
Using the '1800 rule,' if a patient's total daily insulin dose is 60 units, how much will 1 unit of insulin lower their blood glucose?
30 mg/dL
20 mg/dL
60 mg/dL
15 mg/dL
The 1800 rule estimates insulin sensitivity by dividing 1800 by the total daily insulin dose. For a TDD of 60 units, 1800 ÷ 60 equals a 30 mg/dL drop per unit. This guides correction dosing to achieve target glucose levels.
What is the recommended 'time in range' goal for adults with diabetes using continuous glucose monitoring?
>70% of readings between 70 - 180 mg/dL
>90% of readings between 60 - 200 mg/dL
>30% of readings between 80 - 140 mg/dL
>50% of readings between 90 - 150 mg/dL
The international consensus recommends that adults with diabetes spend more than 70% of time between 70 and 180 mg/dL. This correlates with improved HbA1c and fewer complications. Time in range is a key metric for CGM-based therapy adjustments.
How do GLP-1 receptor agonists improve glycemic control?
Inhibit SGLT2 in the kidney
Stimulate glucagon release
Block hepatic glycogenolysis directly
Enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion
GLP-1 receptor agonists stimulate insulin secretion and suppress glucagon in a glucose-dependent manner, slow gastric emptying, and promote satiety. These effects improve postprandial and fasting glucose levels with a low risk of hypoglycemia. They also support weight loss.
When should patients with type 1 diabetes begin screening for diabetic retinopathy?
At the time of diagnosis
Five years after diagnosis
Only if visual symptoms develop
Ten years after diagnosis
The ADA recommends that patients with type 1 diabetes undergo an initial dilated eye exam five years after diagnosis. Annual exams are then advised to detect retinopathy early. Screening at diagnosis is more relevant for type 2 diabetes.
Which strategy is most effective in reducing the risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia in insulin-treated patients?
Increase overnight basal insulin dose
Skip the evening bolus insulin dose
Avoid continuous glucose monitoring at night
Consume a bedtime snack with carbohydrates
A carbohydrate-containing bedtime snack can help stabilize glucose levels overnight and prevent hypoglycemia. Adjusting basal insulin downward or using continuous glucose monitoring alarms also helps, but the snack is simple and effective. Omitting bolus insulin increases daytime hyperglycemia.
What is a key advantage of insulin pump therapy compared to multiple daily injections?
No need for glucose monitoring
Flexible basal rate adjustments
Lower equipment cost
Reduced infection risk
Insulin pumps allow programmable basal rate changes throughout the day and temporary rates for exercise or illness. This flexibility can improve glycemic control and reduce hypoglycemia. Pumps do require regular infusion set changes and continued glucose monitoring.
What is the first step in managing a diabetic foot ulcer?
Surgical amputation
Strict glycemic control only
Debridement and offloading the pressure area
Immediate systemic antibiotics
Effective management begins with thorough wound debridement and pressure offloading to promote healing. Infection control, vascular assessment, and glycemic optimization are subsequent steps. Early intervention reduces risk of complications.
Which control algorithm is employed by many hybrid closed-loop insulin pump systems to predict insulin needs?
Fuzzy logic control
Fixed-rate open-loop control
Proportional - integral - derivative control
Model predictive control
Hybrid closed-loop systems like the Medtronic 670G use model predictive control algorithms to forecast future glucose levels based on insulin-on-board and glycemic trends. This allows dynamic basal adjustments to maintain glucose within range. PID and fuzzy logic have also been explored but are less common in commercial systems.
How should basal insulin rates be adjusted in an insulin pump when traveling across multiple time zones?
Gradually shift basal programming over several days to match new local time
Double the basal rate until returning home
Maintain home time?based rates without change
Eliminate basal insulin and use only bolus doses
To adapt safely, patients should use temporary basal rate programs to incrementally shift insulin delivery timing over multiple hours or days. This approach minimizes risk of hypo- or hyperglycemia due to abrupt changes. Pump software often supports gradual clock shifts.
Why is monitoring ketones essential when prescribing SGLT2 inhibitors to type 1 diabetic patients?
To assess renal tubular function
To adjust SGLT2 inhibitor dosing
To prevent hypoglycemia episodes
To detect risk of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis
SGLT2 inhibitors increase the risk of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis, which may present with normal glucose levels but elevated ketones. Regular ketone monitoring allows early detection and treatment. Patient education on DKA signs is critical when using these agents in type 1 diabetes.
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Study Outcomes

  1. Apply Insulin Administration Protocols -

    Use standardized hospital insulin protocols to calculate dosages, schedule administration, and adjust treatment based on patient-specific factors and blood glucose readings.

  2. Interpret Blood Glucose Monitoring Data -

    Analyze blood sugar trends and recognize patterns to inform timely interventions and improve glycemic control in inpatient settings.

  3. Evaluate Patient Education Strategies -

    Assess and implement effective teaching methods to enhance patient understanding of self-monitoring, diet, and lifestyle modifications for diabetes care.

  4. Analyze Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia Interventions -

    Identify signs and symptoms of glycemic emergencies and execute evidence-based interventions to manage acute episodes safely.

  5. Enhance Confidence in Hospital Diabetes Management -

    Demonstrate mastery of core diabetes care principles through the skills module diabetes management posttest to strengthen clinical decision-making.

Cheat Sheet

  1. Insulin Types and Action Profiles -

    Review rapid- (e.g., lispro onset 15 min, peak 1 - 2 hr) versus long-acting insulins (e.g., glargine onset 1 - 2 hr, no pronounced peak) to answer insulin protocol questions on your skills module diabetes management posttest. Understanding these profiles helps you match dosing to meals and basal needs, reducing hypo- and hyperglycemia. (Source: American Diabetes Association Standards of Care)

  2. Total Daily Dose and Distribution -

    Calculate Total Daily Dose (TDD) as 0.4 - 0.5 units/kg for most adults, then split 50% basal and 50% bolus insulin for hospital diabetes management assessment. For example, a 70 kg patient has a TDD of 35 units: 17 units basal and 18 units divided among meals. (Source: Joslin Diabetes Center)

  3. Insulin-to-Carb Ratio & Correction Factor -

    Use the "500 Rule" (500 / TDD) to find an insulin-to-carb ratio (e.g., 500/35 ≈ 15 g carb per unit) and the "1800 Rule" (1800 / TDD) for correction factor (e.g., 1800/35 ≈ 50 mg/dL per unit). Mastering these formulas is a common focus in any diabetes management quiz or diabetes care test. (Source: University Endocrine Guidelines)

  4. Hypoglycemia Recognition & Rule of 15 -

    Identify symptoms (sweating, confusion, tremor) and treat with the Rule of 15: consume 15 g fast-acting carbs, wait 15 minutes, recheck glucose, repeat if <70 mg/dL. This mnemonic is essential for both a diabetes refresher quiz and real-world patient safety. (Source: Mayo Clinic)

  5. Blood Glucose Targets & Monitoring -

    Memorize ADA targets: premeal 80 - 130 mg/dL and postmeal <180 mg/dL, documenting results in hospital charts per protocol. Frequent point-of-care checks and trend analysis improve outcomes and are key topics on a diabetes management quiz. (Source: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence)

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