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Quizzes > Health & Medicine > Human Anatomy & Medicine

Think You Know Medical Prefixes? Test Yourself Now

Test prefixes like adeno, arthro and epi - dive into the quiz now!

Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper art heart lung and blood vessel shapes with medical prefixes angio epi dys text on coral background

This quiz helps you practice the angio prefix and other core medical prefixes. Work through items on epi, dys, arthro, and adeno, then see your score to spot gaps before an exam. Want more? Review acro tips or open the practice exam.

What does the prefix angio- mean?
Bone
Nerve
Air
Vessel
The prefix angio- derives from the Greek word angeion, meaning vessel. It is used in medical terms related to blood or lymphatic vessels. For example, angioplasty refers to the surgical repair or unblocking of vessels.
What does the prefix epi- mean?
Below
Between
Within
Upon or above
The prefix epi- comes from the Greek word epí, meaning upon or above. It appears in terms like epidermis (the outer layer of skin) and epiglottis (the flap upon the glottis). It indicates a position immediately over or above something.
What does the prefix dys- mean?
Fast
Bad, difficult, or painful
Large
Small
The prefix dys- is of Greek origin and means bad, difficult, or painful. It is used in terms such as dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) and dysuria (painful urination). This prefix signals an abnormal or impaired function.
What is angioscopy?
Visual examination of blood vessels
Removal of a vessel
Injection into a vessel
Surgical repair of vessels
Angioscopy combines angio- (vessel) with -scopy (visual examination) to describe the endoscopic visualization of the interior of blood vessels. It is performed to inspect vessel walls and detect blockages or lesions. This procedure helps guide therapeutic interventions.
What does the term epigastric refer to?
Above the stomach
Behind the stomach
Below the diaphragm
Inside the stomach
Epigastric is formed from epi- (above) and gastric (stomach) to indicate the region above the stomach. It is one of nine anatomical abdominal regions. Clinicians examine this area when patients report upper abdominal pain.
Dysphagia refers to difficulty in which function?
Swallowing
Hearing
Speaking
Breathing
Dysphagia combines dys- (difficulty) with phagia (eating or swallowing) to describe difficulty swallowing. It can result from neurological disorders or structural blockages. Early evaluation is critical to prevent aspiration.
Angioplasty is a procedure that:
Visualizes a blood vessel
Removes a blood vessel
Sutures a blood vessel
Dilatess a blood vessel to improve blood flow
Angioplasty combines angio- (vessel) with -plasty (surgical repair) and refers to the procedure that dilates narrowed or blocked blood vessels, often with a balloon catheter. It restores adequate blood flow in conditions like coronary artery disease. Follow-up may include stent placement.
Dysmenorrhea refers to pain during:
Menstruation
Sleep
Exercise
Digestion
Dysmenorrhea combines dys- (painful) with menorrhea (menstrual flow) and refers to painful menstrual cramps. It is a common gynecological complaint. Treatment may include NSAIDs or hormonal therapy.
What does angiitis mean?
Suture of a blood vessel
Inflammation of a blood vessel
Visual examination of a blood vessel
Dilation of a blood vessel
Angiitis combines angio- (vessel) with -itis (inflammation) to describe inflammation of blood vessels. This can affect arteries and veins, leading to symptoms like pain and organ dysfunction. Vasculitis is a related term often used interchangeably.
What is the epicardium?
The outer layer of the heart
The inner lining of the heart chambers
The sac surrounding the heart
The muscle layer of the heart
The epicardium is formed from epi- (upon) and cardium (heart) and refers to the heart's outermost layer. It provides protection and houses blood vessels that supply the heart muscle. It is one part of the pericardium.
What does an angiogram show?
Sound waves through a vessel
Pressure inside a vessel
Images of blood vessels
Removal of a blood vessel
An angiogram uses contrast dye and X-rays to create images of blood vessels. The suffix -gram means record or picture, combined with angio- (vessel). It detects blockages or malformations.
What is the epidermis?
The layer beneath the dermis
The vascular layer of skin
The outermost layer of skin
The fat layer beneath the skin
The epidermis combines epi- (upon) with dermis (skin) and refers to the skin's outer layer. It acts as a barrier against environmental hazards. It continuously renews itself via cell division.
What does angiogenesis refer to?
Inflammation of vessels
Formation of new blood vessels
Suture of a vessel
Dilation of existing vessels
Angiogenesis combines angio- (vessel) with -genesis (formation) to describe the growth of new blood vessels. It is crucial in wound healing and tumor growth. Anti-angiogenic therapies target this process in cancer treatment.
Which condition is characterized by difficulty with language comprehension or expression, specifically in speech production, without total loss of language function?
Dysphasia
Aphasia
Dysphagia
Dysarthria
Dysphasia combines dys- (difficulty) with phasia (speech) to describe impaired speech production or comprehension, while language function is partially preserved. Aphasia implies complete loss of language. Dysarthria refers to motor speech impairment.
Angioedema is best defined as:
Blockage of lymphatic vessels
Excess fluid in alveoli
Inflammation of blood vessels
Swelling of deep dermal and subcutaneous tissues due to vascular leakage
Angioedema combines angio- (vessel) with edema (swelling) and refers to rapid swelling of deeper skin layers caused by increased vascular permeability. It often affects the face or airway and can be life-threatening. Treatment depends on cause and severity.
What does epidural anesthesia involve?
Injection of anesthetic beneath the dura mater
Injection into a blood vessel
Injection of anesthetic above the dura mater
General anesthesia via inhalation
Epidural combines epi- (upon) with dural (dura mater) and refers to the injection of anesthetic into the space above the dura. It provides regional analgesia, commonly used in labor. Proper needle placement is confirmed by loss of resistance technique.
Dysuria refers to pain or difficulty in:
Urination
Defecation
Speaking
Breathing
Dysuria combines dys- (painful) with -uria (urination) to describe discomfort during urination. It is a common symptom of urinary tract infections. Evaluation includes urinalysis and culture.
What is an angiectomy?
Dilation of a vessel
Suture of a vessel
Visual examination of a vessel
Surgical removal of a blood vessel
Angiectomy combines angio- (vessel) with -ectomy (removal) to describe the surgical excision of a blood vessel. This procedure may be performed to remove diseased or obstructed segments. Reconstruction or grafting may follow.
The term epinephrine literally means:
Below the kidney
Surrounding the kidney
Upon the kidney
Within the kidney
Epinephrine combines epi- (upon) with nephros (kidney) to mean 'upon the kidney.' It reflects its origin in the adrenal glands located above the kidneys. It is also known as adrenaline.
Dyspepsia is best described as:
Painful urination
Difficulty swallowing
Difficulty breathing
Indigestion or difficult digestion
Dyspepsia combines dys- (bad) with pepsia (digestion) and refers to indigestion or an upset stomach. Symptoms include bloating and nausea. Management includes dietary changes and antacids.
Angiorrhaphy refers to:
Visual examination of a blood vessel
Dilation of a blood vessel
Suturing of a blood vessel
Removal of a blood vessel
Angiorrhaphy combines angio- (vessel) with -rrhaphy (suture) to describe the surgical suturing of a blood vessel. It may be performed to repair vessel trauma or during grafting. This technique restores vessel integrity.
Angiopathy means:
Dilation of blood vessels
Disease of blood vessels
Inflammation of blood vessels
Visual examination of blood vessels
Angiopathy combines angio- (vessel) with -pathy (disease) to describe any disease affecting blood vessels. Diabetic angiopathy is a common example. Management targets underlying conditions.
Angiectasis refers to:
Dilation of a blood vessel
Suture of a blood vessel
Visual examination of a blood vessel
Inflammation of a blood vessel
Angiectasis combines angio- (vessel) with -ectasis (dilation) to describe the abnormal expansion of blood vessels. It may occur in conditions such as telangiectasia. Diagnosis often uses imaging studies.
What does dysphonia refer to?
Difficulty speaking words in sequence
Difficulty swallowing
Difficulty producing vocal sounds
Difficulty breathing
Dysphonia combines dys- (difficulty) with phon (voice) and refers to disorders of voice production, such as hoarseness. It differs from dysarthria, which affects articulation, and dysphasia, which affects language processing. Diagnosis includes laryngoscopy.
Epistaxis refers to bleeding from the:
Throat
Nose
Gums
Ears
Epistaxis comes from epi- (upon) and staxis (dripping) and refers to nosebleeds. It is a common ENT emergency. Management depends on severity and source of bleeding.
What does aphagia mean?
Inability to speak
Difficulty swallowing
Difficulty speaking
Inability to swallow
Aphagia combines a- (without) with phagia (swallowing) and refers to the complete inability to swallow. It is distinct from dysphagia, which is difficulty swallowing. It may occur in severe neurological conditions.
Angiomyoma is a tumor composed of:
Blood vessels and muscle tissue
Blood vessels and bone tissue
Blood vessels and fat tissue
Blood vessels and nerve tissue
Angiomyoma combines angio- (vessel) with myoma (muscle tumor) to describe a benign tumor of vascular and smooth muscle origin. It often occurs in the uterus or skin. Histopathology confirms diagnosis.
Lymphangitis is inflammation of:
Lymphatic vessels
Blood vessels
Lymph nodes
Arteries
Lymphangitis combines lymph- (lymph) with angitis (inflammation) to describe inflammation of lymphatic vessels, often due to infection. It presents with red streaks and fever. Prompt antibiotic treatment is required.
What is an angiolipoma?
A benign tumor of muscle and fat
A malignant tumor of muscle and blood vessels
A malignant tumor of fat and blood vessels
A benign tumor of fat and blood vessels
Angiolipoma combines angio- (vessel) with lipoma (fat tumor) to describe a benign subcutaneous tumor composed of adipose tissue and small blood vessels. It often causes pain and requires surgical removal. Histology shows vascular channels within fat.
Angiodysplasia most commonly affects which organ system?
Renal system
Respiratory tract
Gastrointestinal tract
Central nervous system
Angiodysplasia refers to dilated, tortuous blood vessels in the GI tract, especially the colon. It can cause occult bleeding and anemia. Diagnosis often involves endoscopy.
The literal meaning of epiglottis is:
Behind the tongue
Upon the tongue
Below the tongue
Above the windpipe
Epiglottis combines epi- (upon) with glottis (mouth of windpipe or tongue) to literally mean 'upon the tongue.' It acts as a flap preventing food entry into the airway during swallowing. Dysfunction can lead to aspiration.
Dysplasia refers to:
Abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
Excessive growth of cells
Pain in a tissue
Inflammation of a tissue
Dysplasia combines dys- (abnormal) with -plasia (formation) to describe disordered cell growth often seen as a precancerous change. It appears in epithelial layers of organs like the cervix. Monitoring and treatment prevent progression.
In dysarthria, the prefix dys- signifies:
Difficulty
Excess
Absence
Normal
Dysarthria combines dys- (difficulty) with arthria (articulation) to describe impaired speech due to neuromuscular problems. It affects the muscles used for speech production without impacting language. Therapy focuses on strength and coordination.
What does the term angioid mean?
Disease of blood vessels
Removal of blood vessels
Resembling blood vessels
Containing blood vessels
Angioid combines angio- (vessel) with -oid (resembling) to mean having the appearance of or resembling blood vessels. It can describe retinal changes in angioid streaks.
Dysautonomia refers to:
Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system
Inflammation of autonomic nerves
Increased autonomic activity
Removal of autonomic ganglia
Dysautonomia combines dys- (abnormal) with autonomic nervous system and refers to a range of disorders affecting involuntary bodily functions. Symptoms include orthostatic hypotension and gastrointestinal dysmotility. Management is symptomatic.
Angioedema specifically involves swelling of:
Superficial skin layers only
Lymphatic vessels only
Arterial walls only
Deep dermal and subcutaneous tissues due to vascular leakage
Angioedema is characterized by rapid swelling of deeper layers of the skin and mucous membranes due to leakage from post-capillary venules. It differs from urticaria, which affects superficial dermis. It may be hereditary or acquired.
What does angiostomy refer to?
Imaging of a blood vessel
Excision of a blood vessel
Surgical creation of an opening into a blood vessel
Suture of a blood vessel
Angiostomy combines angio- (vessel) with -stomy (creating an opening) to describe the surgical formation of an opening into a blood vessel. It is used for access in procedures like arteriovenous fistulas.
In the context of epigenetics, the prefix epi- means:
Outside of cells
Above or on (the genome)
Within the cytoplasm
Below the nucleus
In epigenetics, epi- (upon) refers to chemical modifications 'upon' the DNA or histones that regulate gene expression without altering the genetic code. These changes include methylation and acetylation. They influence phenotype and can be heritable.
Which condition is characterized by impaired motor control of speech, resulting in slurred or slow speech with preserved language skills?
Aphasia
Dysphonia
Dysphasia
Dysarthria
Dysarthria combines dys- (difficulty) with arthria (articulation) and refers to neuromuscular impairment affecting the muscles used in speech production. Language comprehension and formation are typically intact. Management involves speech therapy and sometimes assistive devices.
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Study Outcomes

  1. Identify Angio Prefix -

    Understand that the angio prefix refers to blood vessels and recognize examples of its use in medical terms. Build a foundation for decoding complex vascular terminology.

  2. Differentiate Epi and Dys Prefixes -

    Distinguish between the medical terminology prefix epi ("upon or above") and the medical terminology prefix dys ("bad or difficult"). Choose the correct prefix based on word meaning and context.

  3. Explain Arthro Prefix Meaning -

    Explain how the arthro prefix relates to joints and apply this knowledge to interpret terms like arthroscopy. Improve your ability to break down musculoskeletal vocabulary.

  4. Apply Prefix Adeno in Context -

    Use the prefix adeno ("gland") to analyze and define gland-related terms, such as adenopathy. Strengthen your glandular terminology skills.

  5. Analyze Prefix Modification -

    Break down complex medical words into prefixes, roots, and suffixes to infer their overall definitions. Enhance your analytical approach to medical terminology.

  6. Boost Vocabulary Recall -

    Increase confidence and speed when encountering common prefixes in quizzes and real-world scenarios. Solidify your mastery of essential medical terminology stems.

Cheat Sheet

  1. Decoding the angio Prefix -

    The angio prefix, meaning "vessel" (from Greek angeion), is used in angiography and angiosclerosis to denote blood-vessel procedures or conditions. Picture an angiogram as a "vessel graph" to recall it easily - tips backed by the NIH National Library of Medicine. Mastery of angio prefix allows quick identification of vascular terminology in cardiology.

  2. Mastering the medical terminology prefix epi -

    In medical terminology, the prefix epi means "upon" or "above," as seen in epidermis ("upon the skin") and epigastric ("above the stomach"). Use the mnemonic "EPIpen sits on top" to lock in its "above" meaning - endorsed by the Medical University of South Carolina. Recognizing epi- enhances your understanding of layered anatomical structures.

  3. Understanding the medical terminology prefix dys -

    The medical terminology prefix dys, from Greek for "bad" or "difficult," appears in dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) and dysplasia (abnormal tissue formation). Recall "Dys- sounds like 'miss,' something's missing or wrong," a tip supported by Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary. Spotting dys- quickly indicates disorders or dysfunctions.

  4. Exploring the arthro prefix meaning -

    The arthro prefix meaning "joint," derived from Greek arthron, features in arthritis (joint inflammation) and arthroplasty (joint surgery). Try "arthro = art + row: joints make movement as smooth as art" for a memorable twist, inspired by Johns Hopkins Medicine. This prefix is key for musculoskeletal medical vocabulary.

  5. Grasping the prefix adeno -

    The prefix adeno means "gland," as in adenopathy (gland disease) and adenocarcinoma (glandular tumor), a foundation for endocrinology and oncology terms. Imagine "A Den of glands" to fix it in memory, a strategy found in Cleveland Clinic educational resources. Understanding adeno- unlocks nuanced gland-related terminology.

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