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Quizzes > Health & Medicine > Human Anatomy & Medicine

Roots and Combining Forms Quiz: Master Medical Terms

Think you can match the combining form for groin and front? Dive in!

Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
paper cut medical prefixes icons and letters on coral background promoting roots and combining forms quiz

This Roots and Combining Forms quiz helps you practice medical terminology by matching each combining form or root to its meaning, from front to groin. Get instant feedback to spot gaps fast and build recall for class or exams. For more drills, try extra practice .

Which combining form means front?
poster/o
anter/o
dors/o
ventr/o
The combining form anter/o means "front" or "before" in medical terminology. It is used in words like anterior, which describes the front of the body or body part. Other combining forms like poster/o refer to the back, and dors/o also refers to the back or posterior aspect.
Which combining form means back or behind?
anter/o
dors/o
ventr/o
medi/o
The combining form dors/o refers to the back or posterior part of the body. It appears in terms like dorsal, meaning toward the back. Anter/o refers to the front, while ventr/o refers to the belly side.
Which combining form refers to the head?
cephal/o
cran/o
encephal/o
corpor/o
The combining form cephal/o means "head." It is used in words such as cephalic, indicating toward the head. Encephal/o refers specifically to the brain, and cran/o refers to the skull.
Which combining form denotes the chest?
thorac/o
abdomin/o
pector/o
cost/o
The combining form thorac/o refers to the chest area, as seen in thoracic. Pector/o is also related to chest but typically used in terms like pectoralis. Cost/o refers to ribs, and abdomin/o refers to the abdomen.
Which combining form means heart?
coron/o
ven/o
arteri/o
cardi/o
The combining form cardi/o means "heart" and appears in terms such as cardiology. Coron/o refers to crown or coronary arteries, not the heart muscle itself. Arteri/o refers to arteries, and ven/o to veins.
Which combining form stands for lung?
nephr/o
pulmon/o
pneum/o
bronch/o
The combining form pulmon/o refers to the lung, used in pulmonology. Pneum/o refers broadly to air or gas. Bronch/o refers to the bronchial tubes, and nephr/o refers to the kidney.
Which combining form refers to the stomach?
pancreat/o
enter/o
hepat/o
gastr/o
The combining form gastr/o means "stomach," as in gastritis. Hepat/o refers to the liver, enter/o to the intestines, and pancreat/o to the pancreas.
Which combining form denotes the kidney?
nephr/o
ur/o
ren/o
cyst/o
The combining form ren/o refers to the kidney, seen in renal. Nephr/o also means kidney but is used in nephrology. Ur/o typically refers to urine, and cyst/o to the bladder.
Which combining form means blood?
leuk/o
erythr/o
sanguin/o
hem/o
The combining form hem/o means "blood," as in hemoglobin. Sanguin/o is Latin-based for blood. Erythr/o means red, and leuk/o means white.
Which combining form refers to the liver?
ren/o
hepat/o
pancreat/o
splen/o
The combining form hepat/o means "liver," as in hepatitis. Splen/o refers to the spleen, pancreat/o to the pancreas, and ren/o to the kidney.
Which combining form denotes the eye?
ophthalm/o
blephar/o
kerat/o
opt/o
The combining form ophthalm/o means "eye," as in ophthalmology. Opt/o refers to vision or sight, blephar/o to the eyelid, and kerat/o to the cornea.
Which combining form means colon?
ile/o
rect/o
col/o
enter/o
The combining form col/o refers specifically to the colon, as seen in colitis. Enter/o refers to intestines broadly, rect/o to the rectum, and ile/o to the ileum.
Which combining form denotes joint?
chondr/o
tendin/o
arthr/o
ligament/o
The combining form arthr/o means "joint," as in arthritis. Tendin/o refers to tendons, ligament/o to ligaments, and chondr/o to cartilage.
Which combining form refers to muscle?
sarc/o
my/o
fibul/o
fibr/o
The combining form my/o means "muscle," as in myopathy. Sarc/o means flesh, fibr/o means fiber, and fibul/o refers to the fibula bone.
Which combining form means nerve?
neur/o
nephr/o
myel/o
encephal/o
The combining form neur/o means "nerve," as in neuralgia. Nephr/o refers to kidney, myel/o to bone marrow or spinal cord, and encephal/o to brain.
Which combining form refers to bone?
arthr/o
oste/o
medull/o
cortic/o
The combining form oste/o means "bone," as in osteoporosis. Cortic/o refers to the cortex, medull/o to the medulla, and arthr/o to joints.
Which combining form denotes skin?
oste/o
nephr/o
dermat/o
hepat/o
The combining form dermat/o means "skin," as in dermatologist. Nephr/o refers to kidney, hepat/o to liver, and oste/o to bone.
Which combining form means nose?
rhin/o
arteri/o
laryng/o
tonsill/o
The combining form rhin/o means "nose," as in rhinitis. Arteri/o refers to arteries, laryng/o to the larynx, and tonsill/o to the tonsils.
Which combining form denotes ear?
ot/o
ophthalm/o
rhin/o
nas/o
The combining form ot/o means "ear," as in otology. Nas/o refers to the nose, rhin/o also to the nose, and ophthalm/o to the eye.
Which combining form means disease or suffering?
morph/o
path/o
bio/o
carcin/o
The combining form path/o means "disease" or "suffering," as in pathology. Carcin/o refers to cancer, morph/o to form or shape, and bio/o to life.
Which combining form refers to kidney in a specialty context?
nephr/o
ren/o
oophor/o
urethr/o
The combining form nephr/o is used in contexts like nephrology for kidney. Ren/o also means kidney but is used in renal contexts. Urethr/o refers to the urethra, and oophor/o to the ovary.
Which combining form means spleen?
lien/o
hepat/o
splen/o
enter/o
The combining form splen/o means "spleen," as in splenomegaly. Hepat/o refers to liver, lien/o is a Latin variant for spleen but less commonly used, and enter/o to intestines.
Which combining form means white?
xanth/o
leuk/o
melan/o
erythr/o
The combining form leuk/o means "white," as in leukocyte (white blood cell). Erythr/o means red, melan/o black, and xanth/o yellow.
Which combining form denotes black?
leuk/o
melan/o
chlor/o
cirrh/o
The combining form melan/o means "black," as in melanoma. Leuk/o means white, cirrh/o yellowish, and chlor/o greenish.
Which combining form means yellow?
cirrh/o
lute/o
xanth/o
jaund/o
The combining form xanth/o means "yellow," as in xanthoma. Cirrh/o refers to orange-yellow, jaund/o a yellow color related to jaundice, and lute/o yellow in Latin roots.
Which combining form denotes green?
cyan/o
virid/o
xanth/o
chlor/o
The combining form chlor/o means "green," as in chlorophyll. Cyan/o means blue, virid/o greenish but less common, and xanth/o yellow.
Which combining form refers to striated muscle tissue?
fibros/o
leiomy/o
my/o
rhabdomy/o
The combining form rhabdomy/o means "striated (skeletal) muscle." My/o refers to muscle in general, leiomy/o to smooth muscle, and fibros/o to fibrous tissue.
Which combining form means hair?
kerat/o
dermat/o
pil/o
trich/o
The combining form trich/o means "hair," as in trichology. Pil/o also relates to hair but trich/o is the standard form. Kerat/o refers to the cornea or keratin, and dermat/o to skin.
Which combining form denotes vagina?
pylor/o
cyst/o
urethr/o
colp/o
The combining form colp/o means "vagina," as in colposcopy. Uretrh/o refers to the urethra, cyst/o to bladder, and pylor/o to the pylorus of the stomach.
Which combining form refers to the Fallopian tube?
aer/o
phleb/o
salping/o
vas/o
The combining form salping/o means "tube," specifically the Fallopian tubes, as in salpingitis. Vas/o refers to the vas deferens, phleb/o to veins, and aer/o to air.
Which combining form means gallbladder?
chondr/o
cyst/o
cholecyst/o
chol/o
The combining form cholecyst/o means "gallbladder," as in cholecystectomy. Chol/o refers to bile, cyst/o to bladder, and chondr/o to cartilage.
Which combining form denotes pancreas?
hepat/o
pancreat/o
ren/o
gastr/o
The combining form pancreat/o means "pancreas," as in pancreatitis. Gastr/o refers to stomach, hepat/o to liver, and ren/o to kidney.
Which combining form means fat?
cyt/o
angi/o
prote/o
adip/o
The combining form adip/o means "fat," as in adipose tissue. Prote/o refers to protein, cyt/o to cells, and angi/o to vessels.
Which combining form refers to the groin?
cox/o
pelv/o
pub/o
inguin/o
The combining form inguin/o means "groin," as in inguinal hernia. Pub/o refers to the pubis region, pelv/o to the pelvis, and cox/o to the hip.
Which combining form denotes the navel or umbilicus?
mast/o
cephal/o
cervic/o
omphal/o
The combining form omphal/o means "navel" or "umbilicus," as in omphalitis. Cervic/o refers to the neck region, mast/o to the breast, and cephal/o to the head.
Which combining form means cartilage?
myel/o
sept/o
chondr/o
oste/o
The combining form chondr/o means "cartilage," as in chondritis. Oste/o refers to bone, myel/o to marrow or spinal cord, and sept/o to a septum or wall.
Which combining form refers to the placenta?
uter/o
amni/o
chorion/o
placent/o
The combining form placent/o means "placenta," as in placentitis. Amni/o refers to the amnion, chorion/o to the chorion, and uter/o to the uterus.
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Study Outcomes

  1. Identify Combining Forms -

    Recognize and recall key combining forms such as ante- (front) and inguin/o (groin) to decode complex medical terms accurately.

  2. Differentiate Regional Roots -

    Distinguish combining forms for various body regions, ensuring you can pinpoint terms related to the front, groin, and other anatomical areas.

  3. Apply Terminology in Context -

    Demonstrate your ability to apply anatomical combining forms correctly within medical terms through practical quiz questions.

  4. Analyze Term Structures -

    Break down and analyze medical terminology components to understand their meaning and construction.

  5. Enhance Terminology Mastery -

    Boost your confidence and proficiency in medical language with immediate feedback and a scored assessment.

Cheat Sheet

  1. Fundamentals of Combining Forms -

    Combining forms are root words paired with a vowel - commonly "o," "i," or "e" - to ease pronunciation when attaching suffixes or prefixes (Mayo Clinic). Recognizing that "hepat/o" combines "hepat" (liver) with "o" helps you form "hepatology." Practice by listing body systems and their combining forms to build familiarity.

  2. Combining Form for "Front" (anter/o) -

    The combining form anter/o means "front" or "before," as seen in "anterior" (front side of the body) (Johns Hopkins Medicine). A handy mnemonic is "anter = ante" like "ante up" meaning "before." Remember anter/o for all anterior anatomical references.

  3. Combining Form for "Groin" (inguin/o) -

    Inguin/o denotes the groin area, used in terms like "inguinal hernia" where abdominal contents protrude into the groin (Cleveland Clinic). Think "Ingrid's groin" to cement the association. Spotting inguin/o quickly boosts quiz speed and accuracy.

  4. Spotting Common Combining Vowels -

    Most combining forms end in "o," but you'll also see "i" (e.g., tens/i/o for tension) and "e" (arthr/e for joints) in advanced terms (University of Washington). Use flashcards to pair roots with their vowels - shuffle and self-test to internalize patterns. This tactic reduces hesitation when constructing or deconstructing terms.

  5. Building Multi-Part Terms -

    Complex medical words often fuse multiple combining forms plus a suffix - for example, cardio+myo+pathy = cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease) (NIH). Break down such words into each component to interpret meaning quickly. A simple rule: read head-to-tail - root, combining form, then suffix - to decode any term.

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