Histologie
Quelle couche du tractus gastrointestinale qui contient le tissu lymphoide ?
Muqueuse
Sous muqueuse
Musculeuse
Muscularis mucosae
Sereuse
Quelle cellule qui sécrète le pepsinogène ?
Cellules Pariétales
Cellules bordantes
Cellules principales du corps
Cellules principale du col
Cellules Pariétales et Cellules bordantes
Quelle couche qui contient le plexus de Meissner ?
Muqueuse
Sous muqueuse
Musculeuse
Séreuse
Adventice
Quel type de tissu qui recouvre la plupart du tractus gastrointestinal ?
épithélium pavimenteux simple
épithélium cubique simple
épithélium cylindrique simple
épithélium pavimenteux stratifié
épithélium transitionnel
Quel type de tissu qui recouvre la muqueuse oesophagienne ?
épithélium pavimenteux simple
épithélium cubique simple
épithélium cylindrique simple
épithélium pavimenteux stratifié
épithélium transitionnel
Quel est la modification de la musculeuse qui se présente au niveau du colon ?
Teniae coli
Crypte de Lieberkuhn
Valvules conniventes
Plateau strié
Villosité
Où sont les glandes de Brunner localisées ?
OEsophage
Estomac
Intestin grêle
Gros intestin
Rectum
Quelle est la principale cellule de l’épithélium intestinal du colon ?
Entérocyte
Cellules caliciformes
Cellules Pariétales
Cellules de Paneth
Cellules principales
Dans quelle region se trouvent de nombreuses cellules caliciforme ?
Oesophage
Estomac
Intestin grêle
Gros intestin
Anus
On peut trouver le mésothélium dans quelle couche ?
Muqueuse
Sous muqueuse
Musculeuse
Sereuse
Adventice
Quelle est la couche la plus interne du tractus gastrointestinal ?
Muqueuse
Sous muqueuse
Musculaire muqueuse
Musculeuse
Séreuse
Le plexus Auerbach se trouve dans quelle couche du tractus gastrointestinale ?
La sous muqueuse
La musculaire muqueuse
La muqueuse
La séreuse
La musculeuse
Quelle est la glande muqueuse qu’on trouve dans le duodénum ?
Glande fundique
Glande sudoripare
Glande de Lieberkuhn
Glande cardiaoesophagienne
Glande de Brunner
Les cellules du tractus gastrointestinale, qui sécrètent de l’acide chlorhidrique ?
Cellule principale du col
Cellule caliciforme
Cellule de Paneth
Cellule pariétale
Cellule du système APUT
Où se trouve la couche des infundibulums du tractus gastrointestinal ?
Rectum
Duodénum
œsophage
Colon
Estomac
Quelle est la cellule la plus significative de l’estomac fundique ?
Cellule caliciforme
Cellule de Paneth
Cellule bordante
Cellule principale
Cellule entérochromaffine
Quelle partie suivante qui est la portion exocrine du pancréas ?
. Ilôt de Langerhans
Cellule alpha
Cellule Béta
Cellule Delta
Acini
Quelle structure qui est au milieu du lobule hépatique ?
Artère hépatique
Espace porte
Veine centrolobulaire
Branche de la veine porte
Sinusoïde
Quelle est le nom de l’espace entre les capillaires sinusoïdes et les hépatocytes ?
Espace de Disse
Espace de Mall
Vacuole
Lacune
Lacune de Howship
Quelle est le nom d’une masse cellulaire qui est une portion endocrine du pancréas ?
Ilôt de Langerhans
Cellule alpha
Cellule Béta
Cellule delta
Acini
Quelles structures qui sont parties de l’ espace porte ?
Branche de la veine porte
Branche de l’artère hépatique
Veine centrolobulaire
Capillaires sinusoïdes
Branche de l’artère hépatique et Branche de la veine porte
Quelle est l’unité fonctionnelle du foie ?
Lobule hépatique
Espace de Kiernan
Veine centrolobulaire
Hépatocytes
Capillaires sinusoides
Quelles sont les valves qui régularisent le flux de la bile dans l’intestin grêle ?
Sinus Rokitansky Aschoff
Canal de Luschka
Canal de Wirsung
Ampoule de Vater
Sphincter d’ Oddi
Quelle cellule du pancréas qui sécrète du somatostatine ?
Ilôt de Langerhans
Cllules Alpha
Cellules Béta
Cellules Delta
Cellules gamma
Quelle est l’ouverture du canal pancréatique dans le duodénum ?
Sinus Rokitansky-Aschoff
Canal de Luschka
Canal de Wirsung
Ampoule de Vater
Sphincter d’Oddi
Dans quelle structure que le sang circule entre les hépatocytes ?
Artère hépatique
Espace porte
Veine centrolobulaire
Branche de la veine piorte
Capillaires sinusoïdes
Quelle couche qui ne se trouve pas dans la vésicule biliaire ?
Muqueuse
Musculeuse
Muscularis mucosea
Adventice
Séreuse
Quel type de cellule qui revête la muqueuse du vésicule biliaire ?
Épithélium pavimenteux simple
Épithélium cubique simple
Épithélium cylindrique simple
Épithélium pavimenteux stratifié
Épithélium transitionnel
Quelle classification est le pancreas ?
Mixte
Endocrine
Exocrine
Endocrine et Exocrine
Sudoripare
Quelle cellule du pancréas qui sécrète de l’insuline ?
Ilôt de Langerhans
Cellule alpha
Cellule Béta
Cellule delta
Cellule gamma
Quel est le canal principal du pancréas ?
Sinus Rokitansky-Aschoff
Canal de Luschka
Canal de wirsung
Ampoule de Vater
Sphincter d’Oddi
Quelle structure qui se trouve au niveau de l’angle des lobules hépatiques ?
Lobule hépatique
Espace porte
Hépatocyte
Veine centrolobulaire
Capillaires sinusoïdes
Quelle cellule du pancréas qui sécrète du Glucagon ?
Ilôt de Langerhans
Cellule alpha
Cellule béta
Cellule delta
Cellule gamma
Quelle est la connection entre le canal cystique et le foie ?
Sinus Rokitansky-Aschoff
Canal de Luschka
Ampoule de vater
Canal de Wirsung
Sphincter d’oddi
Quel rôle suivant qui n’est pas la fonction du foie ?
Conversion du glucose en glycogène
Stokage du glycogène
Stokage de la bile
Stokage de vitamine soluble dans la graisse
Sythèse du cholestérol
Quelle glande qui sécrète la calcitonine ?
Pancréas
Glande pinéale
Thyroide
Cortico-surrénale
Médullo-surrénale
Dans quelle glande se trouve la parathyroide ?
Surrénale
Hypophyse
Thyroide
Médullo-surrénale
Pinéale
Les plaques de Payers se trouvent dans quel localisation du tractus gastrointestinale ?
Œsophage
Estomac
Duodénum
Iléon
Appendice
. Les glandes de Brunner se trouvent dans quelle localisation du tube digestif ?
Duodénum
Iléon
Jéjunum
Sigmoide
Rectum
Les glandes de Brunner se localisent dans quelle couche du tube digestif ?
Muqueuse
Sous muqueuse
Musculeuse
Sereuse
Muqueuse et Sous muqueuse
Quelle localisation de l’œsophage est faite, seulement, du muscle striée ?
La musulaire muqueuse
La sous muqueuse
Le tier supérieur de la longitudinale externe
La séreuse
La circulaire interne du musculeuse
La portion sécrètrice du glande oesophagienne se trouve dans quelle couche ?
La muqueuse
La sous muqueuse
La musculaire muqueuse
La musculeuse
L’adventice
Quelle amygdal porte le nom de l’amygdal intestinal ?
Amygdal palatine
Amygdal laryngé
Amygdal lingual
Appendice
Plaque de Payer
Les glandes funiques se localisent dans quelle portion du tractus gastrointestinale ?
Œsophage
Estomac
Duodénum
Jéjunum
Iléon
La couche des cryptes ou infundibulum se trouve dans quelle tunique du tractus digestif ?
Muqueuse
Sous muqueuse
Musularis mucosea
La musculeuse
La séreuse
Les follicules clos se trouvent dans quelle couche du tractus gastrointestinal ?
Couche des cryptes ou villosités
Couche des glandes
Couche lymphoide
Muscularis mucosea
Séreuse
Quelle couche se localise la portion de excrétrice du glande oesophagienne ?
La muqueuse
La sous muqueuse
La musculaire muqueuse
La musculeuse
La séreuse
Les plexus de Meissner et Auerbach se trouvent dans quelle couche du tube digestif ?
La muqueuse
La sous muqueuse
La musculeuse
La séreuse
La sous muqueuse et La musculeuse
Quelle est le nom de la glande salivaire de type séreuse ?
Parotide
Sous maxillaire
Subliguale
Sébacé
Sudoripare
La cellule muqueuse à pole ouverte porte de nom de ?
Cellule séreuse
Cellule muqueuse
Cellule mixte
Cellule caliciforme
Cellule G
Les cellules absorptives du tractus gastrointestinale sont ?
Cellules bordantes
Cellules principales du col
Cellules principales du corps
Cellules à plateux striée
Cellules de Paneth
La couche des glandes fundiques se trouve dans quelle couche du tractus digestif ?
Estomac
Oesophage
Duodénum
Rectum
Coecum
Les lobules gastriques se voient dans quelle couche du tractus gastrointestinale ?
Œsophage
Estomac
Duodénum
Iléon
Jéjunum
Dans quelle portion de l’intestin, les cellules de Paneth sont absentes ?
Duodénum
Jéjunum
Iléon
Colon
œsophage
On peut trouver les muscles de Brüke dans quelle région du tractus gastrointestinale ?
La muqueuse
La sous muqueuse
Les villosités intestinales
La musculeuse
La couche des cryptes
Les glandes qui sont constituées de tous les acini, mais à prédominance séreux sont ?
Glandes sébacés
Glandes sudoripares
Glandes apocrines
Glandes sublinguales
Glandes sous maxillaires
Les glandes qui possèdent tous les acini, mais à prédominance muqueux sont ?
Glandes sous maxillaires
Glandes sublinguales
Glandes sudoripares
Glandes sébacés
Glandes eccrines
Canal principale du glande parotide porte de nom ?
Sténon
Warton
Bartholin
Wirsung
Santorini
Canal principal du glande sublinguale porte le nom ?
Sténon
Warton
Bartholin
Wirsung
Santorini
Which cell is also called a septal cell?
Clara cell
Type I pneumocyte
Type II pneumocyte
Brush cell
Dust cell
Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?
Kupffer cells
Histiocyte
Dust cell
Langerhans cell
Microglia
Which cell is a type of neuron?
Basal cells
Brush cells
Olfactory cells
Sustentacular cells
Basal cells,Olfactory cells,Brush cells,Sustentacular cells
4. What cell types are found in the respiratory mucosa?
Ciliated cells
Goblet cells
Basal cells
Brush cells
Ciliated cells,Basal cells,Goblet cells et Brush cells
What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?
Compact bone
Spongy bone
Hyaline cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage
What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?
Alveolar duct
Alveolar sac
Alveoli
Terminal bronchiole
Respiratory bronchiole
What type of epithelium lines the trachea?
Simple squamous epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Pseudostratified epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?
Bronchi
Alveolar sacs
Alveolar ducts
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveoli
What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?
Simple squamous epithelium
Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells
Simple columnar epithelium
Transitional epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium
Which cartilage of the larynx is made of hyaline cartilage?
Thyroid cartilage
Corniculate cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Thyroid cartilage,Cricoid cartilage,Arytenoid cartilage,Corniculate cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?
Alveolar duct
Alveoli
Alveolar sac
Respiratory bronchiole
Terminal bronchiole
Which cell type is involved in general sensation of the olfactory mucosa?
Basal cells
Brush cells
Olfactory cells
Sustentacular cells
Basal cells,Olfactory cells,Brush cells,Sustentacular cells
What types of cells are found in the olfactory mucosa?
Basal cells
Brush cells
Olfactory cells
Sustentacular cells
Basal cells,Olfactory ,cellsBrush cells,Sustentacular cells
What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?
Compact bone
Fibrocartilage
Spongy bone
Elastic cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?
Clara cell
Type I pneumocyte
Type II pneumocyte
Dust cell
Brush cell
Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?
Clara cell
Dust cell
Type I pneumocyte
Brush cell
Type II pneumocyte
Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?
Bronchi
Larynx
Trachea
Larynx
Respiratory bronchioles
What type of tissue lines the pharynx?
Simple squamous epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium
Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells
Stratified squamous epithelium et Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells
What is an olfactory cell?
Unipolar neuron
Bipolar neuron
Multipolar neuron
Supporting cell
None of the answer
Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx?
Hyaline cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Hyaline cartilage et Elastic cartilage
All of the answer
What structure is similar to a "bunch of grapes?
Alveolar duct
Alveoli
Alveolar sac
Terminal bronchiole
Respiratory bronchiole
Which cell is found in large numbers in the terminal bronchioles?
Clara cell
Type I pneumocyte
Type II pneumocyte
Dust cell
Brush cell
Which cell type is located at the basal lamina of the olfactory mucosa?
Basal cells
Brush cells
Olfactory cells
Sustentacular cells
Basal cells,Olfactory cells,Brush cells,Sustentacular cells
Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?
Basal cells
Brush cells
Olfactory cells
Sustentacular cells
None of the answer
What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man?
Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
Simple columnar epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium
Transitional epithelium
What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung?
Simple squamous epithelium
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium
Pseudostratified epithelium
What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?
Simple squamous epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium
Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells
Transitional epithelium
In which structure does gas exchange NOT occur?
Alveolar duct
Alveoli
Alveolar sac
Respiratory bronchiole
Terminal bronchiole
Which cell secretes surfactant?
Clara cell
Type I pneumocyte
Type II pneumocyte
Brush cell
Dust cell
Which cartilage of the larynx is made of elastic cartilage?
Thyroid cartilage
Epiglottis
Cricoid cartilage
Corniculate cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Which cell is rarely found in the alveolus?
Clara cell
Dust cell
Type I pneumocyte
Brush cell
Type II pneumocyte
What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?
Alveolar duct
Respiratory bronchiole
Alveoli
Terminal bronchiole
Alveolar sac
What are neurons in the retina?
Unipolar
Pseudounipolar
Bipolar
Multipolar
Unipolar et Pseudounipolar
Which structure is transparent?
Choroid
Ora serrata
Ciliary body
Cornea
Iris
Which of the following is the receptor for color?
Rods
Bipolar cells
Cones
Horizontal cells
Ganglion cells
What is responsible for adjusting the lens?
Choroid
Ciliary muscle
Iris
Ora serrata
Sclera
What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?
Os
Optic chiasm
Lamina cribrosa
Optic disc
Ora serrate
Which of the following is a type of neuron?
Rods
Ganglion cells
Cones
Pigmented epithelium
Supporting cells
What is the space anterior to the iris?
Anterior chamber
Vitreal cavity
Posterior chamber
Anterior chamber,Posterior chamber,Vitreal cavity
Anterior chamber et Posterior chamber
Which layer forms the majority of the cornea?
Epithelium
Endothelium
Descemet's membrane
Substantia propria
Bowman's membrane
What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?
Ciliary body
Optic disc
Fovea centralis
Lamina vitrea
Lamina cribrosa
What are the receptors for vision?
Rods
Ganglion cells
Cones
Rods et Cones
Bipolar cells
Where is the ciliary muscle located?
Ciliary body
Optic disc
Fovea centralis
Lamina vitrea
Lamina cribrosa
What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?
Os
Optic chiasm
Lamina cribrosa
Optic disc
Ora serrate
Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?
Receptor cells
Neurons
Pigmented epithelium
Ciliary body
Supporting cells
What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?
Internal oblique muscle
Orbicularis oculi
Tarsus
Ciliary muscle
Levator muscle
What is the inner layer of the choroid?
Ciliary body
Lamina vitrea
Optic disc
Lamina cribrosa
Fovea centralis
Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?
Canaliculi
Canal of Hering
Canal of Muller
Canal of Descemet
Canal of Schlemm
Which layer of the cornea is acellular?
Epithelium
Endothelium
Descemet's membrane
Substantia propria
None of the answer
Which structure is avascular?
Retina
Sclera
Cornea
Uvea
Choroid
Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?
Ciliary body
Optic disc
Fovea centralis
Lamina vitrea
Lamina cribrosa
What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?
Zonlular fibers
Purkinje fibers
Elastic fibers
Spiral ligament
Oval ligament
Which layer of the cornea is acellular?
Bowman's membrane
Substantia propria
Epithelium
Endothelium
All of the answer
How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball?
1
2
3
4
5
Which structure is part the uvea?
Ora serrata
Sclera
Pigmented epithelium
Ciliary body
Cornea
What is the space anterior to the lens?
Anterior chamber
Posterior chamber
Vitreal cavity
Anterior chamber et Posterior chamber
Anterior chamber,Posterior chamber,Vitreal cavity
What is the vascular pigmented structure?
Choroid
Ciliary body
Iris
Ora serrate
Lens
What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?
Simple squamous
Stratified squamous
Simple cuboidal
Simple columnar
Transitional epithelium
What is the middle layer of the eyeball?
Uvea
Rods
Cones
Bipolar cells
Ganglion cells
What is the anterior pigmented portion of the retina called?
Choroid
Ciliary body
Iris
Ora serrata
Sclera
61. Which one of the following is not found in the retina?
Henle's layer
Bipolar cells
Amacrine cells
Ganglion cells
Rods
Which structure is part the uvea?
Ora serrata
Pigmented epithelium
Choroid
D. Cornea
Sclera
What is the space posterior to the lens?
Anterior chamber
Posterior chamber
Vitreal cavity
Anterior chamber,Posterior chamber,Vitreal cavity
Anterior chamber et Posterior chamber
Where is the blind spot?
Ciliary body
Optic disc
Fovea centralis
Lamina vitrea
Lamina cribrosa
How many layers does the retina have?
1
2
4
5
10
Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea?
Bowman's membrane
Substantia propria
Descemet's membrane
Lamina vitrea
Endothelium
Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?
Ciliary body
Optic disc
Fovea centralis
Lamina cribrosa
Lamina vitrea
What makes up the bulk of the sclera?
Purkinje fibers
Myofibrils
Elastic fibers
Reticular fibers
Collagen fibers
Which is NOT part of the retina?
Rods
Cones
Bipolar cells
Ganglion cells
Uvea
What is the most anterior portion of the uvea?
Choroid
Ciliary body
Iris
Ora serrata
Sclera
Which one of the following is not found in the retina?
Pigment epithelium
Muller's cells
Huxley's layer
Horizontal cells
Cones
Which structure is part the uvea?
Sclera
Iris
Ora serrata
Pigmented epithelium
Cornea
What is the space posterior to the iris?
Anterior chamber
Posterior chamber
Vitreal cavity
Anterior chamber et Posterior chamber
Anterior chamber,Posterior chamber,Vitreal cavity
What is within the membranous labyrinth?
Lymph
Perilymph
Blood
Air
Endolymph
What is within the bony labyrinth?
Lymph
Blood
Endolymph
Perilymph
Air
Which contains endolymph?
Scala vestibuli
Scala tympani
Cochlear duct
Scala vestibuli et Scala tympani
Scala vestibuli,Scala tympani,Cochlear duct
Which contains perilymph?
Scala vestibuli
Scala tympani
Cochlear duct
Scala vestibuli et Scala tympani
Scala vestibuli,Scala tympani,Cochlear duct
Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?
Saccule
Utricle
Organ of Corti
Semicircular canals
Saccule et Utricle
Where are the sensory receptors for movement?
Saccule
Utricle
Organ of Corti
Semicircular canals
Saccule et Utricle
Where are the sensory receptors for position?
Saccule
Utricle
Organ of Corti
Semicircular canals
Saccule et Utricle
What structure is shaped like a snail shell?
Saccule
Utricle
Organ of Corti
Semicircular canals
Cochlea
82. Where is the organ of Corti?
Saccule
Utricle
Crista ampullaris
Semicircular canals
Cochlea
What sensation does the crista ampullaris recognize?
Sound
Position
Movement
Vibration
All of the answer
Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?
Cells of Hensen
Outer phalangeal cells
Hair cells
Inner pillar cells
Inner border cells
Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?
Langerhans cell
Myoepithelial cell
Melanocyte
Fibroblast
Keratinocyte
In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?
thick skin
Stratum corneum
stratum basale
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?
Keratinocyte
Myoepithelial cell
Langerhans cell
Merkel cell
melanocyte
Identify the CORRECT statement
The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium
The secretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.
The papillary layer of the dermis contains fine collagen and elastic fibers and the capillary network which supplies the epidermis.
The synthesis of melanin by basal cells is under hormonal control.
Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.
Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the barrier function of the epidermis?
Hypodermis
Stratum corneum
Thin skin
Stratum basale
Apocrine sweat gland
Identify the INCORRECT statement
The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.
The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.
Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.
The overall orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis will follow the 'lines of greatest tension'.
The epidermis of the thin skin has four stratum
In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?
stratum granulosum
Papillary dermis
Hairy skin
hair follicle
Pilosebaceous unit
Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the barrier function of the epidermis?
thin skin
Stratum corneum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
Stratum granulosum
Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?
The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.
There are six layers to the epidermis.
The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.
The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.
The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.
Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?
Forms the base layer of the epidermis.
Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.
The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.
The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.
Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.
Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?
The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.
The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.
Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.
Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.
The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.
Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?
Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.
Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum spinosum.
The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.
The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.
The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the stratum corneum.
Identify the INCORRECT statement
Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.
The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.
Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.
Sebaceous gland is a simple branched alveolar gland.
Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands.
Identify the INCORRECT statement
Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.
Prolactin and oxytocin are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.
Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.
The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.
The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.
Identify the INCORRECT statement
The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.
A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.
Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.
After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.
Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium
Identify the INCORRECT statement
The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.
Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.
Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.
The epithelium that lines the rete testis is a simple cuboidal epithelium.
The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.
Identify the INCORRECT statement
Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.
The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.
Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.
After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.
The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
Identify the INCORRECT statement
The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.
The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.
Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.
The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.
The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.
Identify the CORRECT statement
A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.
The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.
The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.
Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.
The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.
Identify the CORRECT statement
The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.
By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.
Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.
The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.
The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.
Identify the INCORRECT statement
Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.
The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.
Transitional epithelium lines the ureter.
The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.
Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.
Identify the CORRECT statement
Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.
Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.
The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.
The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.
The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.
Identify the CORRECT statement
Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.
Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.
Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubule.
The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.
Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.
Identify the INCORRECT statement
The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.
The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.
The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.
The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.
Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.
Identify the INCORRECT statement
An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.
The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.
Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.
The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.
Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.
Identify the INCORRECT statement
The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.
Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.
The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.
The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.
The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.
Identify the CORRECT statement
The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.
Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.
The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.
Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.
Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.
Identify the INCORRECT statement
Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.
The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.
The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.
The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.
The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.
Identify the INCORRECT statement
Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.
The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.
Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.
The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.
The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.
Identify the INCORRECT statement
Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.
The maturation of spermatids into spermatozoides is called spermiogenesis.
The first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes will give rise the secondary spermatocytes.
The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.
The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.
Identify the INCORRECT statement
The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.
The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.
Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.
Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.
Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.
Identify the CORRECT statement
Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.
The infundibulum of the oviduct passes through the wall of the uterus.
"Tertiary follicle", "preovulatory follicle" and "Graafian follicle" are synonymous terms.
The secondary ovarian follicle contains no antrum.
A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.
Identify the CORRECT statement
The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex
The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.
Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.
Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.
The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.
Identify the CORRECT statement
Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.
Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.
The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.
The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.
Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.
Identify the INCORRECT statement
The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.
The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.
Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.
The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.
Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.
Identify the CORRECT statement
A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.
Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.
The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.
Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.
Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
Identify the INCORRECT statement
The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.
Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.
An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.
The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.
The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.
Identify the CORRECT statement
A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.
A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.
After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.
The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.
Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.
Identify the INCORRECT statement
By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.
Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.
Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.
The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.
The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.
Identify the INCORRECT statement
There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.
Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.
The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.
Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.
Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.
Identify the CORRECT statement
The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.
The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.
Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.
The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.
The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.
The epithelial layer of skin is:
Epidermis
Dermis
Lamina propria
Hypodermis
Mucosa
The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:
Epidermis
Mucosa
Dermis
Lamina propria
Hypodermis
The loose, adipose connective tissue layer of skin is:
Lamina propria
Dermis
Epidermis
Hypodermis
mucosa
Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:
Reticular layer of dermis.
Hypodermis.
Lamina propria
Papillary layer of dermis.
stratum corneum
The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:
Sweat gland ducts
Epidermal appendages
arrector pili muscle
Dermal papillae
Meissner's corpuscles
Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?
stratum basale or stratum germinativum.
Stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.
Stratum granulosum
Stratum corneum.
. Stratum lucidum.
Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?
Stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.
Stratum lucidum.
Stratum corneum.
Stratum granulosum.
Stratum basale or stratum germinativum.
The basement membrane lies between:
Epidermis and dermis.
Stratum basale and stratum spinosum.
Stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.
Papillary and reticular layers of dermis.
Stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.
Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?
Langerhans cells.
Keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").
Fibroblasts.
Melanocytes
Merkel cells.
Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?
Duct of sweat gland.
Secretory portion of sweat gland.
sebaceous gland.
Arrector pili muscle.
Hair follicle.
Which of the following is NOT an "epidermal appendage" (i.e., NOT comprised of epithelial tissue)?
Sebaceous gland.
Hair follicle.
Arrector pili muscle.
duct of sweat gland.
Secretory portion of sweat gland.
Which of the following typically includes dead cells with pyknotic nuclei?
sebaceous gland.
Arrector pili muscle.
Duct of sweat gland.
Hair follicle.
Secretory portion of sweat gland.
Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called "thick skin" (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?
Dermis
Papillary dermis
Stratum corneum of epidermis
Hypodermis.
Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called "thick skin" (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?
Which structures are present in "thick skin" (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?
Sebaceous glands.
Hair follicles.
Sweat glands.
arrector pili.
Apocrine sweat glands.
The tissue composition of hair follicles is most similar to:
epidermis.
hypodermis.
sweat gland.
Papillary layer of dermis.
Reticular layer of dermis.
Arrector pili muscle consist of:
Glandular epithelium
Lymphocytes.
Smooth muscle.
Columnar epithelium.
Squamous epithelium.
The glands most closely associated with hair follicles are:
Eccrine sweat glands.
Sebaceous glands.
Submucosal glands.
Lymphatic glands.
mammary glands.
The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:
Cortex.
Pelvis.
Medulla.
Calyx.
Papillae.
The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:
Cortex.
Medulla.
Calyx.
Pelvis.
Papillae.
The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:
cortex.
Pelvis.
Medulla.
Calyx.
Papillae.
The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the:
Cortex.
Capsule.
Medulla.
Hilus.
Pelvis.
The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:
Medulla.
cortex.
Papilla.
Calyx.
Pelvis.
Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:
medullary rays.
Calyces.
Columns of Bertin.
Papillae.
renal lobules.
The capsule of the kidney consists of:
transitional epithelium.
loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.
Dense fibrous connective tissue.
Adipose connective tissue.
endothelium.
The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:
cortex.
Pelvis.
Hilus.
Medulla.
Calyx.
The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the capillary tuft is attached is called the:
vascular pole.
Area cribosa.
mesangium.
Juxtaglomerular apparatus.
urinary (tubular) pole.
The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:
Juxtaglomerular apparatus.
Urinary (tubular) pole.
Vascular pole.
Area cribosa.
Mesangium.
The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:
Mesangial cells.
Podocytes foot processes.
Fenestrated endothelium.
Continuous endothelium.
Juxtaglomerular cells
Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:
mesangial cells.
Podocyte foot processes.
Pericytes.
Juxtaglomerular cells.
fibroblasts.
Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:
Mesangial cells.
Juxtaglomerular cells.
Podocytes.
fibroblasts.
Pericytes.
The outer lining of Bowman's capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:
Cuboidal cells.
Squamous cells.
Mesangial cells.
podocytes.
Pericytes.
Filtration slits are located between adjacent:
Capillary endothelial cells.
Mesangial cells.
Podocyte foot processes.
Layers of the glomerular basement membrane.
Capillary fenestrations.
Podocytes are:
Unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.
Simple columnar epithelial cells.
Not epithelial cells.
Simple cuboidal epithelial cells.
Simple squamous epithelial cells.
Mesangial cells are:
Simple squamous epithelial cells.
Simple cuboidal epithelial cells.
Not epithelial cells.
Unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.
Simple columnar epithelial cells.
The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:
30 and 35 nanometers.
300 and 350 micrometers.
30 and 35 micrometers.
3 and 3.5 micrometers.
0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.
Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:
Urea
Antiduretic hormone.
Renin
Angiotensinogen
Aldosterone
The macula densa consists of:
Extraglomerular mesangial cells.
Closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule.
modified smooth muscle cells.
Densely packed collagen fibers in the juxtaglomerular interstitium.
Closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.
Arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney are called:
Vasa recta.
Afferent arteries.
Arcuate arteries.
Interlobar arteries.
Interlobular arteries.
Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:
arcuate arteries
Afferent arterioles
Peritubular capillaries
Efferent arterioles
Vasa recta
Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:
Efferent arterioles.
Peritubular capillaries.
Arcuate arteries.
Vasa recta.
Afferent arterioles.
Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?
Glomerulus.
distal convoluted tubule.
proximal convoluted tubule.
Collecting duct.
Loop of Henle.
Which cells respond to aldosterone?
Podocytes.
epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.
Juxtaglomerular cells.
Mesangial cells.
Epithelial cells of distal tubules.
Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?
podocytes.
Epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.
Epithelial cells of collecting duct.
Juxtaglomerular cells.
Mesangial cells.
Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?
Podocytes.
Epithelial cells of collecting duct.
Epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
Epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.
Juxtaglomerular cells.
Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?
proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.
Bowman's capsule epithelium.
Collecting duct epithelium.
Distal convoluted tubule epithelium.
epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.
Which of the following epithelial cells of the urinary tract are simple squamous, without apparent structural specialization?
Bowman's capsule epithelium.
Glomerular epithelium (podocytes).
Distal convoluted tubule epithelium.
Collecting duct epithelium.
Transitional epithelium.
Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:
Podocytes.
Juxtaglomerular cells.
Mesangial cells.
Macula densa.
Transitional epithelium.
Transitional epithelium lines all of the following EXCEPT the:
Renal pelvis.
Bowman's capsule.
ureter.
bladder.
proximal urethra.
Identify the INCORRECT statement
Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle
The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte
Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla
The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.
The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.
Identify the CORRECT statement
Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.
The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.
The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.
The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.
The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.
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