Film Study Chapter 1

A single, constant take made by a motion picture camera without being edited
Shot
Shots that together create one action
Scene
Scenes edited together and comprise a single event, setting, or story
Sequence
Usually a long shot at the beginning of a scene to inform the audience with an overview to show the setting
Establishing Shot
Stationary camera angled upward – strengthens the image, emphasizes importance
Up Shot
Stationary camera angled downward – weakens the image, makes it appear vulnerable
Down Shot
An abrupt or sudden change or jump in camera angle, location, placement, or time, from one shot to another
Cut
A transitional editing technique between two sequences, shots or scenes, in which the visible image of one shot or scene is gradually replaced by fading in or out with the image from another shot or scene
Dissolve
A transitional device consisting of a gradual change in the intensity of an image or sound, such as from a normally-lit scene to darkness
Fade (In or Out)
A round, moving mask that can close down to end a scene (iris-out) or emphasize a detail
Iris Open/Closed
A transitional technique or optical effect/device in which one shot appears to be "pushed off" or "wiped off" the screen by another shot replacing it and moving across the existing image
Wipe
With everything evenly and brightly lit, with a minimum of shadows
High key lighting
With less illumination, more shadows, and many grayish, dark areas
Low key lighting
Helps create mood and/or highlights a certain area of the frame (comes from the side)
Side Lighting
This phenomenon occurs when the lighting for the shot is directed at the camera from behind the subject(s), causing the figure(s) in the foreground to appear in semi-darkness
Backlighting
Dramatic use of lighting to create deep shadows or silhouettes
High Contrast: Shadows
A transparent, tinted colored sheet of plastic used as a filter for a movie light to create a colored glow over a scene
Gel
A technique for compositing two images or frames together in which a color (or a small color range) from one image is removed (or made transparent), revealing another image behind it
Blue or Green screens
A term referring to the use of 3D computer graphics and technology (digital computers and specialized software) in film-making to create filmed images, special effects and the illusion of motion
Special Effects CGI
An elliptical cut that appears to be an interruption of a single shot.
Jump Cut
An optical printing process that places or 'exposes' one or more images on top of another on the same piece of film stock / used in dissolves
Superimposition
the arrangement and importance of different elements (i.e., colors, shapes, figures, lines, movement, and lighting) within a frame and in a scene
Mise en scene (place on stage)
Develop in the viewer a sense of awe or excitement
Vertical Lines
Often create a serenity, peace, calm
Horizontal Lines
Can create a sense of chaos, an offbalance feel
Diagonal Lines
Refers to the area, depth of range (foreground, middle ground, background)
Deep Focus Photography
When the camera’s focus is split or is shifted to something different within the frame
Rack Focus
elements within the frame help tell the story
Framed Information
Subject(s) are framed again within the film frame by objects or shadows creating a sense of entrapment or doom
Interior Framing
Dominant characters given the most space / objects in the foreground tell the story
Object Size / Placement
Objects, images, music or sounds that occur over and over during a movie usually serving to they tell us more about the characters or themes or to hold the film together by reminding the audience of key places or sounds
Recurring Visual or Audio Motif
Symbolism that may occur in the same frame, separate shots or scenes but contains opposites which combine to create an overall whole
Juxtaposition
Selecting, assembling, arranging, collating, trimming, structuring, and splicing-joining together many separate camera takes
Editing
The act of putting a new soundtrack on a film or adding a soundtrack after production, to match the action of already-filmed shots
Dubbing
Sounds that originate within the frame
Diegetic sounds
background music, voice-over, anything outside the frame
Non-Diagetic
€“ music played in the background – usually instrumental
Realistic music
Music meant to produce emotions
Functional music
First shot shows a person off in one direction and the second shows a nearby space containing what he or she sees.
Eyeline Matches
A cut which splices two different views of the same action together at the same moment in the movement, making it seem to continue uninterrupted.
Match on Action
The editing technique of alternating, interweaving, or interspersing one narrative action (scene, sequence, or event) with another.
Inter/Cross-Cutting
A shot that continues for an unusually lengthy time before the transition to the next shot.
Long Take
Technique in which the director or cinematographer avoids the actual, graphic depiction of violence or sex.
Indirect Specification
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