Entry retake cycle 1
Cartilage and Bone Structure Quiz
This quiz offers a comprehensive assessment of your knowledge on cartilage and bone structures, essential components of the human body.
Test your understanding with questions that cover various aspects, including:
- Cell types and their fun
ctions - Bone ossification processes
- Muscle structure and fun
ction
Choose correct pairs:
Simple squamos – skin (skin → stratified squamos)
Psuedostratified ciliated – epididymal duct
Stratified squamos keratinized – esophagus
Transitional – renal calyces
Urothelium - urethra
Point extracellular matrix – producing cells in cT (single choice)
Lymphoblast
Fibroblast
Fibrocytes
Mastocytes
Histocytes
Which of the following event is the first step during long bone ossification: (single choice)
Formation of primary ossification center in epiphysis
Formation of hollow bone collar that surrounds in middle portion of cartilage model
Formation of the secondary ossification center in diaphysis
The cartilage degradation
Growth for the length of the epiphyseal plate
Mark the true statements (single choice)
The nuclei are located peripherally just under the cell meembrane only in skeletal muscle
The nuclei are located peripherally just under the cell meembrane only in skeletal muscle
There is no actin filaments in smooth muscle cells
Each fiber of skeletal muscle is surrounded by dense connective tissue of epimysium
The sarcomer extends from M line to M line
Apical surface modification of cell is (single choice)
Villus
Goblet cell
Glycocalyx
Tight junction
Umbrella cells
Holocrine glands – find true statements: (single choice)
Their examples are sebaccous glands
The secretory granules leave the cell by exocytosis
Are always unicellular
Are always present between epithelial cells
The secretory product is discharged together without parts of the apical cyotplams
Find true sentence: (single choice)
Perichondrium contains only type 4 collagen fibers
Volkmanns canal is located in the center of the osteon
Osteoblasts possess receptors for calcitonin
The precursor of osteoclast are monocytes
Cartilage is highly vascularized tissue
Find correct answer:(single choice)
Intercalated discs connect two skeletal muscle fibers
Caveolae of smooth muscle cells function in manner autologous to T-tubules
Triad is characteristics for cardiac muscle
Epimysium is loose connective tissue
Cardiac muscle is under voluntary control
Which of the sentences about cartilage is true?
In hyaline cartilage water constitutes up to 60-80% of the weight in fresh tissue
N elastic cartilage water constitutes up to 80% of the weight in fresh tissue
Is well vascularized
Is avascular tissue
Which of the phrases concerning osteoclasts is true:
Its projections form ruffled border
Pumping protons into resorption cavaity of bone
Possess receptor for parathormone
to its differntiation need RANKL
Which sentences are true:
Osteoclasts possess receptors for PTH
The precursors of osteoclasts are monocytes
Haversian canal is located in the periphery of the osteon
Osteoclast apossess of the receptors for calcitonin
Which of the phrases concerning perichondrium are true:
Is responsible for interstitial growth of cartilage
Protects articular surface from damage
Acts protective function for cartilage
is formed by collagen type 1
Is it true that bone…?:(single choice)
Its periosteum is similary build as endosteum
Contains osteoblast that help regulate bone remodeling
Its ECM is high mineralized
Osteoclast differentiate from osteoprogenitor cells
Which statements about the woven bone is true?:
Is mature type of bone
has low content of mineral
Can be found in insertion of some tendons
Has random disposition of type collagen 1 fibers
Is it true that osteogenesis:
Is the periosteum development process
Could happen thanks to endochondral ossification
During intramembranous ossification the epiphyseal cartilages are formed
Is the bone development process
Endochondral ossification – choose true statements:
Its first step is formation of bone collar
The primary ossification center occurs within diaphysis
Occurs on the ground of cartilaginous model of the bone
Formation of short bones
The blood vessels are necessary as a source of progenitor cells
The bone collar of diaphysis is produced by this type of ossification
Intramembranous ossification:
Takes place within condensation of mesenchymal tissue
Is source of most of the flat bones
The process begins when mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts
Frontal bones of the skull and maxilla are formed by intramembranous ossification
Choose derivatives of the mesenchyme:
Blood cells
The cells of connective tissue (bone, cartilage, adipose, muscle)
Endothelium
Mesenchyme:
Is an embryonic tissue
Mesenchymal cells are the precursor for all types of connective tissue cells
Do not contain ground substance
Bone – choose correct:
Sclerotin is protein produced by osteocytes
ECM is highly mineralized
Periosteum and endosteum contains “bone-forming cells”
Ruffled border of osteoclast is situated at the resorption cavity of bone
Osteoblast control metabolism of osteoclast
The osteocytes function is maintaining the bone physiology
Numerous cytoplasmic processes of osteocyte so called ruffled border
Osteocyte are present in lacunae between lamellae
Osteocalcin is needed for calcification of bone matrix
Sarcomeres:
The major protein of the Z line of sarcomere is creatine kinase
The major protein of the Z line of sarcomere is alfa actinin
Contains Z line + ½ I band + A band + ½ I band + Z line
Are present only in smooth muscle
Extend from Z line to Z line
M line is located in the middle of H band
I band is composed of thin filaments only
A band is composed of both thin and thick filaments
Extend from M line to M line
Are present in cardiac and skeletal muscle only
What is true about cardiac muscle:
Contraction is triggered at nodes of conducting fibers
Regeneration involves mitotic activity of muscle cells
Sarcolasmic reticulum is forming two terminal cisterns per sarcomere in triads
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is rather well developed
Striations are present
T tubules are found at level of Z line
Nuclei are centrally located
Caveolae and gap junctions can be occassionally present
Nuclei are adjacent to sarcolemma
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