Neuro Exam 2

A detailed illustration of the human brain highlighting areas related to attention, memory, and language processing, with labels and vibrant colors, in a neuroanatomy style.

Neuro Exam 2 Quiz

Test your knowledge on the intricacies of the neuroanatomy and cognitive functions related to attention, memory, and language processing. This comprehensive quiz features 55 multiple-choice questions designed to challenge your understanding of these critical topics in neuroscience.

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Explore questions on attention, memory types, and language processing.
Assess your grasp of brain structures and their functions.
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55 Questions14 MinutesCreated by ActiveBrain102

All of the following statements are true about attention EXCEPT:

Sleep deprivation can lead to impaired attention

Attention is a prerequisite for all other higher cognitive functions (e.g. communication, learning, reasoning)

Deficits in attention do not affect other cognitive processes

Attention is often affected by brain damage

Selective attention refers to the specific ability of:

Focusing on one task exclusively for a prolonged period (e.g. Crossing out all lines on a page)

Orienting to your environment

Focusing on multiple tasks at once

Focusing on one task (or type of sensory input) and resisting distractions from other competing information (as in the Stroop Test)

The neural network for attention overlaps with areas dedicated to:

Somatosensory functions

Motor functions

All of these choices are correct

Visual processing

The inferior parietal lobe is especially important for:

Identifying contextually meaningful stimuli

Arousal and consciousness

Selective spatial attention

Selecting the correct motor response

The frontal lobe is especially important for:

Planning behavior

Circadian rhythm (sleep/wake cycle)

Identifying contextually meaningful stimuli

Selective spatial attention

The brainstem is especially important for:

Selecting the correct motor response

Selective sensory attention

Identifying contextually relevant stimuli

Arousal and consciousness

By definition, coma is characterized by:

An inability to breathe independently (apnea)

Elevated blood pressure

A prolonged state of unconsciousness during which a person is unresponsive to the environment

All of these choices are correct

Orientation to person, place, and time requires adequate functioning of which neural functions?

Perception

Memory

All of these choices are correct

Attention

All of the following are external variables that affect sustained attention EXCEPT:

Duration of task

Perception

Number of items

Feature overlap

Identify a function of long term memory

Encoding information

Storing information

Retrieving information

All of these choices are correct

Identify areas of the brain that are particularly involved in emotional memory:

The thalamus, basal ganglia, and cerebellum

The hippocampus, surrounding areas, and prefrontal cortex

The amygdala

Visual auditory, and somatosensory areas as well as regions of the frontal lobe

According to the principle of Hebbian learning:

Neurons that wire together get tangles and become nonfunctional

Neurons that fire together explode

All learning is hard-wired (controlled by genetic vs. Environmental influences)

Neurons that fire together wire together

Identify areas of the brain particularly involved in explicit memory:

Visual, auditory, and somatosensory areas as well as regions of the frontal lobe

The amygdala

The thalamus, basal ganglia, and cerebellum

The hippocampus, surrounding areas, and prefrontal cortex

Amnesia may be caused by neuropathology to:

Diffuse areas of the brain

Medial temporal lobe

Prefrontal cortex

All of these choices are correct

For neurologically healthy individuals, explicit memory is the primary mechanism for:

Learning to differentiate the important sounds of your language

Recalling personal memories

Learning the grammatical properties of your native language

All of these choices are correct

Identify areas of the brain that are particularly involved in working memory

The amygdala

Visual, auditory, and somatosensory areas as well as regions of the frontal lobe

The thalamus, basal ganglia, and cerebellum

The hippocampus, surrounding areas, and prefrontal cortex

According to Consolidation theory:

The HPC plays a role in spatial navigation not memory

Memories are stored first in the HPC and later in other parts of the brain

From the outset, memories are stored in parallel in multiple areas of the brain

Memories are only stored in the HPC

According to Kilmes & Jones, all of the following are important factors associated with learning that contribute to experience-dependent neuroplasticity EXCEPT:

Practicing a newly learned behavior supports neuroplasticity

Learning always transfers/generalizes to novel contexts

Dosage (or intensity) affects learning and neurplasticity

Learning is initially tied to a specific context

Anterograde amnesia refers to memory loss affecting ___________________

The time after and/or before diagnosis of a disorder

Sugar-loving insects

The time after diagnosis of a disorder

The time before diagnosis of a disorder

Which of the following is an accurate description of working memory:

Most healthy individuals are able to hold 7 pieces of information (+/-2)

Working memory includes separate divisions for verbal and nonverbal types of information

Information is only held for seconds to minutes

All of these choices are correct

Broca's area includes the:

Pars opercularis & pars orbitalis

Pars trangularis & pars opercularis

Part of the brain associated with creativity and mirth

Pars triangularis & pars orbitalis

Language processing includes ______________

Syntactic processing

All of these choices are correct

Phonological processing

Lexical-syntactic processing

______________ is the comprehension and/or use of a spoken, written, and/or other communication symbol system

All of these choices are correct

Communication

Language

Speech

Wernicke's area is located in the:

Posterior portion of the inferior frontal gyrus

Posterior portion of the inferior temporal gyrus

Posterior portion of the middle frontal gyrus

Posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus

According to the classic Wernicke-Geschwind model, language structures of the brain lie along the banks of the:

Calcarine fissure

Sylvian fissure

All of these choices are correct

Longitudinal fissure

According to hodotopic models:

Anatomical areas are connected by distant connections

Brain function emerges from parallel streams of information

All of these choices are correct

Anatomical areas are connected by local connections

All of the following anatomical structures are included in the classic Wernicke-Geschwind model EXCEPT:

Arcuate fasciculus

Thalamus

Pars triangularis

Wernicke's area

All of the following are subcortical structures that have been implicated in language processing EXCEPT:

Thalamus

Basal ganglia

Cerebellum

Substantia nigra

All of the following are characteristics of Wernicke's aphasia EXCEPT:

Short utterances

Speech is fluent

Speech output has reduced meaning

Often co-occurs with anosagnosia

Wernicke's area is located in the:

Posterior portion of the middle frontal gyrus

Posterior portion of the inferior temporal gyrus

Posterior portion of the inferior frontal gyrus

Posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus

______________ is an early theory of emotion that proposes that an emotional state triggers a physiological response

Two-factor theory

Schacter-Singer theory

James-Lang theory

Cannon-Bard theory

Depression can be caused by:

All of these choices are correct:

A chemical imbalance affecting limbic structures

Anatomical damage to a structure in the limbic system

Bilateral damage to the ventral striatum can result in _______________

Severe depression

Agoraphobia

None are correct

An abnormal fear response

Holistic models of health indicate that health and well-being may be influenced by a variety of factors including:

Exercise

Diet

All of these answers are correct

Mindfulness

The hypothalamus is involved primarily in ____________

Producing a visceral ("gut") motor response to autonomic stimuli

Monitoring the internal environment and homeostasis

Monitoring the external environment and sensing fear

Processing information associated with pleasure

Spatial neglect is among the most common deficits associated with:

Brainstem pathology

Right hemisphere pathology

Spinal cord pathology

Left hemisphere pathology

The limbic structures are especially important for:

Selecting the correct motor response

Identifying contextually meaningful stimuli

Arousal and consciousness

Selective sensory attention

With respect to lateralization, episodic memory is represented:

Bilaterally with greater activation (dominance) in the right hemisphere

Only in the right hempisphere

Only in the left hemisphere

Equally in both hemispheres

Explicit memory can refer to:

Both episodic and semantic memory

Episodic memory

Semantic memory

Neither episodic nor semantic memory

Presenting the words "apricot", "peach", and "pear" to elicit production of "plum" is an example of:

Classical conditioning

Explicit learning

Operant conditioning

Priming

Identify areas of the brain that are particularly involved in implicit memory:

The hippocampus, surrounding areas, and prefrontal cortex

The amygdala

Visual, auditory, and somatosensory areas as well as regions of the frontal lobe

The thalamus, basal ganglia, and cerebellum

Identify the statement that best describes operant conditioning (a type of associative learning):

Directing or watching others perform a particular behavior leads to increased mastery of that behavior

Practicing a behavior many times leads to skilled mastery of performing that behavior

Providing a brief stimulus before someone completes a task improves the probability that the task will be completed successfully

The consequences (reward/punishment) that immediately follow a behavior influence the liklihood of that bevhior recurring

All of the following are characteristics of Broca's aphasia EXCEPT:

Often co-occurs with hemiparesis

Speech output is empty

Utterances are short

Language comprehension is relatively preserved

One language function of the RH is ____________

Processing analogies and metaphors

Processing emotional aspects of language

Processing prosodic information

All of these choices are correct

Language processing includes:

Syntactic processing

Lexical-semantic processing

Phonological processing

All of these choices are correct

___________ is the comprehension and/or use of a spoken, written, and/or other communication symbol system

Language

Speech

Communication

All of these choices are correct

Identify a variable that can impact the neurological representation of language

Age

Literacy level

Traumatic brain injury

All of these choices are correct

The ventral striatum is involved primarily in ____________

Monitoring the internal environment and homeostasis

Processing information associated with pleasure

Monitoring the external environment and feeling fear

Producing a visceral ('gut') motor response to autonomic stimuli

The adjustment of emotional responses to outside stimuli, based on their context is known as:

All of these choices are correct

Interoception

Resilience

Reappraisal

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