Neuro

A detailed illustration of the human brain and nervous system, highlighting neural pathways and brain structures, vibrant colors and educational design.

Neuroscience Challenge

Test your knowledge and understanding of the human nervous system with our comprehensive quiz! This quiz features 60 engaging questions designed to assess your grasp of neuroanatomy, neural pathways, and the functions of various brain structures.

Whether you're studying for exams or simply want to reinforce your knowledge, this quiz will help you:

Identify key structures in the nervous system
Understand the functional areas of the brain
Learn about neurophysiological mechanisms

60 Questions15 MinutesCreated by ExploringBrain123

It is true regarding the ganglia of the nervous system:

Motor ganglia are exclusive to cranial nerves

Autonomic ganglia are found embedded on walls of various viscera

Sensory ganglia are present along cranial nerves

Some ganglia are located within the CNS

Lateral wall of sinus cavernosus contains EXCEPT

N. Ophtalmicus

N. Oculomotorius

N. Trochlearis

N. Mandibularis

Lymbic system has the following connecting patways

Stria ventralis

Stria terminalis

Fornix

Indusium griseum

Third order neurons are represented by:

Substantia gelatinosa

N. Gracilis

Ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus

N. Cutaneus

The gray matter of the spinal cord has the following characteristics:

Substantia gelatinosa is present through the length of the spinal cord

Central group anterior gray column is present in some thoracic segments

N. Dorsalis is associated with proprioceptive endings

Intermediolateral group of lateral gray column receives visceral afferent information

Regarding sympathetic system

Outflow: T1-L12

Postganglionic fibers short

Preganglionic fibers are nonmyelinated

Neurotransmitter is acetylcholine

Roof of the 4th ventricle

Contains apertura mediana ventriculi quarti

B. Contains no choroid plexus

C. Made by ependyma and pia mater in its upper part

D. Contains choroid plexus of ventricles

5th layer of the cerebral cortex

Ganglionic layer

Molecular layer

Internal granular layer

Multiform layer

The following structures are passing through fissura pterygomaxillaris

A. maxillaris

N. Nasopalatinus

Plexus pterygoideus

N. Maxilares

Components corpus striatum

Claustrum

Globus pallidus

Amygdaloid nucleous

Putamen

Which answers are true about the functional areas of the cerebellar cortex

Intermediate zone control movement feet

Flocculonodulus controlling movement feet

Vermis involve in assessment of movement errors

Lateral zone control movement limbs only

Reticular activating system controls

Arousal

Facial expression muscle

Level of consciousness

Somatic and visceral sensation

The skin of regio temporalis is innervated by:

Nervus auricularis profundus

Nervi temporales profundi

Nervus buccalis

Nervus auricotemporalis

Vestibulospinal tract

Is uncrossed

Descussates right after its origin

Terminates on interneurons of anterior gray column

Inhibits activity of extensor muscles

Arteria basilaris

Provides laberynthine artery

Is formed by the union of 2 anterior cerebellar arteries

Is located on the anterior surface brainstem

Terminates by splitting into 2 posterior cerebellar arteries

Cranial parasympatheric ganglia are

Stellate ganglion

Celiac ganglia

Ciliary ganglia

Pterygopalatine ganglion

Renshaw cells

Receive input from collaterals of posterior non ganglionic neurons

Are interneurons

Inhibit lower motor neurons

Receive input from descending pathway

Meissner corpuscles are

Sensitive to vibration

Stretch receptors

Rapid adapting mechanisms

Found in joint capsule

Foramen lacerum contains

N. Petrosus minor

N. Petrosus ascendens

Plexus caroticus

Vena emissaria

M. thyrohyoideus

Raises larynx when hyoid bone is fixed

Raises hyoid bone when larynx is fixed

Is innervated by fibers carried by N. hypoglossus

Is innervated by fibers fom Ansa cervicalis

Sinus cavernosus

Is located on 2 sides of corpus ossis sphenoidalis

Contains A. Carotis interna

Is in fossa crani anterior

Extends to the base of temporal bone

Components of hindbrain

Cerebellum

Pons

Mesencephalon

Diencephalon

Nuclei which participate in consensual light reflex

Pretectal nucleus

Edinger- westphal nucleus

Trochlear nucleus

Adducent nucleus

Nuclei that are found in the midbrain

Nucleus ruber

Edinger-westphal nucleus

Trapezoid nucleus

Substantia ferruginea

Walls of the carotid compartment

Medial – trachea and esophagus

Anterolateral – M. sternocleidomastoideus

Posterior – thoracic spine

Superior – M. digastricus, venter posterior

Protoplasmic astrocytes

Store glycogen

Have phagocytic function

Form myelin

Absorbs CSF

Afferent fibers entering the hippocampus come from:

Gyrus cinguli

Entorhinal area

Anterior thalamic nuclei

Habenular nuclei

The following muscles retract the mandible, EXCEPT:

M. geniohyoideus

M. mylohyoideus

M. Pterygoideus lateralis

M. Temporalis posterior fibers

Borders of the scaleno vertebral triangle (Thoma lonescu)

Medial- cervical spine

Medial- trachea and esophagus

Inferior- dome pleura

Lateral- lateral margin of the scalenus muscles

Nucleus ventralis posteromedialis relays

Medial leminiscus

Spinal lemeniscus

Trigeminal pathway

Gustatory pathway

Interscalenic fissure contains:

Plexus cervicalis

Arteria carotis externa

Truncus venosus jugularis

Plexus brachialis

Sinus cavernosus communicates with:

Sinus petrosus inferior

Sinus tranversus

Vena ophthalmic superior

Sinus sigmoideus

Superficial layer of infrahyoid muscles contains:

Musculus omohyoideus

Musculus thyrohyoideus

Musculus sternohyoideus

Musculus sternothyroideus

Receptors which can be found in the cornea are:

Pacini corpuscle

Merkel discs

Free nerve endings

Ruffini corpuscles

Primary auditory area corresponds to:

Broadmann area 41

Broadmann area 42

Broadmann area 19

Broadmann area 22

Prevertebral plane of neck contains:

Arteria carotis externa

Vena jugularis externa

Accessorius nerve

Truncus sympathicus

Origins of the posterior spinocerebellar tract are:

Utricle (saccula)

Muscle spindle

Joint receptor

Frontal lobe

Neurotransmitters used by striatonigral fibers are:

Acetylcholine

Serotonin

Norepinephrine

Substance P

Effectors innervated by the Autonomic NS, exepct:

Smooth muscle

Endocrine glands

Exocrine glands

Heart muscle

Afferent connections of the striatum may be:

Pallidostriatal

Thalamostriatal

Cerebellostriatal

Nigrostriatal

Lemniscus spinalis of the brain stem consist of:

Tractus spinothalamicus lateralis

Tractus spinorecticularis

Tractus spinolivaris

Tractus spinotectalis

Conduction velocity (m/s) of B nerve fibers is:

3-15

0.2-0.5

40-70

10-60

Functions of the anterior thalamic nucleus are:

Emotional tone

Recent memory

Pressure sensations from skin are transmitted by pathways which correspond to this criteria:

It is part of the spinal lemniscus

Cervical fibers are mostly medial within the tract

It decussates in medula oblongata

It does not decussate

Vasopressin and Oxytocin are synthesized in the nerve cells of:

Paraventricular nucleus

Supraoptic nucleus

Lateral geniculate body

Dorsomedial thalamic nucleus

Afferent fibers of the hypothalamus may come from:

Retina

Corpus amygdaloideus

Occipital lobe cortex

Putamen

The following structures are passing through fissura pterygomaxillaris

A. maxillaris

N. nasopalatinus

Plexus pterygoideus

N. maxillaris

The sphenopalatine artery:

Supplies the paranasal sinuses through posterior lateral nasal arteries

Leaves the pterygopalatine fossa laterally through the sphenopalatine foramen

Gives off branches that anastomose with the end of the greater palatine artery

Contributes to the blood supply of the anterior cranial fossa

The middle meningeal artery:

Originates from the second part of A. maxillaris

Enters Fossa cranii media through Foramen ovale

Passes between the two roots of N. auriculotympanicus

Its branches travel in the periosteal layer of dura mater

The pterygoid plexus:

Is a network of veins between the medial and lateral pterygoid plates

Drains regions supplied by arteries branching from the facial artery

Is connected to the retromandibular vein

Is connected to Sinus cavernosus

M. Pterygoideus medialis:

Elevates the mandible

Contributes to the protrusion of the mandible

Depresses the mandible

Contributes to the retraction of the mandible

M. mylohyoideus:

Depresses the floor of the mouth

Is innervated by N. facialis

Is innervated by the mylohyoid nerve from N. lingualis

Elevates the hyoid bone

It is true regarding the spinal nerves:

Their posterior roots contain afferent fibers

Their posterior root ganglia contain sensory neurons

Their posterior rami contribute to nerve plexuses of the limbs

The thoracic and lumbar nerves from Cauda equina

Foramen magnum contains:

Vena emissaria occipitalis

Nervus accessorius,radices spinales

Arteria spinales

Arteria basilaris

Which of the following have cholinergic synapses:

Parasymphatetic nerve ending

Purkinje cells axon terminalis

Substantia nigra neuron terminal

Motor neuron collaterals to Renshaw cells

Neurites:

Increase surface areas of neuronal cell body

May reach several meters in length

Always conduct impulses away from neuronal cell body

Dendric spines that are small projections of dendrites

Lateral vasculonervous bundle of the orbit contains:

Nervus zygomaticus

Nervus nasociliaris

Nervus frontalis

Nervus lacrimal

The epithalamus consist of:

Pineal gland

Habenular nucleus

Mammillary glands

Tuber cinereus

Which arteries contribute to the circle of willis?

Arteria cerebri anterior

Arteria ophthalmica

Arteria communicans anterior

Arteria cerebelli anterior

Submandibular compartment contains:

Nervus lingualis

Nervus transversus colli

Platysma

Arteria facialis

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