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Epidemiology and Research Methods Quiz
Welcome to the Epidemiology and Research Methods Quiz! Test your knowledge across a variety of topics ranging from research design to measurement techniques. This quiz is designed for students and professionals looking to deepen their understanding of these essential concepts.
Key Features:
- 202 Engaging Questions
- Diverse Question Formats
- Topics Include Research Design, Measurement, and More
In the definition of epidemiology, "distribution" refers to:
Who
When, Where
Why, who
Who, when and where
In the definition of epidemiology, determinants generally includes:
Agents
Cause
Risk factor
Sources
All of the above
Students find/explore the in formations themselves in
Lecture method
Discovery method
Lecture method and Discovery method
None answer
Which is not true about projects
It is a purposeful activity
It is proceeded in social enviroment
It is accomplished in real life
It is teacher centered activity
Which of the following statement is correct about the references?
A reference must always be initialized within functions.
A reference must always be initialized outside all functions.
A reference must always be initialized.
A reference must always be initialized within functions and a reference must always be initialized .
Which of the following statements are true?
The larger the sample size, the greater the sampling error
The more categories or breakdowns you want to make in your data analysis, the larger the sample needed
The fewer categories or breakdowns you want to make in your data analysis, the larger
The sample needed
As sample size decreases, so does the size of the confidence interval
Which of the following is not a characteristic of research?
It requires the collection of new data
It is reiterative
It requires reasoned arguments to develop conclusions
It aims to increase understanding
A study that investigates the relationship between gender and participation in sport would be an example of?
Exploratory research
Descriptive research
Explanatory research
Predictive research
A study that explores the success of coaching styles using data from the past three years results to identify potential improvements would be?
Pure, theoretical research
Applied, theoretical research
Pure empirical research
Applied empirical research
Research is often published in academic journals. Which of the following is not a peer reviewed sport journal?
Sociology of Sport
Journal of Sport and Tourism
European Sport Management Quarterly
The journal of Sports Coaching
What would not be a consideration during the research design stage?
The availability of literature
The availability of participants
The type of methods that would be used
The type of analysis that would take place
Your conceptual framework is normally developed?
Before your literature review
During your literature review
After data collection
After data analysis
You would like to repeat a study that has just been published. Which would not be an appropriate way to make such a study original?
Geographically
Temporally
Socially
Contextually
When assessing a research question, which is not an element of ‘CAFÉ’?
Control
Facilities and resources
Access
Expertise
What should not be included in a research proposal?
A summary of existing work in the area
The proposed methods to collect data
The results that will be obtained
An acknowledgement of any ethical issues
When assessing Internet based literature, which of the following is NOT important?
The credibility of the author
The intended audience of the site
The purpose of the site
The layout of the site
Which of the following is NOT a function of referencing?
To demonstrate breadth of reading
To attribute a quotation
To ensure a sufficiently long reference list
To justify your approach
A literature review should include material that is
Directly related to your research question only
Closely related to your research question only
From the wider sports literature, but not from non-sports literature
From any available discipline if relevant
Identifying someone's gender is an example of
Nominal measurement
Ordinal measurement
Nterval measurement
Ratio measurement
Identifying someones age is an example of
Nominal measurement
Ordinal measurement
Nterval measurement
Ratio measurement
An experimental research design normally involves
Manipulating the independent variable
Manipulating the dependent variable
A number of repeated measures
Data collected over an extended time period
Which of the following are not normally a requirement for experimental research design?
Demonstrating co variation
Demonstrating time order
Demonstrating repeated measures
Demonstrating non spuriousness
What is investigator triangulation?
The researcher collecting data from more than one source
More than one researcher collecting data and drawing their own conclusions
The researcher using more than none theory to explore a topic
The researcher using more than one sample to explore a topic
When may a participant withdraw from a study?
When the study is complete
With the permission of the researcher
At any time they feel they wish to withdraw
As soon as they have provided enough data for conclusions to have been made
Which of the following is not an advantage of a questionnaire?
Provides structured data
Allows the respondent to complete in their own time
Allows complex questions
Allows access to a dispersed sample group
The collection of qualitative data using a questinnaire would require you to use
Closed questions
List questions
Likert scales
Open questions
When designing a questionnaire, try to start off with
Closed questions
List questions
Likert scales
Open questions
What should not be included in a covering letter?
Details of the researcher
An explanation of the research
An indication of the likely results
An indication of when and how the questionnaire should be returned
. An interview that allows the respondent to develop stories about their life experiences would be
An unstructured interview
A semi-structured interview
A structured interview
A narrative interview
An advantage of an interview over a questionnaire may be
It provides more structured data
The time taken is generally shorter for interviews
It is easier to analyse
It allows trust and rapport to be developed
Asking a respondent to develop a particular point would be an example of
A clarification probe
An elaboration probe
A development probe
All of these are corrects
When interviewing children, you should try to
Avoid being seen as an authority figure
Take them out of the classroom if interviewing them at school
Not be overly concerned with ethical issues
None of the above
Field notes should be
As brief as possible
Descriptive
Made after the fieldwork
Focus on a single element of the research
What will normally be the last of the following sections to be written?
Abstract
Literature review
Results
Conclusion
What should be the content of an abstract?
The topic and the research question or hypothesis
The topic, the research question or hypothesis, objectives, and methods of the study
The topic, the research question or hypothesis, objectives and a brief résumé of the conclusions
The topic, the research question or hypothesis, objectives, and methods of the study, a brief résumé of the conclusions
What should not be included in the introduction?
The aim of the research
A statement justifying the importance of the research
An indication of the key findings
An outline of the structure of the report
Which of the following do we recommend as ways to build your general knowledge of a topic area?
Read a good recent textbook chapter.
Look for the most recent in press publication before reading.
Find and use a reader on the topic in question.
Read a good recent textbook chapter and Find and use a reader on the topic in question
Why do you need to review the existing literature?
You enjoy reading the academic research on your topic.
Because without it, you could never reach the required word-count
To find out what is already known about your area of interest
To make sure you have a long list of references.
To read the literature critically means:
To suggest the previous research was always poorly conducted
Skimming through the material because most of it is just padding.
Evaluating what you read in terms of your own research questions.
Being negative about something before you read it.
What can a researcher use the literature to achieve?
They can demonstrate their competence by referring to prominent writings in the field.
They develop their version of the literature in such a way as to show and to lead up to the contribution they will be making in their own project or article.
They can identify a gap or problem in the literature that corresponds to the research questions
All of the above are corrects.
A systematic literature review is:
One which generates a literature review using a treasure hunt system.
A replicable, scientific, and transparent process.
One which gives equal attention to the principal contributors to the area.
A manufactured system for generating literature reviews tailored to your subject.
Which of the follow is a benefit of a systematic review?
It reduces researcher bias and demands the researcher is comprehensive of their approach.
It is really quick to complete.
It is cost effective as an approach.
It provides internal validity to the study.
What is a limitation of systematic review?
It is too hard to do.
The research cannot be defined into the impact of a single variable.
They are particularly complicated
The researcher community finds them complex.
What is distinctive about a narrative literature review?
It is a review based exclusively on stories about companies, in book and case-study form.
It is an historically-based review, starting with the earliest contributions to the field.
It is a paraphrase style of reviewing which does not require referencing.
It serves as a means of gaining an initial impression of a topic, which you will understand more fully as you conduct your research.
When accessing the internet, which of these steps is the most essential?
Recording the full URL
Noting the access dates
Downloading material to be referenced
They are all equally important
What does an empiricist believe?
We should not apply natural science methods to social science research
It is the sociologist's aim to understand the meaning of social acti
Knowledge, in the form of 'facts', should be gained through sensory experience
Research conducted within the British empire was biased and unreliable
An inductive theory is one that:
Involves testing an explicitly defined hypothesis
Does not allow for findings to feed back into the stock of knowledge
Uses quantitative methods whenever possible
Allows theory to emerge out of the data
An important practical issue to consider when designing a research project is:
Which theoretical perspective you find most interesting
Whether or not you have time to retile the bathroom first
How much time and money you have to conduct the research
Which color of ring binder to present your work in
Which of the following requirements for a dissertation may depend on your institution?
Whether an abstract should be included
The format for referencing
The word limit
All of the above
The role of a project supervisor is to:
Make sure you keep to your schedule and deadlines
Provide intellectual support, guidance and critical feedback
Negotiate access to the research setting on the student's behalf
Give you a reading list
You can manage your time and resources best, by:
Working out a timetable
Finding out what resources are readily available to you
Calculating a budget for likely expenditure
All of the above are corrects
How can you tell if your research questions are really good?
If they guide your literature search
If they are linked together to help you construct a coherent argument
If they force you to narrow the scope of your research
All of the above
Which of the following should be included in a research proposal?
Your academic status and experience
The difficulties you encountered with your previous reading on the topic
Your choice of research methods and reasons for choosing them
All of the above
Which of the following should you think about when preparing your research?
Your sample frame and sampling strategy
The ethical issues that might arise
Negotiating access to the setting
All of the above
Why is it helpful to keep a research diary or log book while you are conducting your project?
To give you something to do in the early stages of your research when nothing is happening
Because funding councils general demand to see written evidence, you were working every day during the period of the research
To keep a record of what you did and what happened throughout the research process
It can be added to your dissertation to ensure that you reach the required word limit
What can you do to ensure your physical safety during your research?
Be alert to the possibility of exposure to danger
Avoid interviewing alone in the respondent's residence
Make sure someone knows where you are and how you can contact them in an emergency
All of the above
What practical steps can you take before you actually start your research?
Find out exactly what your institution's requirements are for a dissertation
Make sure you are familiar with the hardware and software you plan to use
Apply for clearance of your project through an ethics committee
All of the above
To read critically means:
Taking an opposing point of view to the ideas and opinions expressed
Skimming through the material because most of it is just padding
Evaluating what you read in terms of your own research questions
Being negative about something before you read it
Which two of the following are legitimate frameworks for setting out a literature review:
Constructing intertextual coherence, Deconstruction of textual coherence
Deconstruction of textual coherence,
Deconstruction of textual coherence Problematizing the situation,
Constructing intertextual coherence, Problematizing the situation.
A systematic literature review is:
One which starts in your own library, then goes to on-line databases and, finally, to the internet
A replicable, scientific and transparent process
One which gives equal attention to the principal contributors to the area
A responsible, professional process of time-management for research
Plagiarism is such an awful crime that those found guilty should be obliged to wear a scarlet "P" on their clothing.
Why is it important that personal data about research participants are kept within secure, confidential records?
So that the participants cannot find out what has been written about them
In case individuals, places or organizations can be harmed through identification or disclosure of personal information
So that government officials, teachers and other people in authority can have easy access to the data
To enable the researcher to track down individuals and find out more about their lives
Which of the following is a form of harm that might be suffered by research participants?
Physical injury
Stress and anxiety
Impaired development
All are corrects
Why is it "easier said than done" to ensure that the principle of informed consent is adhered to?
It is not practicable to present every participant with all the information about the study
Sometimes it is desirable to withhold certain pieces of information, such as the length of time an interview will take
If the participants knew exactly what the researcher was intending to study, they might change their behaviour
All are corrects
An operational definition is:
One that bears no relation to the underlying concept
An abstract, theoretical definition of a concept
A definition of a concept in terms of specific, empirical measures
One that refers to opera singers and their work
The term 'reverse operationism' means that:
The theories we devise will often hinder our attempts to measure concepts
The measurements we devise can sometimes help to develop a theory
Techniques such as factor analysis have no place in social research
Driving instructors always make you practice the most difficult manoeuvre
Closed ended questions are those that:
Have a fixed range of possible answers
Prevent respondents from allocating themselves to a category
Encourage detailed, elaborate responses
Relate to the basic demographic characteristics of respondents
Which of the following is not advised when planning the question order of a structured interview?
Be wary of asking an earlier question that alters the salience of later questions
Expect some variation in the order in which questions are asked
Leave questions about sensitive or embarrassing issues until later in the interview
Group the questions into logically organised sections
Which of the following statements is correct?
Self-completion questionnaires are a type of postal survey
Postal surveys can include self-completion or email surveys
Self-completion questionnaires can include postal or email surveys
Email surveys are a type of postal questionnaire
One of the advantages of self-completion questionnaires over structured interviews is that:
They are quicker and cheaper to administer
They create interviewer effects
They have greater measurement validity
They are less prone to inter-coder variation
An open question is one that:
Allows respondents to answer in their own terms
Does not suggest or provide a limited range of responses
Can help to generate answers for closed questions
All of the above
Which of the following is a general rule of thumb for designing questions?
Always bear in mind your research questions
Never ask a closed question
Always use vignettes rather than open questions
Use ambiguous terms to put respondents at ease
A critical review aims to:
Summarise information on a topic from all relevant literature to inform practice
Identify strengths and limitations to make conclusions about quality of the evidence
Identify weaknesses in research studies to make judgements about their suitability
Describe the methods used to gain evidence in the research studies
In deciding which literature to include in a critical review you would include all except:
Journal articles that report on the relationship between variables
Published abstracts of research conference papers
Articles that discuss theories or concepts and their application to practice
Published studies that used qualitative methodology
In critically reviewing a report of a quantitative study the area of the report you would focus on to appraise credibility is the:
Introduction
Methodology
Ethical issues
Report of the analysis
The section/sentence that includes the aim or purpose of the study is found in the:
Literature review
Methodology
Introduction
Theoretical framework
When evaluating the research study results you would consider all of the following as important except:
The author's qualifications and experience
The design and methodology for the study
The significance of the findings for dentist practice
The discussion of results and recommendations for practice
In critiquing a qualitative research report you would expect to find information that would assist you in assessing the credibility of the study in the:
Literature review
Discussion of analysis of the data
Methodology
Philosophical integration
The final paper of a critical review of literature contains:
A summary of each author's work you have read
A description of the findings in each piece of research
A synthesis of the analysis of the information in the reviewed papers
Your analysis of each piece of literature
A good qualitative problem statement:
Defines the independent and dependent variables
Conveys a sense of emerging design
Specifies a research hypothesis to be tested
Specifies the relationship between variables that the researcher expects to find
The “tool” function of theory is to:
Summarize existing knowledge
Summarize existing hypotheses
Suggest new relationships and make new predictions
Suggest new theories
The statement of purpose in a research study should:
Identify the design of the study
Identify the intent or objective of the study
Specify the type of people to be used in the study
Describe the study
A qualitative research question:
Asks a question about some process, or phenomenon to be explored
Is generally an open-ended question
Asks a question about some process, or phenomenon to be explored and is generally an open-ended question
None of the above
According to the text, which of the following orders is the recommended in the flowchart of the development of a research idea?
Research topic, research problem, research purpose, research question, hypothesis
Research purpose, research problem and hypothesis
Research topic, research purpose, research question,
Research topic, hypothesis, research question
One step that is not included in planning a research study is:
Identifying a researchable problem
Developing a research plan
Statement of the research question
Conducting a meta-analysis of the research
Sources of researchable problems can include:
Researchers’ own experiences as educators
Practical issues that require solutions
Theory and past research
All of the above
Which of the following is a function of theory?
Integrating and summarizing current knowledge
Making predictions
Explaining phenomena
All of the above are corrects
A review of the literature prior to formulating research questions allows the researcher to do which of the following?
To become familiar with prior research on the phenomenon of interest
To identify potential methodological problems in the research area
To develop a list of pertinent problems relative to the phenomenon of interest
All of the above
What kind of ideas can’t be empirically researched?
Effectiveness of different methods of instruction
Description of educational practices
Issues of values and morality such as the correctness of having prayer in schools
Factors helpful in predicting future drug use
Computer database searches can be done:
With a computer with CD-ROM drive
At the library
Online
All of the above
The feasibility of a research study should be considered in light of:
Cost and time required to conduct the study
Skills required of the researcher
Potential ethical concerns
All of the above
A formal statement of the research question or “purpose of research study” generally:
Is made prior to the literature review
Is made after the literature review
Is made after the literature review and Will help guide the research process
All of the above
A statement of the quantitative research question should:
Extend the statement of purpose by specifying exactly the question(s) the researcher will address
Help the research in selecting appropriate participants, research methods, measures, and materials
Specify the variables of interest
All of the above
The research participants are described in detail in which section of the research plan?
Introduction
Method
Data analysis
Discussion
Research hypotheses are:
Formulated prior to a review of the literature
Statements of predicted relationships between variables
Stated such that they can be confirmed or refuted
Statements of predicted relationships between variables and Stated such that they can be confirmed or refuted
A research plan:
Should be detailed
Should be given to others for review and comments
Sets out the rationale for a research study
All of the above
. The Method section of the research plan typically specifies
The research participants
The apparatus, instruments, and materials for the research study
The planned research procedures
All are corrects
The Introduction section of the research plan
Gives an overview of prior relevant studies
Contains a statement of the purpose of the study
Concludes with a statement of the research questions and, for quantitative research, it includes the research hypothesis
All of the above are corrects
According to your text, which of the following is not a source of research ideas?
Everyday life
Practical issues
Past research
Theory
All are corrects
What do you need to be able to provide in order for your research to pass the so what? test?
Reasons why the research is important
Implications of answering the research question
Proof that no-one has ever conducted a similar study
Reasons why the research is important and Implications of answering the research question
Study participant-not patients: In this Manual and during the survey we use the term. Study Paticipant(sp) to refer to people who participate in study as they. Each section is described in three sub-sections:
Clinical procedures
Diagnosis codes
Diagnosis criteria
All are corrects
What is the main advantage of producing a written reasearch proposal?
Helps with credibility
Informs all interested parties
Helps keeps people employed
Helps the institution
All of these may appear in a research proposal, but which one will ALWAYS appear?
Reasearch objective
Creative objective
Business objective
Marketing objective
Which word fills all the blanks in this extract: we talk about generating------testing--------rejecting----------
Hypotheses
Questions
Aims
Objectives
The timing section of a proposal will NOT includes:
Deadline for submitting the final report
Guidelines on esthics
Progress report dates
Deadlines for ending data collection
Good reasearch proposal will always:
Focus on addressing the research objectives
Provide respondent names and addresses
Focus on the Harvard style
Consider all possible research that had previously been done on the topic
The proposal's literature review is important because
The tutor insists upon it
It looks authoritative
It is expected by the university
It shows that you are knowledgeable about the literature that relates to your research topic
Which proposal section is intended to describe the purpose with a full statement of the research Question?
Introduction
Literature review
Reference
Proposed Method
Which one of these phrases is best avoided in a proposal?
This research draws upon the work of.....
I hope to.....
This research seeks to.......
The intention is to complete the study by.........
Which ONE of these is best avoided in a proposal?
Short, clear sentences
Accurate spelling and grammar
Careful use of correct gender terms
Jargon
The final research report is NOT:
Future secondary data
Research proposal
Basic for decision-making
Tangible evidence of a research project
What helps to agree timing, agree resources allocation and also draws boundaries?
The final report
The proposal
The observation form
The questionaire
Projects do go wrong. In one case a student was indecisive and collected anything, just in case it came in useful: web sites, photocopies, brochures. The questionnaire even included irrelevant questions, just in case the information could be useful. Which ONE of the following would have been realistic and would have helped the most with this problem?
Using a Gantt chart
Setting a clear objective
Regular progress reports to the supervisor
Using SPSS
Being less ambitious etting clear objective
How are research questions most often described?
Arising within a laboratory setting
Posed after important factors are identified
May arise from our everyday life experience
Always answered if we follow a scientific method of inqui
In general, when selecting factors for a study, you want to be sure of which of these?
They have been investigated before
They are available to investigate
They are not of interest to you
They do not lead to another question
What does a good research question usually pursue?
A small part of abroad topic
A topic unrelated to any other topic
The same thing as the null hypothesis
A broad topic
Which of the following is a good way to find a research topic?
Personal experience
Getting an idea from your advisor
Looking for the next step in the research process
All of the above
How would you define the research process?
The research's plan of action to be followed when carrying out research
A method of collecting research data
The stages or steps the researcher follows in carrying out research projects
The account of a study the researchers will write at the end of the study ready for publication
Why does a research write a proposal at the start of a study?
So they will not forget what they are doing during the study
So they can advise for people to take part in the study
To make sure they have not left any part of the study out when they are planning it.
To apply for ethical approval and to gain permission to access participants or sources of data
Research is:
Searching again and again
Finding solution to any problem
Working in a scientific way to research for truth of any problem
All are corrects
Which of the following is the first step in starting the research process?
Searching sources of information to locate problem
Surgery of related literature
Identification of problem
Searching for solutions to the problem
Action research means:
A longitudinal research
An applied research
A research initiated to solve an immediate problem
A research with socioeconomic objective
A research paper is a brief report of research work based on
Primary Data only
Secondary Data only
Primary and secondary Data
All are corrects
Questionnaire is a:
Research method
Measurement technique
Tool for data collection
Data analysis technique
After you think of each research question, evaluate it by asking whether it is:
Logically related to the topic
In question form
Not answerable with a quick Google search
Specific, not vague
All are corrects
The steps for developing a research questio, listed below, help you organize your thoughts:
Choose a topic (or consider the one assigned to you)
Write a narrower/smaller topic that is related to the first
List some potential questions that could logically be asked in relation to the narrow topic
Choose and change the question that you are most interested in
All are corrects
For developing a research question you know the order of the steps
Imagining narrower topics about a larger one,
Thinking of question that stem from a narrow topic
Focusing questions to eliminate their vagueness
All are corrects
Why is it important to read original articles when you are reviewing the literature?
To look for flaws in the method
Examine the validity of the conclusions
To obtain an overview of methods and procedures
All of these
You are about to do a literature search, what would be the first stage?
Order some inter- library loans
Read introductory textbooks
Ask your lecturer for some articles
Do a literature search online
Which section of a journal article is provided in most online electronic databases?
Abstract
Results
Introduction
Conclusion
If you are a journal article not stocked by your library, what could you use?
Email the author
The inter-library loans system
Another library
Any of these
----------research is based on naturalism?
Basic research
Applies research
Field research
Descriptive research
What is epidemiology?
Epidemiology has made made major contribution to improving population health
Epidemiology is a fundamental science of public health
Epidemiology is essential to the process of identifying and mapping emerging disease
There is often a frustrating delay between acquiring equidemological evidence and applying this evidence to health policy
All are corrects
Which of the Epidemiology are interested in learning about---------
The cause of diseases and how to cure or control them
The frequency and geographic distribution of diseases
The causal relationships between diseases
All of the above
The following is not essential element of report writing?
Research methodology
Reference
Conclusion
None of these
What is the purpose of doing research?
To identify problem
To find the solution
To identify problem and to find the solution
None of these
The introductory section of a research report should aim to
Identify the specific focus of the study
Provide a rationale for the dissertation, or article
Grab the reader's attention
All of above
Which of the following can be a problem when writtting journal articles?
No theory
Amateur style and tone
Insufficient definition theory
All of the above
What is the purpose of the conclusion is a research report?
It just a summary what the article already said
It summarizes the key findings in relation to the research question
It contains a useful review of the relevant literature
It outlines the methodological procedures that were employed
Which of the following might you include in an Introductory letter to respondents?
An explanation of who you are and who is funding your research
An overview of what the research is about and how the data will be collected
A statement of their ethical rights to anonymity, confidentiality, etc.
All of the above
We review the relevant literature to know
What is already known about the topic
What concepts and theories have been applied to the topic
Who are the key contributors to the topic
All of above
A deductive theory is one that:
Allows theory to emerge out of the data
Involves testing an explicitly defined hypothesis
Allows for findings to feed back into the stock of knowledge
Uses qualitative methods whenever possible
What is research problem?
Is an educational issues or concern that an investigator presents
Justified in a research study
Opinions and attitudes
Is an educational issue or concern that an investigator presents and justifies in a research study
Procedures for reviewing the literature involved in conducting a literature review:
Search for existing literature in your area of study
Review the literature selected,
Develop a theoretical and a conceptual framework,
Writing up the literature reviewed
All are corrects
What do we do with research?
Have it as interesting fact
Use it to make decisions
Use it to persuade influence others
Use it to change behavior
All are corrects
What types of materials are needed?
Books, magazine articles
Newspaper articles, Scholarly journal articles and web site
Other materials, such as statistics, government publications
All are corrects
Why is background information important?
It helps you to focus on names, dates, events, organizations, terms, etc, associated with a topic
It can help you to formulate/ re formulate your topic( or, to put it another way, it can help you decide whether to broaden or narrow your topic).
Background sources might include bibliographies that you can use to find additional sources for your project.
All are corrects
Generally three ways you are asked to write about a research problem:
Your professor provides you with a general topic from which you study a particular aspect of
Your professor provides you with a list of posssible topics
Your professor leaves it up to you to choose a topic and you only have to obtain his /her permission to write about it before beginning your investigation. Here are some strategies for getting started for each scenario
All are corrects
Why must we understand research?
Help make informed decisions
Need to produce research in career
Evaluating research in the media and assist in classes
All are corrects
Finally review your new problem statement against the following criteria:
It should focus on only one problem
It should be one not suggest a solution
It should not suggest a solution
All are corrects
A research statement allows you to:
Show that you can take on independent research
Demonstrate your writting ability, independence as a researcher, and ability to earn grant money
State your short-term and long-term research goals
All are corrects
After reading the method section of a quantitative research report, you should know:
How the researcher analyzed the data
The researcher's interpretation of the statistical results
What the researcher did to collect the data
Which literature supports the researcher's hypothesis
Why the researcher conducted the study
The reporting accuracy of numerical information is most critical in which section?
Discussion
Literature review
Limitations
Future research
Results
The process of sampling involves:
Identification of study population
Definition of the sampling unit
Choice of sampling method
Estimation of the sample size
All are corrects
The whole writing process can be divided into the prewriting, writing, and rewriting or revisiting phases. In the prewriting phase, you might try to clarify:
What you want to write about
How you think and feel about your topic
What other materials and notes you might need and how to organize these materials
What is kind of audience you are writing for
All are corrects
The research question serves purposes:
It determines where kind of research the writer will be looking for
It determines what kind of research the writer will be looking for
It identifies the specific objectives the study or paper will address
All are corrects
A research question is
An answerable inquiry into a specific concern or issue
It is the initial step in a research project and the the first active step in the research project
The 'initial step' means after you have an idea of what you want to study
All are corrects
A literature review is an important part of the research process because:
It is a summary of what literature is available on your topic
It allows you identify and read key books and articles by some of the main figures who have written in the field
May supervisor likes to create more reading for me
I like to visit the library and read generally around my topic
Your research question is:
The key to success in doing your research
Writting your research paper
The foundation of all future work on the paper
All bare corrects
Why the Research Problem is important?
It establishes the importance of the topic
It creates reader interest
It focuses the reader's attention on how the study will add to the literature
All are corrects
Which research refers to scientific study and research that seeks to solve practical problem:
Basic research
Applied research
Exploratory research
All are corrects
A systematic study toward greater knowledge or understanding of the fundamental aspects of phenomena:
Basic research
Pure research
Applied research
Basic research and pure research
When planning your literature search you need to:
Have clearly defended research question and objectives
Define the parameters of your research
Generate key words and search term
All are corrects
Literature review is not usually concerned with helping in:
Research instrument design
Subsequent data collection
Objective setting
Literary appreciation
The literature review will examine:
Only facts
Only one side of the main argument
Only opinions
All aspects of a topic
Researchers need to cautious of some material, particularly material found online. Why?
It has been used before
The quality is unknown
It is too recent
The authors name often does not appear
Which of these will Not help you to decide whether a publication is reputable?
Citation rate
Audience
Importance to peers
Advertising inside
The likely readers (or audiences) for a journal is a useful guide to the importance of that journal to your research. Why?
It indicates the likely publisher
It indicates the likely number of pages
It indicates the likely content
It indicates the likely editor
Before searching you should define the timeframe of you search.why?
So you find the most articles
So you don't find the library busy
So you do not incur unnecessary costs
So you work when you are most efficient
Which is the major disadvantage of using peer-reviewed journals in literature review?
Subscription fees are high
Information could be as old as four years
Humans control the quality
The information is too recent
Why is it important for a researcher to review the literature?
Because it is traditional
Because it shows time has been spent on the subject
Because it will find if anyone has done the work before
Because it identifies like-minded researchers
Which of these is the most efficient way to locate relevant journals?
Searching using tertiary sources
Browsing the shelves in the library
Following up reference in articles
Browsing in a newsagents
Which one of these is not normally used by researchers to store references?
Panels
Spreadsheets
Word processing software
Handwritten index cards
When you cite internet resources, you do not need to find:
Date of acess
Date created
Date of birth of the author
Date last updated
A literature review is based on the assumption that
Copy from the work of others
Knowledge accumulates and learns form the work of others
Knowledge dis accumulates
None of the above option
Which of the following do we recommend as ways to build your general knowledge of a topic area?
Read a good recent textbook chapter
Look for the most recent in press publication before reading any other material
Find and use a reader on the topic in question
Read a good recent textbook chapter and find and use a reader on the topic in question
A successful literature review:
Synthesizes material from several sources sources on the same question/research topic
Assesses the state of existing knowledge on a topic by comparing studies in terms of assumptions
About the research question, experimental method, data analysis, any conclusion drawn, and to raise questions for further research
Synthesizes material from several sources on the same question/research topic and assesses the state of existing knowledge on a topic by comparing studies in terms of assumptions about the research question, experimental method, data analysis, any conclusions drawn, and to raise questions for further research
The research checklist includes all of the following questions expect which one?
Do you have relevant sources
Are you sources from scholarly academic journals or books
Can you offer justication for using popular sources
Do you have enough paper to print your final project
The introduction should:
Engage the reader in your topic
State the issue (research question)
Progressively narrow topic to specific lines of research
State the thesis that express your assessment of the state of knowledge on the issue
All of the above
The conclusion should:
Evaluate and summaries what Researchers have shown
Show strength and weaknesses
Provide questions for further study
All of the above
In order, the four basic sections of a quantitative research report are:
Literature review, results, method, discussion
Literature review, method, results, discussion
Discussion, literature review, method, results
Literature review, discussion, method, results
Method, results, literature review, discussion
The literature review should include:
A review or summary of the research completed prior to this study
Literature that supports and contradicts the researcher's position
The hypotheses and research questions (often presented at the end of this section)
An analysis critique of research completed prior to this study
All of the above
After reading the method section of a quantitative research report, you should know:
How to researcher analyzed the data
The researcher's interpretation of the statistical results
What the researcher did to collect the data
What the researcher did to collect the data
Which literature supports the researcher's hypotheses
Why the researcher conducted the study
The reporting accuracy of numerical information is most critical in which section?
Discussion
Literature review
Limitations
Future research
Results
The discussion section is characterized by:
The researcher's reporting of the statistical results
A brief conclusion and description of statistical tests
Repeating all of the literature listed in the literature review
The researcher's interpretation of the results
The inclusion of tables and graphs
In reading a quantitative research article you should:
Independently assess the results in addition to reading the researcher's interpretation in the discussion section
Refer back to the method section to determine how the data were collected when assessing the researcher's interpretations in the discussion section
Look for other plausible interpretations of the data beyond those presented by the author
Assess the link the author has made from the results to the supporting theory or framework
All of the above
Questions to ask yourself in regards to the completeness of the literature review include:
Does the title of the literature report reflect what happened or was found in the study
Are all of the terms defined and documented the first time they are used in the literature review
Does the problem statement still reflect the social or practical significance of your study
Have you added any additional journal articles or book chapters that strengthen your arguments
All of the above
In the results section, the minimum information needed to be presented for each hypothesis or questions is:
Statistical test used
Statistical test used and the results of the tests
The significance level of the test
Statistical test used, the results of the test, the significance level of the test, and a written description of the statistical test to the answering of the research question
When dealing with unexpected results:
The researcher should throw out the results and Discontinue writing the research report
The researcher should consider alternative explanations for findings
The researcher should talk to others with expertise in their research topic and methodology for useful insight
All of the above
The researcher should consider alternative explanations for findings and the researcher should talk to others with expertise in their research topic and methodology for useful insight
Regarding limitations, it is:
Customary for Researchers to draw reader's attention to those limitations that are most likely to influence the results and implications drawn from findings
Customary for the researcher to refrain from acknowledging and methodological limitations that may affect the results
Common to find no limitation to the design and methodology of the study
Common to address each and every potential limitation in the study
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