Dr.Em Savoeun 64 QCM

1. In which of these compartments is Na+ concentration the lowest?

2. Which statement concerning body fluid composition is correct?

3. Which fluid compartment contains about 60% (by volume) of all body water?

4. The fluid secreted into the stomach by the stomach lining is part of which fluid compartment?

5. In which choice are the major body fluid compartments ranked correctly in order of decreasing volume?

6. Which of these body fluid compartments contains the highest concentration of proteins?

7. Various tissues in the body have different levels of water content. Which of these has the lowest water content by volume?

8. The capillary endothelium separates these two body fluid compartments.

9. Which mechanism is the main regulator of water intake?

10. A loss of body water would do which of the following?

11. Body water is lost through each of these organs EXCEPT the

12. All of these factors help to cause ADH secretion EXCEPT

13. All of these are effects of antidiuretic hormone EXCEPT

14. Which condition is caused by water output exceeding water intake?

15. Hyposecretion of ADH has this effect on urine volume and concentration.

16. This hormone directly increases water reabsorption in the kidneys.

17. Which factor stimulates ADH secretion?

18. Hyposecretion of ADH causes

19. Drinking too much water could cause each of these changes EXCEPT

20. When the body has to get rid of excess water, the mechanism that is used is

21. A small amount of the daily water requirement is met by molecules produced during oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria. This is referred to as

22. A person who is dehydrated would exhibit all of these conditions EXCEPT

23. Which condition causes increased ECF osmolarity?

24. Which factor would cause a shift of water from the plasma to the interstitial fluid?

25. Which of these events will occur when a normal person is given isotonic fluids intravenously?

26. These are primarily responsible for the movement of fluid between plasma and interstitial fluids.

27. Which item is correctly matched with the area where it is located or secreted?

28. An increase in the ECF Na+ levels would cause

29. Which statement is correct?

30. Which of the following is true about hyponatremia?

31. High levels of Na+ in the ECF would cause which of the following?

32. The major cation in the extracellular fluid is

33. The major anion in the extracellular fluid is

34. ECF calcium levels are mainly regulated by which of the following hormones?

35. ECF sodium levels are mainly regulated by which of the following hormones?

36. ECF potassium levels are mainly regulated by which of the following hormones?

37. Which hormone is correctly matched with the results of its hypersecretion?

38. Which hormone stimulates the kidneys to excrete excess potassium?

39. When there is an abnormally high or low level of sodium in the ECF,

40. Water and electrolytes can move directly from the intracellular fluid into the

41. Prolonged vomiting may cause

42. Thirst is caused by which of the following?

43. The interstitial fluid, plasma and lymph are part of which larger fluid compartment?

44. A patient has a potassium level of 9.0 mEq/L. Which intervention is priority?

45. Which patient is at risk for hyperkalemia?

46. Tall peaked T-waves, flat P-waves, prolonged PR intervals and widened QRS complexes can present in which of the following conditions?

47. Which of the following is not a symptom of hyperkalemia?

48. A patient with nasogastric suctioning is experiencing diarrhea. The patient is ordered a morning dose of Lasix 20mg IV. Patient’s potassium level is 3.0. What is your next nursing intervention?

49. A patient is presenting with an orthostatic blood pressure of 80/40 when she stands up, thready and weak pulse of 58, and shallow respirations. In addition, the patient has been having frequent episodes of vomiting and nausea and is taking hydrochlorothiazide. Which of the following findings would explain the patient’s condition?

50. Which of the following is indicative of an EKG change in a case of hypokalemia?

51. A patient has a potassium level of 2.0. What would you expect to be ordered for this patient?

52. A 68-year-old man with chronic renal insufficiency presents with weakness, paresthesias, and progressively worsening shortness of breath. He has been experiencing these symptoms for 4 days. Laboratory findings show a potassium level of 7.2; an electrocardiogram reveals peaked T waves and widening of the QRS complex. Which of the following is NOT indicated in the initial treatment of this patient?

53. All of the following can cause hypokalemia because of transcellular shift except

54. Hypokalemia is associated with metabolic acidosis in which of the following

55. All of the following ECG changes can occur in hypokalemia except

56. Clinical features of hypokalemia include all except

57. Maximum concentration of potassium infusion in hypokalemia through peripheral line should be

58. The rate at which iv infusion of potassium is administered is usually

59. Hypokalemia associated with normal blood pressure can occur in which of the following condition

60. A 56-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because she has had increasing swelling of the right ankle over the past two days, since she sustained an injury while playing outdoors with her grandchildren. She says she has been taking over-the-counter ibuprofen 400 to 800 mg every four to six hours to relieve the pain. Medical history includes mild hypertension, which is currently controlled with lisinopril. Results of laboratory studies show elevated levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Acute renal failure induced by use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is suspected. If this suspected diagnosis is correct, which of the following additional abnormal laboratory results is most likely?

61. Hypokalemia with high reninemia may be due to:

62. What is pseudohyponatremia?

63. A 30-year-old woman, diarrhea, muscle weakness, ECG – sign of hypokalemia. Laboratory – Na+ = 140mEq/l, K+ = 2.1 mEq/l, Cl+ =117 mEq/l, Bicarb = 10, pH =7.26, PCO2 = 23mmHg.What is your diagnosis?

64. On the ECG you expect the value of potassium in laboratory is: