Exam #3
Advanced Immunology and Respiratory Physiology Quiz
Test your knowledge on advanced concepts in immunology and respiratory physiology through this comprehensive quiz! With 50 challenging questions, you'll explore various aspects of the human immune system, respiratory mechanics, and the physiological processes that keep us breathing.
Whether you're a student, teacher, or healthcare professional, this quiz is designed to enhance your understanding and retention of essential biological concepts. Get ready to:
- Enhance your knowledge of immunity
- Understand respiratory fun
ctions - Prepare for advanced examinations
Memory T cells can be up to ________ old.
Weeks
Days
Decades
Years
Months
The blood transports more C02 in the form of _______ than in any other form.
Carbaminohemoglobin
Carboxyhemoglobin
Bicarbonate ions
Dissolved C02 gas
Bisphosphocarbonate
Which of the following is correctly matched?
IgA- found in saliva and tears
IgD- can cross the placenta
IgG- first to challenge the antigen
IgM- smallest of the antibodies
IgE- transfusion reactions
Ventilation refers to the
Movement of air into and out of the lungs
Gas exchange between the blood and tissues
Transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
Gas exchange between the air in the lungs and the blood
Respiration at the cellular level
The amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can be inhaled with maximum effort is the _______.
Vital capacity
Inspiratory reserve volume
Expiatory reserve volume
Residual volume
Inspiratory capacity
Upon inspiration,what is the name of the air in the conducting division that is not available for gas exchange?
Alveolar dead space
Tracheal dead space
Anatomical dead space
Conducting dead space
Internal respiration refers to
Atmospheric air coming into the lungs
Gas exchange between the lungs and the blood
Gas exchange in the atmosphere
Gas exchange between the blood and body tissues
Cellular respiration
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) targets mainly__________.
Helper T cells
B cells
plasma cells
Cytotoxic T cells
Natural killer cells
The two categories of immune defensive mechanisms are ________ and __________.
Innate (nonspecific) immunity, adaptive (specific) immunity
Passive immunity, active immunity
Heavy immunity, light immunity
Direct immunity, indirect immunity
Bronchoconstriction, dyspnea, and widespread vasodilation are all characteristics of _________.
Local anaphylaxis
Anaphylactic shock
Autoimmune disease
An HIV infection
AIDS
Contraction of the ________ will increase the superior-inferior dimension of the thoracic cavity.
Rectus abdominis
Internal intercostals
Diaphragm
External intercostals
Sternocleidomastoid
Most oxygen in carried in the blood ______; but most carbon dioxide is _______/
Dissolved in plasma; associated with salt or acid
Bound to hemoglobin; associated with bicarbonate ions
Combined with albumin; associated with carbonic acid
Bound to hemoglobin; bound to albumin
Bound to plasma proteins; carried as carbon dioxide
What does "D" represent on the diagram?
Spleen
Thymus
Axillary lymph node
Inguinal lymph node
Thoracic duct
______ lacks the capacity to remember a pathogen or react differently to it in the future, whereas ________ utilizes memory cells to adapt to a given pathogen and ward it off more easily in the future.
Nonspecific resistance; cytotoxicity
Adaptive immunity; nonspecific resistance
A natural killer cell; a cytoxic T cell
Nonspecific resistance; adaptive immunity
Adaptive immunity; specific immunity
The _______ show(s) a remarkable degree of degeneration (involution) with age.
Lymph nodes
Thymus
Spleen
Pharyngeal tonsils
Appendix
From the largest to smallest, he correct sequence for the following passageways is
Bronchi, bronchioles, respirato bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, alveoli
Bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respirato bronchioles, bronchi, alveoli
Alveoli, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, bronchi
Bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveoli
Terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
Which center bears the primary responsibility for generating the respiratory rhythm, but is influenced by several other centers?
PRG
DRG
VRG
SRG
Each alveolus is surrounded by a web of blood capillaries supplied by the ________.
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava
Most common allergies are the result of ________.
Autoimmune disease
Type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity
Type III (immune complex) hypersensitivity
Type II (antibody-dependent cytotoxic) hypersensitivity
Type I (acute) hypersensitivity
A molecule of air enters the nose through the external nares. Which of the following is the correct pathway to the trachea?
Nasal cavity, larynx, pharynx, trachea
Oral cavity, nasal cavity, larynx, pharynx, trachea
Nasopharynx, nasal cavity, laryngopharynx, trachea
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea
Nasal cavity, trachea, larynx, pharynx
A person who is HIV-positive and has a helper T (TH) cell count lower than _________ has AIDS.
20,000 cells/uL
5,000 cells/uL
1,000 cells/uL
200 cells/uL
50 cells/uL
The respiratory zone of the tracheobronchial tree includes which of the following?
Trachea
Alveoli
Primary bronchi
Larynx
Tertiary bronchi
Which of the following statements regarding the lungs is correct?
The left lung is larger than the right lung
The left lung contains two lobes while the right lung contains three lobes
The left lung has more bronchopulmonary segments than the right lung
Only the right lung has a hilum
The left lung contains three lobes while the right lung contains two lobes.
The serous membranes that surround the lungs are called the
Mucous membranes
Synovial membranes
Pleural membranes
Peritoneal membranes
Pulmonary membranes
The major regulator of respiration is the plasma concentration of
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Water vapor
Nitrogen
Chloride
Which of the following cartilages is the largest?
Corniculate cartilage
Epiglottic cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
During swallowing, the opening into the larynx is covered by the
Epiglottis
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
The "Adam's apple"
Which of the following laryngeal cartilages are paired? (1)epiglottis (2)thyroid cartilage (3)corniculate cartilage (4)arytenoid cartilage (5)cuneiform cartilage (6) cricoid cartilage
1, 2, 6
3, 5, 6
2, 4, 5
3, 4, 5
2, 3, 4
The upper respiratory tract extend from the nose through the _________.
Trachea
Pharynx
Larynx
Alveoli
Lungs
Your breathing rate is 14 breaths/minute; spirometric measurements reveal your tidal volume is 500 mL; your inspiration reserve volume is 3000 mL; and your expiration reserve volume is 1,200 mL. Your vital capacity is ________ mL.
2,400
3,000
3,800
4,700
5,800
What does "C" represent on the diagram?
Spleen
Thymus
Axillary lymph node
Inguinal lymph node
Thoracic duct
Which bronchus is about 5cm long and slightly narrower and more horizontal than the one on the opposite side?
Left segmental bronchus
Right segmental bronchus
Right lobar bronchus
Left main bronchus
Right main bronchus
The immunoglobulin that is often the first antibody produced in response to antigen is
IgD
IgA
IgM
IgE
IgB
Before B cells secrete antibodies, they differentiate into _______.
Stem cells
Antigen-presenting cells
Plasma cells
T cells
Macrophages
Autoimmune diseases are disorders in which the immune system fails to distinguish _______ from foreign ones.
Self-immunoglobulins
Self-antibodies
Self-antigens
Self-interleukins
Self-complement proteins
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