A rigid body model considers that materials can have elastic deformations.

The main reason why a cane is useful is because it decreases torques in the leg.

If we apply a constant force to a purely viscous material, its deformation will increase linearly with time.

The constitutive equation of a material defines the relationship between stress and strain.

The Poisson ratio relates the elastic shear modulus to the complex shear modulus.

A prosthesis should deform less than the surrounding bone to provide resistance.

When an object buckles some elements are compressed and some elements are extended.

If you apply a torque to the left end of a cylinder and the right end is attached to a wall, the total angle of torsion decreases from left to right.

The second moment of area and the second polar moment of area are used when calculating bending and torsion, respectively.

Bone is the hardest tissue because it has the highest Young’s modulus.

Bone is very stiff because of its high content in fibrillar collagens.

Bone is very stiff because it is mineralized.

The Young’s modulus of cortical bone is only ~10% smaller than that of steel.

To calculate force balance in joints, bone elasticity can often be neglected.

The creep function for a purely elastic body is a constant position.

The young modulus defines viscosity of a material.

The constitutive equation of an elastic material and a viscous are the same.

A bone can deform over 50% before breaking.

A bone prosthesis has to be much stiffer than the surrounding bone to provide support.

When an object bends all its elements are under compression.

The geometry of an object does not affect its resistance to buckling.

When a bone is under torsion, different parts of the bone experience different deformations.

Stress is nonlinear with strain.

Stress is linear with strain for very small strains.

The young modulus is proportional to density of polymer chains.

The young modulus decreases with temperature.

The young modulus increases with temperature.

Power-law viscoelasticity is a hallmark of cells, ECM gels and tissues

Power-law viscoelasticity is a hallmark of cells, ECM gels but not tissues.

Power-law viscoelasticity is a hallmark of cells and tissues but not ECM gels.

Power-law viscoelasticity is predicted by the Kevin model of linear viscoelasticity.

Tissue viscoelasticity is characterized by G’(w)~G’’(w)~w-α, and by a relaxation modulus G(t)~t^(-α).

We should never model a bone as a rigid body because bones can deform.

A bone can be subjected to reaction forces from surrounding bones.

The Young’s modulus is used for tensile forces, and the shear modulus for compressive forces.

The Young’s modulus quantifies elasticity, and the Shear modulus quantifies viscosity

The bending of an object depends on the Young’s modulus of the material and the geometry of the object.

In a cylinder under torsion, the center of the cylinder is the part undergoing the highest torsions

The second moment of area is used for rectangular shapes and the second polar moment of area is used for cylindrical shapes.

The Euler force does not depend on the magnitude of buckling.

The calculation of force balance in joints depends on which point is choses as origin of torques.

In viscoelastic materials, forces depend both on deformations and on deformation rates.

The creep function for a purely viscous body is a constant displacement.

The Poisson ratio relates the Young’s modulus to the shear modulus

To work properly, prothesis and the surrounding bone should deform and rotate the same amount

When an object bends all its elements are under compression.

For the same cross-sectional area, the second polar moment of are of a hollow bone is higher than a solid (non-hollow) bone.

The Euler force depends on the second moment of area.

Cell adhesions to the extracellular matrix are mechanically passive, meaning that cells do not apply local forces to the surrounding extracellular matrix.

Cell adhesions to the extracellular matrix are mechanically active, meaning that cells attach and pull locally extracellular matrix.

Cells apply forces to the surrounding extracellular matrix through the actin-myosin cytoskeleton, which is connected to integrin receptors through adaptor proteins

There is solid evidence that some actin filaments within a cell are subjected to tension

There is evidence that microtubules are subjected to compression within cells.