Chapter 22 Respiratory system
Which of the following is not a process of respiration?
Pulmonary Ventilation
Pulmonary Respiration
Internal Respiration
External Respiration
Transport of Respiratory gases
Inspiration and expiration happens in which process of respiration?
Internal Respiration
External Respiration
Transport of Respiratory Gases
Pulmonary Ventilation
Which best describes inspiration process?
Moves air into lungs from atmosphere
Moves air out of lungs into atmosphere
Which best describes expiration process?
Moves air out of lungs into atmosphere
Moves air into lungs from atmosphere
O2 diffuses from lungs to blood and CO2 diffuses from blood to lungs
Best describes which process of respiration?
Pulmonary Ventilation
External Respiration
Transport of Respiratory Gases
Internal Respiration
O2 transported from lungs to tissue cells and CO2 transported from tissue cells to lungs
Best describes which process of respiration?
Transport of Respiratory Gases
Pulmonary Ventilation
External Respiration
Internal Respiration
O2 diffuses from blood to tissue cells and CO2 diffuses from tissue cells to blood
Best describes which process of respiration?
Pulmonary Ventilation
External Respiration
Internal Respiration
Transport of Respiratory Gases
As conducting tubes become smaller, which of the following structural changes occur? (Select all that apply and then click next to submit answer)
Support Structure ; Plates of cartilage replace cartilage rings.
Elastin in walls disappear
Color
Epithelium Type; Mucosal Epithelium thins..
Amount of Smooth Muscle; Smooth muscle in tube walls increase
Type I Alveolar Cells are?
Cuboidal epithelial cells and secret surfactant and antimicrobial proteins
Squamous epithelial cells and the major part of walls
Type II Alveolar Cells are?
Squamous epithelial cells and the major part of walls
Cuboidal epithelial cells and secret surfactant and antimicrobial proteins
Alveolar Macrophages craw freely and consume anything that does not belong such as bacteria, dust and other debris.
True
False
Which is not a type of Alveoli Cells ?
Type I Alveolar Cells
Type II Alveolar Cells
Alveolar Macrophages
Type III Alveolar Cells
Walls of Alveoli is?
Densely covered with pulmonary capillaries
Capillary+ alveolar walls+ fused basement membrane
A single layer of squamous epithelium cells type I alveolar cells) surrounded by flimsy basement membrane
Blood flowing past on one side and gas on the other
External surface of alveoli is ?
Densely covered with pulmonary capillaries
Capillary+ alveolar walls+ fused basement membrane
A single layer of squamous epithelium cells type I alveolar cells) surrounded by flimsy basement membrane
Blood flowing past on one side and gas on the other
Respiratory membrane is ?
Densely covered with pulmonary capillaries
Capillary+ alveolar walls+ fused basement membrane
A single layer of squamous epithelium cells type I alveolar cells) surrounded by flimsy basement membrane
Blood flowing past on one side and gas on the other
Blood air barrier is?
A single layer of squamous epithelium cells type I alveolar cells) surrounded by flimsy basement membrane
Blood flowing past on one side and gas on the other
Densely covered with pulmonary capillaries
Capillary+ alveolar walls+ fused basement membrane
What are the pressure relationships in the thoracic cavity?
(select all the apply and then click next to submit your answer)
Atmospheric pressure
Interpleural pressure
Intrapulmonary pressure
Interpulmonary pressure
Intrapleural pressure
Transpulmonary pressure
Which of the following describes Atmospheric pressure? (Select all that apply and click next to submit your answer)
Pressure exerted by air surrounding the body
Fluctuates with breathing
Always a negative pressure
760 mm Hg at sea level = 1 stmosphere
Keeps lungs from collapsing
Which of the following describes Intrapulmonary pressure? (Select all that apply and click next to submit your answer)
Pressure in alveoli
Also called Intra-alveolar pressure
Eventually equalizes with Atmospheric pressure
Pressure exerted by air surround the body
Pressure in pleural cavity
Fluctuates with breathing.
Pressure that keeps lungs spaces open
Which of the following describes Intrapleural pressure? (Select all that apply and click next to submit your answer)
Pressure in pleural cavity
Pressure in Alveoli
Always a negative pressure
Usually always 4mm Hg less than intrapulmonary pressure
Lungs can collapse if fluid accumulates positive (P ip) and pressure devlopes
Pressure the keeps lungs from collapsing
Pressure that keeps lungs spaces open
Which of the following describes Transpulmonary pressure? (Select all that apply and click next to submit your answer)
Pressure that keeps lungs spaces open
Keeps lungs from collapsing.
Pressure in alveoli
Greater Transpulmonary pressure, the larger the lungs will be.
(Intrapulmonary pressure - Intrapleural pressure)
In Transpulmonary pressure, lungs will collapse if?
(Select all that apply and click next to submit your answer)
Intrapleural pressure = Intrapulmonary
Interpleural pressure = Atmospheric pressure
Atmospheric pressure = Intrapulmonary pressure
Pulmonary ventilation consists of inspiration and expiration.
True
False
Which term means the relation between pressure and volume of gas?
Dalton's Law of partial pressures
Boyle's Law
Henrys Law
In Boyle's Law, pressure varies inversely with volume.
True
False
Which 2 are inspiratory muscles?
(There are 2 answers, select both of them and then click next to submit answers)
External intercostals
Internal intercostals
External olique
Diaphragm
Transversus Abdominis
When dome-shapes diaphragm contracts, it moves inferiorly and flattens out.
This can be best described as ?
Action of the diaphragm
Action of the intercostal muscle
When external intercostals contract, rib cage is lifted up and out.
This is best described as?
Action of the diaphragm
Action of the intercostal muscle
Which type of expiration is a passive process ?
Quiet expiration
Forced expiration
Which type of expiration is an active process?
Quiet Expiration
Forced Expiration
Airway resistance, Alveolar surface tension and Lung compliance are the 3 physical factors influencing pulmonary ventilation?
True
False
Which of the following describes Airway resistance? (Select all that apply and click next to submit your answer)
Relationship between flow, pressure and resistance
Gas flow changes inversely with resistance
Measure of much "stretch" the lung had
Resists any force that tends to increase surface area of liquid
Prevents alveolar collapse
Occurs in medium sized bronchi
Surfactant does not reduce alveolar surface tension.
True
False
Surfactant is ?
A body's detergent like lipid and protein complex that helps reduce surface tensions of alveolr fluid
The attraction of liquid molecules to one another at a gas-liquid interface
Surface tensions is ?
A body's detergent like lipid and protein complex that helps reduce surface tensions of alveolr fluid
The attraction of liquid molecules to one another at a gas-liquid interface
Lung compliance is ?
A measure of change in lung volume that occurs with given change in transpulmonary pressure
Relationship between flow, pressure and resistance
Which best describes lung compliance ?
(Select all that apply and click next to submit your answer)
Measure of how much " stretch" the lung has
Prevents alveolar collapse
Higher lung compliance means it is easier to expand lungs
Occurs in medium -sized bronchi
Which of the following is not a reason why lung compliance can be diminished?
Nonelastic scar tissue replacing lung tissue ( fibrosis)
Reduced production of surfactant
Distensibility of lung tissue
Decreased flexibility of thoracic cage
The amount of air moved into and out of the lung with each breath is ?
Inspiratory reserve volume ( IRV)
Residual Volume (RV)
Expiratory reserve volume ( ERV)
Tidal Volume (TV)
The amount of air that can be inspired forcibly beyond the tidal volume is ?
Residual Volume (RV)
Inspiratory reserve volume ( IRV)
Expiratory reserve volume ( ERV)
Tidal Volume (TV)
The amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from lungs is ?
Residual Volume (RV)
Inspiratory reserve volume ( IRV)
Expiratory reserve volume ( ERV)
Tidal Volume (TV)
The amount of air that always remain in lung is ?
Residual Volume (RV)
Inspiratory reserve volume ( IRV)
Expiratory reserve volume ( ERV)
Tidal Volume (TV)
Inspiratory Capacity is ;
Sum of tidal volume (TV) + Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
Sum of tidal volume (TV) + Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) + Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Sum of all lung volumes (Tidal volume (TV) + Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) + Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) + residual volume (RV)
Sum of residual volume ( RV) + Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Vital Capacity (VC) is ?
Sum of tidal volume (TV) + Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
Sum of tidal volume (TV) + Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) + Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Sum of all lung volumes (Tidal volume (TV) + Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) + Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) + residual volume (RV)
Sum of residual volume ( RV) + Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Functional residual capacity (FRC) is ?
Sum of tidal volume (TV) + Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
Sum of tidal volume (TV) + Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) + Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Sum of all lung volumes (Tidal volume (TV) + Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) + Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) + residual volume (RV)
Sum of residual volume ( RV) + Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Total lung capacity is ?
Sum of tidal volume (TV) + Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
Sum of tidal volume (TV) + Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) + Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Sum of all lung volumes (Tidal volume (TV) + Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) + Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) + residual volume (RV)
Sum of residual volume ( RV) + Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Which dead space does not contribute to gas exchange?
Alveolar dead space
Total dead space
Anatomical dead space
Which dead space is occupied by nonfunction alveoli?
Alveolar dead space
Total dead space
Anatomical dead space
Which dead space is the sum of anatomical and alveolar dead space?
Alveolar dead space
Total dead space
Anatomical dead space
Minute ventilation is ?
Total amount of gas that flows into or out of respiratory tract in 1 min.
Flow of gases into and out of alveoli during a particular time
Alveolar ventilation rate is ?
Flow of gases into and out of alveoli during a particular time
Total amount of gas that flows into or out of respiratory tract in 1 min.
Henry's law is best described as ?
Total pressure exerted by mixture of gases is equal to sum of pressures exerted by each gas
When gas comes in contact with liquid, gas will dissolve in liquid in proportion to its partial pressure
Relationship between pressure and volume of gas
Dalton's law of partial pressure is best described as?
Total pressure exerted by mixture of gases is equal to sum of pressures exerted by each gas
When gas comes in contact with liquid, gas will dissolve in liquid in proportion to its partial pressure
Relationship between pressure and volume of gas
Which type of respiration involves the exchange of O2 and CO2 across respiratory membranes?
Internal Respiration
External Respiration
Which type of respiration involves capillary gas exchange?
External Respiration
Internal Respiration
In External respiration, exchange is influenced by ?
Partial pressure gradients and gas solubilities
Thickness and surface are of respiratory membrance
Ventilation- perfusion coupling
All of the above
In internal respiration, partial pressures and diffusions gradients are reversed compared to external respiration
True
False
In the oxygen transport, how is molecular O2 carried in the blood ? ( there are 2 answers to this question. Select both answer and then click next to submit your answer.
98.5% is loosely bound to each Fe of hemoglobin (Hb) in RBC's
1.5% is dissolved in plasma
Chemically bound to hemoglobin
Which lung disease is a infectious disease caused by bacterium myxobacterium tuberculosis?
Asthma
Tuberculosis (TB)
Lung Cancer
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Which lung disease is caused by smoking ?
Asthma
Tuberculosis (TB)
Lung Cancer
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Coughing, dyspnea, wheezing and chest tightness are symptoms of which lung disease?
Asthma
Tuberculosis (TB)
Lung Cancer
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic bronchitis is not a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
True
False
Emphysema is a lung disease that makes it hard to breath and receive oxygen..
True
False
Eupnea means ?
Fast shallow breathing
Normal respiratory rate and rhythm
Breathing cessation
Difficult or labored breathing; air hunger
Inflammation of the pleurae
Condition in which inadequate oxygen is available to tissues
Low carbon dioxide levels in blood
High carbon dioxide levels in blood
Tachypnea means ?
Fast shallow breathing
Normal respiratory rate and rhythm
Breathing cessation
Difficult or labored breathing; air hunger
Inflammation of the pleurae
Condition in which inadequate oxygen is available to tissues
Low carbon dioxide levels in blood
High carbon dioxide levels in blood
Apena means ?
Fast shallow breathing
Normal respiratory rate and rhythm
Difficult or labored breathing; air hunger
Breathing cessation
Inflammation of the pleurae
Condition in which inadequate oxygen is available to tissues
Low carbon dioxide levels in blood
High carbon dioxide levels in blood
Dyspnea means ?
Fast shallow breathing
Difficult or labored breathing; air hunger
Inflammation of the pleurae
Low carbon dioxide levels in blood
Normal respiratory rate and rhythm
Breathing cessation
Condition in which inadequate oxygen is available to tissues
High carbon dioxide levels in blood
Pleurisy means ?
Condition in which inadequate oxygen is available to tissues
Normal respiratory rate and rhythm
Fast shallow breathing
Difficult or labored breathing; air hunger
Low carbon dioxide levels in blood
Breathing cessation
High carbon dioxide levels in blood
Inflammation of the pleurae
Hypoxia means ?
Condition in which inadequate oxygen is available to tissues
Normal respiratory rate and rhythm
Fast shallow breathing
Difficult or labored breathing; air hunger
Low carbon dioxide levels in blood
Breathing cessation
High carbon dioxide levels in blood
Inflammation of the pleurae
Hypocapnia means ?
High carbon dioxide levels in blood
Inflammation of the pleurae
Breathing cessation
Low carbon dioxide levels in blood
Fast shallow breathing
Difficult or labored breathing; air hunger
Condition in which inadequate oxygen is available to tissues
Normal respiratory rate and rhythm
Hypercapnia means?
High carbon dioxide levels in blood
Inflammation of the pleurae
Breathing cessation
Low carbon dioxide levels in blood
Fast shallow breathing
Difficult or labored breathing; air hunger
Condition in which inadequate oxygen is available to tissues
Normal respiratory rate and rhythm
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