Psychology Review

What is one adavanteg and one disadvantage of Naturalistic Observation

One adavantage is that the animal that is being studied in in it's natural habitat

One disadvantage of naturalistic observation is that things may not be what it seems. Naturalistic observation describes the behavior; not explain it.

Naturalistic observation is best describd as observing and recording the behavior of animals and the recording of seating patterns.

What is the Limbic System

The limbic system controls our everyday emotion.

It consist of the hippocampus, Amygdala,Cingulate gylus,and parts of the Hypothalamus and Thalamus.

What is REM-3 sleep

A recurring sleep stage where vivid dreams most commonly occur.

Experience Hallunicination.

Large slow delta waves.

Hard to awake, children have night terrors and it last 90 to 120 minutes.

What is the difference between Eri Erikson, Jean Piaget, and Kohlberg's Theories.

Eric proposed developemental stages that ranged birth to death

Jean Piaget's theory Cognitive development ranged birth adolescent

Kohlbergs developed the moral development theory which ranged birth to adolescent.

Personality

Our characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting.

Detecting and encoding of stimulus energies by sensonry receptors and the nervous system

Conscious awareness of a familiar stimuli

Case study

A descriptive technique fort obtaining teh self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group.

Technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in hope of revealing universal principles.

The outcome is measured.

Naturalistic observation

A measure measrue of extent to which two factors vary together.

A researcher can manipulate one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process

A research done to study effects on how a bird will adapt in the zoo when its favorite tree is taken away.

A descrptive technqiue of observing and recording behavior in nautrally occuring situations.l

Survey

A randon selection of people in a state

A research technquie where one factor is being manipulated and the other one is not.

A descrptive technique for obtaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group.

None of these

Correlation method

The factors do not vary

Two factors vary together and thus of how well either factor predicts the other.

In experimental research, the factor that is not manipluated

None of these

Experimentation

Only one factor is being manipulated

All factors are being manipulated

One factor is being manipluated and the other factor is not

None of these

Experiment group VS. Control group

Experiment group is being exposed to the treatement and the control group is not exposed.

The experiemental group is not being exposed to the treatment and the control group is being exposed.

The experiment and the control group is both being manipulated.

Independent groups VS. Dependnent variable

Independent is the outcome measured and the dependent is the factor being manipulated

Both A&D

None of these

Independent is the factor being maniplated and the dependent is the outcome measured.

Random assignment of subjects

Assigning participants to experiment and control groups by chance.

Selecting the students with the best grades

Selecting the students who volunteered.

Assigning students with the worst grades.

Replication

Repeating the essence of a research study with different participants in the same sitatutation to produce the same outcome.

Repeating the essence of a research study with different participants in a different situation to produce the same outcome

Repeating the essence of a research study with the same people in a different situation to produce the same outcome.

Repeating the essence of a research study with different participants in a different sitautation to produce a different outcome.

Placebo

Experimental results caued by expectations alone, any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inhert substance or conditon.

Parts of a neuron

Dendrite, axon, cellbody, myelin sheath and schwann cell

Dendrite, axon and cell body

Dendrite, axon and schwann cell

Dendrite, axon, myelin sheath, and schwann cell

Action potential

A gap between two neurons

A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon

Holds the cell body

Dopamine

Synapse

Chemical messengers

Holds the cell body

Aa gap between two neurons

Allows cell body to fire potential

Neurotransmitters

Schwann cell

Nerve impulses travel over a synapse

A gap between two neurons

Chemical messengers

Lobes of the cerebral cortex

Frontal: planing & reasoning, pariental: touch, temporal: lanugage and hearing, and occipital: vision.

The hemipsheric differences

Right: visual spatial processing and comprehension, emotional experssion and music.

Left: lanuage functions and recognizing parts to make it whole.

Limbic system

Hippocampus: memory

Amygdala: controls emotion

Cingulate Gyrus: agression, emotion and pain.

Parts of the hypothalamus and thalamus

Pick the correct choice

Kohlberg: moral development

Piaget and coginitive development

Erikson and developmental stages

Classificants of drugs as a stimulant, depressants or hallucinogens

Stimulants: excite neural activity caffeine

Depressants depress neural activity: alcohol

Hallucinogens: distort perceptions and envoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input. the TLC in maraijuana

Tolerance and withdrawal

Tolrence si the dimishing effect of a drug, so you take higher does to experience the effect of the drug

Withdrawal: discomfort and distress accompanied by stoppinguse of a drug.

Sleep disorders

Insomina: problems staying and going to sleep

Narcolpsy: sleep attacks

Sleep apena; stop breathing while sleeping

Sleep stages

Stage 1; 10 minutes of light sleep

Stage two; same as stage one but with spindles in the EEG

Stage 3 getting into deep sleep. Hard to awake occurs 20 to 50 % delta waves

Stage 4 deep sleep domianted by delta waves

REM: vivid dreams occur last 90 to 120 minutes

Manifest VS. Latent content of dreams

Manifest if the remembered dream line of a dream

Latent is the underlying meaning of a dream

Iconic VS. Echoic memory

Iconic: visual stimuli; a photographic memoru lasting 10 secs

Echoic: audiory memory stimuli, can be recalled within 3 to 4 secs

Working, short term memory and its capacity

Working: adds conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual spatial

Short tem memory holds only a few items(7) before it is stored or forgotten

Long term memory

Very brief sensory memory

Permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system

Only last 10 secs

Only can be recalled for 3 to 4 secs

Explicit and implict memory system

Explict: memory or facts obe can declare

Implict: retention learned skills, conscious recollection

Role of the hippocampus and cerebellum in the memory system

Hippocampus: explict memory system, acts as a save as button; remebers names, images and events.

Cerebellum: implict system, forms the storing of implict memory such as reflexes.

Long term potentation

An increase in a cell's firing potention after brief, rapid stimulation.

Believed t be a neural basuis for learning and memory

Spacing effect

The gestalt principle of promixty

Analysis that begins with sensory receptors

Aka short term memory

The tendency for distributing study or practice to yield better long term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice.

Psychoanalysis

Personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts.

The unconscious encoding of incidental information.

The tendency to recognize names we cant recall

Organization of things into managable units.

The ID, EGO AND SUPER EGO

Id: demanding imeediate gratification

Ego: execuite, meets amng the demads of the ID

Superego: internal ideas and provides standards for judgement

Defense mechanisms

The process by which we organize and interpet sensory information to make something a rememberable event

Sensory receptors

Transformation of light and sound into meaningful words and images

Thw ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

Trait perspective, big five personality traits, humanistic perspective

Trait: examine characteristic patterns of behavior traits

Humanistic: focused on inner capacities for growth and self-fulfillment

Big five personality traits: conscientousness, agreeableness, neurotism, openess, and extraversion.

Symptoms and treatments for depression

Symptoms: two or more weeks of depressed mood. Loss of interest and pleasure. Changing in appetite and weight, sleep and physical agitation or less energy.

Treatments: thearpy or it will end on its own.

Symptoms and treatments for schizophernia

Symptoms: disorganized speecg, thinking. Inapproiate emotions, may experience hallucinations, inappropriate in laughter and rage of tears. Ones with negative symptoms have toneless tones, experssionless faces or mute and rigid bodies

Treatment: drug therapy. It is hard to treat bc the disorder is a disease imbalance in the brain.

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