Nervous System

What is a stimulus?
Changes detected inside or outside the body
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What is sensory input?
Information gathered by receptors
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What does integration mean?
Sensory input is processed and interpreted
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When the nervous system dictates a response by activating the effector organs this is called:
Motor output
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The CNS is composed of the _ and the _
Brain and spinal cord
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The PNS consists of what two kinds of nerves?
Cranial and spinal
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Ganglia are clusters of:
Neuronal cell bodies
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Afferent is the sending of impulses _ the CNS
Towards
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Efferent is sending impulses _ _ the CNS
Away from
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Sensory is to _ as _ is to efferent
Afferent, motor
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What is a good acronym to help you remember this?
SAME. Sensory is to afferent as motor is to efferent
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What are the 3 basic divisions of the NS?
Somatic sensory, somatic motor, visceral sensory, visceral motor
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Which one is the autonomic nervous system?
Visceral
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Neurons transmit:
Electrical signals
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Support cells are non-:
Excitable
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Neurons are the basic _ _ of the NS
Structural unit
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What are the 3 special characteristics about neurons?
Longevity, do not divide, high metabolic rate
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Without oxygen neurons die after:
5 minutes
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Dendrites function as receptive sites for:
Receiving signals from other neurons
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What is the axon?
Impulse generator and conductor- it transmits impulses away from the cell body
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Where are neurotransmitters released?
At the terminal boutons
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What is the site at which neurons communicate?
The synapses
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What is axodendritic?
A synapse between axon terminals of one neuron and dendrites of the other
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What is axosomatic?
A synapse between axons and neuronal cell bodies
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Numerous dendrites and one axon =
Multipolar neurons
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Two dendrites and one axon =
Bipolar neurons
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One (or zero) dendrites per axon =
Unipolar neurons
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Sensory neurons transmit impulses _ the CNS
Towards
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_ _ transmit impulses away from the CNS
Motor neurons
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Interneurons are between _ and _ _ and are confined to the _
Motor and sensory neurons and are confined to the CNS
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Nerves of the CNS are composed of:
Interneurons
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What are reflex arcs?
Simple chains of neurons responsible for reflexes
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What reflex has just one synapse?
Monosynaptic reflex
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What is an example of a polysynaptic reflex?
Withdrawal reflex (taking your hand away from something hot)
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Neurons pass a signal to a specific destination along a single pathway... What is this type of processing?
Serial processing
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Input is delivered along many pathways; a single stimulus results in multiple perceptions... What is this type of processing?
Parallel processing
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What is multiple sclerosis?
An autoimmune disease
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What happens when you have an autoimmune disease?
Immune system attacks the myelin around axons in the CNS
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