BIOL 230 Lecture Exam 2 Part 1

Infection is the _____________ of the body by pathogenic microorganisms. This ___________ include normal microbiota .

Disease occurs when an infection affects ___________________________.

The microorganisms that permanently colonize the body but do not produce disease under normal conditions.

The microorganisms that may be present for days, weeks, or months, but are not permanent.

Symbiosis is the relationship between two different organisms. This includes:

Select the example for commensalism.

Select the example for mutualism.

What factors determine the distribution and composition of normal microbiota throughout the host?

What could be a problem with the first koch's postulate? "Some pathogens can cause several diseases."

What could be a problem with 1st koch's postulate? "Some diseases can be caused by several pathogens."

What could be a problem with 3rd koch's postulate? "Some pathogens only cause disease in animals."

Herd Immunity works if some of the population get vaccinated.

Herd immunity works by destroying the virus stopping the disease.

Select what is true about Herd immunity.

Predisposing factors make the body more susceptible to disease.

Select all that apply for predisposing factors.

A reservoir must provide the pathogen with adequate conditions for survival and an opportunity to be transmitted to a new host. Which of these pathogens are present in human reservoir?

A disease can be transmitted from the reservoir of infection to a susceptible host by?

A form of indirect contact would be?

A form of direct contact would be?

Transmission trough contact include.

Transmission of Disease through vehicle (Inanimate object or material)

Vectors are animals that carry pathogens from one host to another. Select all that apply.

Nosocomial infections are infections acquired in hospitals or other healthcare facilities.

Microorganisms in the hospital is a factor for nosocomial infections but why?

An emerging infectious disease is one that has appeared in a population for the first time, or that may have existed previously but is rapidly increasing in incidence and/or geographic range.

Contributing factors for emerging infectious diseases include.

Contributing factors for emerging infectious diseases include.

Epidemiologists determine the source of a disease outbreak and identify the factors that influence how many people will contract the disease with this knowledge comes the ability to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.

An individual that is infected but show no symptom is asymptomatic.

A disease that is not transmitted from one host to another like tetanus is call________________________.

A disease that is easily spread from one host to another is called________________________________.

A communicable disease is similar to__________________________.

A disease acquired by many hosts in a given area in a short time is called_______________.

A disease constantly present in a population over a long period of time is called_______________.

A worldwide epidemic is called ____________________________.

An acute disease is a short lasting disease.

A chronic disease develops slowly and lasts for long periods of time.

A latent disease is a disease with a period of no symptoms when the causative agents is inactive but then become active.

Local infections are limited to a small area of the body.

A systemic infection have pathogens or their products spread throughout the body by blood or lymph.

A primary infection is an acute infection that causes the initial illness.

A secondary infection is an infection caused by an opportunistic pathogen after a primary infection has weakened the body.

A sub-clinical disease has many symptoms and signs to distinguish it as an infection.

Epidemiology contributes to disease prevention by allowing the disease to spread farther and wider to extinguish it in one process.

In October of last year a virus named "HYPO TET TIC AL-01" caused quite a stir in the populous causing an epidemic in less that one week with no symptoms other than the occasional report of congestion of the nose. It was deemed as a simple passing similar to a seasonal flu but after many months those who were infected and recently infected would gain similar episodes with additional symptoms such as fever and mild cough. After months on end the disease seemed as if it would never disappear but when June arrived the number of cases dropped significantly to a point that it was nonexistent. Many epidemiologist suspect that the virus was contracted through rodents sheltering in houses and spreading it to felines and then humans. This hypothesis was confirmed when all infected with the viruses reported owning cats and admitted to being scratch and bitten by them constantly. With this report what can we infer about "HYPO TET TIC AL-01"?