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LAW OF ARMED CONFLICTS

A detailed and educational illustration representing international humanitarian law, depicting aspects of armed conflict, military operations, and the principles of warfare with a focus on justice and ethics.

Law of Armed Conflicts Quiz

Test your knowledge on the intricate rules governing armed conflicts through our comprehensive quiz. Delve into various aspects such as international humanitarian law, combatant status, and the principles regulating warfare.

73 challenging questions
Multiple choice format
Enhance your understanding of international law

73 Questions18 MinutesCreated by AnalyzingJustice417

International law is divided into

Private and public;

Positive and negative

Customary and doctrinaire

The name "laws and customs of war" was adopted by:

The Paris Convention of 1856;

The Hague Conferences of 1899 and 1907;

Additional Protocols of Geneva of 1977.

The main sources of international humanitarian law are

The international treaty and custom;

International custom and custom;

international politics.

Jus ad Bellum leaves the sphere of international humanitarian law and enters the sphere of international law public:

together with the implementation of the concept of responsibility to protect;

With the adoption of the first convention of international humanitarian law;

once the aggression war is outlawed.

The expression jus in bello defines:

The right to resort to war;

The set of norms applicable in the relations between the parties in armed conflict;

The right of states to annex the occupied territories.

The title "International law on armed conflict" was adopted by:

The Hague Conventions of 1907;

The Geneva Conventions of 1949;

Additional Protocols of 1977

The principle of discrimination in attack involves:

of the members of the armed forces to be forbidden to attack the population and the civilian goods, of the goods cultural and other categories of protected persons and property;

Attacking all persons regardless of sex, age, religion, race, political opinion;

that the parties to the conflict have an unlimited right to choose the means and methods of war

The principle of proportionality requires:

That the parties to the conflict not have an unlimited right to choose the means and methods of war;

all persons shall be treated humanely and without discrimination

Not to cause damages and losses to the opponents only in the proportion necessary to reach the purpose of the actions military, which is to destroy or weaken the military potential of the enemy.

Current international law prohibits:

Armed conflict;

Insurgency movements;

The war of aggression.

According to the subjects involved in the conflict, armed conflicts are classified:

International and non-international;

International and local

Global and non-international.

The 1949 Geneva Conventions provide protection in the event of:

International armed conflict;

War of liberation;

Insurgency movements.

Non-international armed conflict is governed by:

The Hague Conventions

Additional Protocols of 1977;

Art. 3 of the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977

Protocol 1 recognizes the wars of liberation as:

Non-international armed conflict;

International armed conflict;

internal tensions and disorders.

An internal armed conflict is internationalized when:

Takes place between a state and an organized armed group that receives military support from a foreign state;

Takes place between a state and an organized armed group based in a foreign state;

takes place between a state and an organized armed group operating on the territory of several states.

The identification of the type of armed conflict is relevant for

Determining the maximum number of forces that can be used against the opponent;

determining the degree of respect for human rights;

Determining the norms of international humanitarian law that are applicable.

The movements of armed resistance in the territories of the opposing state are

Destructured armed conflicts;

international armed conflicts;

Internal armed conflicts.

Combatants are:

Persons who, according to D1U, participate in hostilities, having the right to commit acts of hostility on the enemy;

Persons who commit acts of violence during armed conflicts

All adults in the conflict zone.

According to the IUD, the civilian population has the right to take up arms spontaneously, on its own initiative:

When the opposing forces have carried out control over their territory;

When the state authorities recruit volunteers,

When the enemy approaches.

The employment of children under 15 in armed conflicts is:

Prohibited, except for military necessity;

Prohibited;

allowed only from 14 years.

Illegal combatants are:

Mercenaries, spies, scouts;

Special and commando troops;

Mercenaries, spies.

Paramilitary and police forces:

In order to be recognized as combatant status, the state that uses them

Are not obliged to comply with the IUD;

Respect the IUD only if it is imposed by the employment rules

The status of the combatant is regulated by:

art. 4 of the Geneva Convention III 1949;

Art. 1 of the Regulation Annex C.IV 1907, art. 4 of the Geneva Convention III 1949, art. 43 Protocol I 1977;

Art. 1-3 Regulation Annex C.IV 1907, art. 43-44 Protocol 1 1977.

The customary and conventional rules of international humanitarian law shall become applicable:

from the moment of breaking the diplomatic and consular relations

From the moment of decreeing the general mobilization;

from the moment of establishing the state of belligerence.

The armistice is:

A temporary and conventional suspension of hostilities;

Negotiated surrender of the armed forces;

a unilateral act comprising the conditions imposed by the winner.

Military occupation represents:

invasion and conduct of military operations in the territory

The invasion of an enemy territory and its occupation, in order to exercise control over to him, effectively, a temporary authority;

The separation of a territory from a state for the purpose of proclaiming independence.

Military occupation:

Entails a temporary and limited substitution of competencies;

Allows the occupying state to fully manifest its sovereign attributions;

allows the occupation of the occupied territory if it lasts at least five years.

Inhabitants of the occupied territory:

can be organized in resistance movements, without benefiting from the combatant status and the status of prisoner of war;

May be organized in resistance movements, which, if they meet the requirements imposed by the conventions give their members the status of combatant and prisoner of war;

They do not have the right to resistance movements until the enemy has occupied their territory.

The following treaties govern maritime warfare:

The Hague Conventions - 1907 and the Geneva Convention 11 1949;

Geneva Conventions 1949 and Additional Protocol II - 1977

The Hague Conventions - 1907 and Additional Protocol II 1977

The air landing is:

Air support in ground operations;

The right of aircraft to fly over the space of neutral states;

Airborne troops behind the front.

Use of the submarine

Is governed by the London Protocol of 1936;

Is not regulated by the IUD; c) is regulated by the San Remo Manual.

If a medical aircraft attempts to recover persons who have arrived in enemy territory without consent the opposing party:

The enemy does not have the right to attack it if the recovered persons no longer commit acts of hostility;

An act of hostility is committed and the respective aircraft is exposed to the enemy's attack

Is protected, because the IUD prohibits the attack of medical aircraft.

Occupants of dangerous aircraft parachuting

Execute air landing and can be attacked

They can be attacked during the descent only if they bear distinctive signs

Are protected and must not be attacked during the descent.

According to the Geneva Convention I of 1949, the sick and wounded were entitled to:

All categories of persons;

Members of the armed forces and other categories of persons accompanying them;

Only combatants

Additional Protocol I of 1977 defines the terms "injured" and "sick" as bein

Military personnel who have suffered trauma, illness or other incapacity, or physical disturbances, or mental

Members of the armed forces and their accompanying personnel who have suffered a trauma, illness or other disabilities, or physical or mental disorders;

Military or civilian persons who have suffered trauma, illness or other disabilities, or disorders physical or mental

According to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, members of the ground medical personnel who are captured may be:

Prisoners of war

Detained for the care of wounded and sick prisoners of war, enjoying protection and a regime at least similar to that of prisoners of war;

Repatriate immediately, regardless of the situation.

The soldiers who will be used as auxiliary stretchers, when captured, have the status of:

Prisoners of war;

Protected health personnel, being returned;

detainees.

Nurses on warships on board battles:

Will be respected and spared in all circumstances;

Will be respected and spared as much as possible;

They are not protected because they are inside a military objective

The military medical personnel will identify themselves in the mission:

With a armband worn on the left arm, on which is the distinctive sign, handed by the authority military;

With photo identity certificate;

With an identity document consisting either in an inscription on the military booklet, or in a special document.

According to Additional Protocol I of 1977, the following status have been established

All military or civilian persons who are in a dangerous situation at sea;

Only members of the naval armed forces who are in a dangerous situation at sea

Only the occupants - military and civilian - of drifting or sinking military ships.

For medical aircraft flying over areas dominated by the opposing party:

Flight notification is optional;

it is necessary to reach an agreement, otherwise they are not protected

The prior agreement of its competent authorities must be obtained.

The following are considered civil:

All persons on the territory in conflict who do not wear a uniform;

All persons in the territory in conflict who are not part of the armed forces and do not commit acts of hostility;

persons within the armed forces who do not wear a uniform.

The term "attacks" means, according to Additional Protocol I of 1977:

Military assault operations on enemy objectives;

Acts of violence exercised during the offensive;

Acts of violence against the opponent, whether these acts are offensive or defensive

Civilians shall enjoy protection unless:

is on the territory occupied or controlled by the enemy;

participates directly in hostilities and only during this participation:

Fell into the hands of the enemy.

By military objective in terms of goods we mean:

goods that do not bear signs of protection and in which protected persons are not sheltered;

The goods that, during the hostilities, the armed forces consider that they could use the enemy to obtain military advantages

Goods which, by their nature, by location, destination or use make an effective contribution to military action and whose destruction, total or partial, capture or neutralization, in the circumstances given a precise military advantage

Works or containing dangerous forces, respectively dams, dams and nuclear power plants:

shall not be the object of attacks or reprisals, even if they constitute military objectives, then when such attacks can cause the release of these forces and, consequently, can cause losses important to the civilian population;

can be attacked if through the benefits they offer to the civilian population, the opposing troops encounter difficulties in dertdate military operations;

They can be attacked if there are no agreements between the agents regarding their signaling and protection

The criterion according to which cultural assets are protected is:

That of historical antiquity;

That of their importance for the patrimony of the peoples;

That of the importance that the owner gives to each one.

Members of the armed forces assigned to civil protection may carry out missions:

Only on the territory of their state and of the allies;

And on the territories occupied by the state to which they belong;

Only in the national territory of their state.

Members of the armed forces affected by civil protection who participate in hostilities or commit acts harmful to the enemy:

Lose the right to immunity and become prisoners of war;

Lose the right to immunity, enduring disciplinary or criminal repression;

if they have not been captured, they regain the right of immunity upon termination of another type of mission.

The civilian personnel of the civil protection will be treated, when it falls in the power of the enemy:

As civilians, allowed to continue their humanitarian missions;

as prisoners of war, but allowed to communicate their humanitarian missions;

As civil persons, provided that they no longer carry out civil protection activities

Principle 20 of the 1982 World Nature Charter:

Prohibits military activities prejudicial to nature;

recommends the avoidance of military activities detrimental to nature;

Prohibits military activities detrimental to nature with wider effects than the conflict zone.

By "extensive damage", according to Additional Protocol I of 1977, we mean:

an area smaller than that of several hundred km2

Effects covering an area of many hundreds of km2

A period of several months or one season.

Additional Protocol I of 1977 shall ensure the protection of the environment against the means and methods of warfare which:

Cause extensive, lasting or serious damage

Produce superfluous effects;

Cause extensive, lasting and serious damage.

Convention on the Prohibition of the Use of Environmental Modification Techniques for Military or Any Purposes other hostile goals since 1976

aims at the damage caused to the environment by deliberate manipulations of the natural processes that can leads to disaster-generating phenomena

Concerns the set of actions in which fighting methods are used that may disturb certain indispensable nature balance;

Tends to protect the natural environment regardless of the types of weapons or methods that would be used.

On environmental protection, Additional Protocol I of 1977

Tends to protect the natural environment regardless of the types of annas or methods that would be used;

Is focused on preventing the use of environmental modification techniques as a means of war;

Establishes an interdiction to use techniques to modify the meditation for military or any other purposes hostile purposes.

Convention on the Prohibition of the Use of Environmental Modification Techniques for Military Purposes or Any other hostile purposes of 1976 concern those techniques which produce:

Extensive, lasting and serious damages;

Superfluous effects;

Extensive, lasting or serious damage.

Article 55 of the Additional Protocol I of 1977 provides for the protection of

The natural environment as such;

The population in relation to the effects of the means and methods of combating the environment;

Natural ecosystems and protected areas.

Prisoning represents:

A repressive action;

A precautionary measure against the unarmed enemy combatant;

a sentence of temporary detention.

The status of prisoners of war shall be governed by:

The Hague Convention of 1907 and Protocol I of 1977;

Geneva Convention III 1949 and Protocol I 1977;

Geneva Convention II 1949 and Protocol II 1977

Differentiation of treatment of prisoners of war shall be lawful only if it is based on

state of health or sex;

Nationality or religion;

Rank (military) and political opinion.

As soon as he was captured in the theater of war, the prisoner:

Is imprisoned in the unit that captured him

Teaches Anna and the uniform;

Is handed over to superiors and taken to a meeting place where it is subject to formalities registration.

Prisoners of war, including officers, shall be obliged to salute and to show outward signs of respect, and politeness to the camp commander:

Provided in the military regulations of the army that captured them;

Provided in the military regulations of their own army;

provided in the military regulations elaborated at international level.

Attempted escape from captivity, very strictly regulated in Articles 91-94 of Convention 111 since 1949, the following shall be punished:

criminal;

Collectively

Disciplinary.

The prisoner who managed to escape and rejoined the armed forces, if he is caught second time:

will not be liable to any penalty for previous escape;

Will no longer receive the status of prisoner of war, but of detainee;

Will be subject to disciplinary punishment for previous escape.

The most severe disciplinary punishment applied to prisoners of war is:

life imprisonment;

The prison;

arrest.

Prisoners shall be released and repatriated to their countries:

As soon as possible after the cessation of active hostilities;

after the conclusion of the peace;

At a date set by the power that holds them.

The responsibility of the states may be, depending on the gravity and content of the violations:

Moral, political or material;

Moral, criminal or pecuniary,

Moral, public or detective

The International Criminal Court is a court:

Ad hoc;

Permanent;

Hybrid

The International Criminal Court shall have jurisdiction over national courts:

priority;

Advisory;

Complementary.

Violations of the 1949 Geneva Conventions are called:

Serious crimes;

Crimes of aggression;

War crimes.

The Statute of the International Criminal Court classifies international crimes into:

Offenses, crimes and misdemeanors;

Against peace, war and against humanity

Genocide, against humanity, war and aggression.

The constitutive elements of the crime are:

material, illicit, psychological / subjective;

Material, empirical, vocational;

Material, legal, imprescriptible.

The crime of aggression consists in:

The use of force by a state in violation of the IUD;

the use of armed force by a state against sovereignty, territorial integrity or the political independence of another state;

The use of a more armed force than the opponent.

War crimes may be committed against:

Only of the population and civil persons;

Only of the combatants;

Both against combatants and against the population and civilians.

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