VI pdf quiz part 3

A 4-year-old boy develops an acute febrile illness. His pediatrician diagnoses mumps. The organ most commonly exhibiting signs of mumps is the

The paramyxoviruses include the most important causes of respiratory infections in infants and young children. Which of the following is not characteristic of paramyxoviruses?

Several paramyxoviruses can cause pneumonia in infants or children. For which of the following paramyxoviruses is there an effective vaccine available that would prevent pneumonia?

A 27-year-old woman who is 2 months’ pregnant develops fever, malaise, and arthralgia. A fine maculopapular rash appears on her face, trunk, and extremities. Rubella is diagnosed, and there is concern that the fetus will be infected, resulting in the congenital rubella syndrome. Which of the following statements about this syndrome is correct?

Parainfluenza viruses are ubiquitous and cause respiratory illnesses in people of all ages. However, reinfections with parainfluenza viruses are common because

A 20-month-old boy had an illness characterized by fever, irritability, conjunctivitis, and a brick-red rash initially on the face but spreading downward and outward. At age 9 years, the boy had a gradual onset of severe, generalized neurologic deterioration. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) was diagnosed. Which of the following statements about SSPE is correct?

Which of the following paramyxoviruses has an HN surface glycoprotein lacking hemagglutinin activity?

A 3-year-old girl develops an acute respiratory virus infection that requires hospitalization. Ribavirin therapy is considered. Ribavirin is approved for treatment of which of the following situations?

Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays are useful in diagnosis of paramyxovirus infections. Which of the following statements about RT-PCR is not accurate?

A 5-year-old child develops a low-grade fever, coryza, conjunctivitis, and Koplik spots. The physician can conclude that

Which one of the following statements concerning mumps is correct?

. Each of the following statements concerning measles vaccine is correct except

Each of the following statements concerning rubella is correct except

Each of the following statements concerning rubella vaccine is correct except

Each of the following statements concerning mumps is correct except

Each of the following statements concerning subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is correct except

Which one of the following is the best evidence on which to base a decisive diagnosis of acute mumps disease?

Which of the following statements is more likely to be true of measles (rubeola) than German measles (rubella)?

Coronavirus infections in humans usually cause a common cold syndrome. However, a recent outbreak of SARS was characterized by pneumonia and progressive respiratory failure. The prevention or treatment of these diseases can be accomplished by

The following are common characteristics of coronaviruses, except for one. Which is not correct?

A 63-year-old woman develops fever, headache, malaise, myalgia, and cough. It is early in the winter respiratory virus season, and the patient’s physician does not know what viruses are present in the community. Which of the following viruses is not a cause of acute respiratory disease?

Rabies virus is rapidly destroyed by

Prions are readily destroyed by

The presence in neurons of eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies, called Negri bodies, is characteristic of which of the following central nervous system infections?

Which of the following statements about rabies vaccines for human use is true?

A 22-year-old man is a resident of a small town near London. He likes to eat beefsteak. He develops a severe progressive neurologic disease characterized by psychiatric symptoms, cerebellar signs, and dementia. Probable bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is diagnosed. New variant CreutzfeldtJakob disease in humans and BSE appear to be caused by the same agent. Which of the following statements is true of both diseases?

Rabies virus has a wide host range and the ability to infect all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Which statement about the epidemiology of human rabies is true?

Infectious scrapie agent can be detected in amyloid plaques in infected brains of sheep and hamsters. The genome of the infectious agent is characterized by which of the following nucleic acid types?

A 49-year-old man visited a neurologist after 2 days of increasing right arm pain and paresthesias. The neurologist diagnosed an atypical neuropathy. The symptoms increased and were accompanied by hand spasms and sweating on the right side of the face and trunk. The patient was admitted to the hospital the day after developing dysphagia, hypersalivation, agitation, and generalized muscle twitching. Vital signs and blood tests were normal, but within hours the patient became confused. The consulting neurologist suspected rabies. Rabies immune globulin, vaccine, and acyclovir were administered. The patient was placed on mechanical ventilation the following day. Renal failure developed, and the patient died 3 days later. Rabies test results were positive. The patient’s wife reported the patient had suffered no bites by dogs or wild animals. The most likely explanation for treatment failure is

Which of the following animals is most commonly reported rabid in the United States?

A runner reports an “unprovoked bite” from a neighborhood dog. The dog was captured by local animal control authorities, and it appears healthy. What is the appropriate action?

The slow virus disease that most clearly has immunosuppression as an important factor in its pathogenesis is

A 5-year-old boy in San Francisco reaches into a car to pet another family’s dog and is bitten on the finger. Six weeks after the bite, the child develops fever, headache, and a seizure. He becomes combative and hallucinates. What is the best diagnostic test to perform on the patient to rule in rabies as a cause of his illness?

Each of the following statements concerning rabies and rabies virus is correct except

A 20-year-old man, who for many years had received daily injections of growth hormone prepared from human pituitary glands, develops ataxia, slurred speech, and dementia. At autopsy the brain shows widespread neuronal degeneration, a spongy appearance due to many vacuoles between the cells, no inflammation, and no evidence of virus particles. The most likely diagnosis is

Viruses can cause cancer in animals and humans. A principle of viral carcinogenesis is that

Cellular oncogenes represent activated genes involved in cancer. A second class of cancer genes is involved in cancer development only when both alleles of such a gene are inactivated. The second class of genes is called

A 38-year-old woman is diagnosed with cervical cancer. This cancer is common worldwide and has a sexually transmitted viral etiology. The causative agent of human cervical cancer is

Retroviruses encode an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. The function of the reverse transcriptase enzyme is

Two months after a kidney transplant, a 47-year-old man developed nephropathy. Up to 5% of renal allograft recipients develop nephropathy. A viral cause of some of the nephropathy cases has been identified as

A virus that causes human cancer is also associated with a nervous system disorder called tropical spastic paraparesis. That virus is

The polyomaviruses encode oncoproteins called T antigens. These viral gene products

Cancer viruses are classified in several virus families. Which of the following virus families contains a human cancer virus with an RNA genome?

Laryngeal papillomas in children are generally caused by the same viruses that cause benign genital condylomas. These viruses are

Vaccines against the most common HPV types that cause genital infections were approved in 2006 and 2007. They are aimed for use in which of the following population(s)?

Which of the following best describes available HPV vaccines?

Many of the oncogenic retroviruses carry oncogenes closely related to normal cellular genes, called proto-oncogenes. Which one of the following statements concerning proto-oncogenes is incorrect?

HIV-1 is classified as a member of the Lentivirus genus in the Retroviridae family. Lentiviruses

HIV-1 encodes an envelope glycoprotein, gp120. This protein

HIV/AIDS has become a worldwide epidemic that continues to expand. The geographic area with the largest number of HIVinfected people after sub-Saharan Africa is

The typical course of an untreated HIV infection extends over 10 or more years. There is usually a long period (clinical latency) between the time of primary HIV infection and the development of AIDS. During this period of clinical latency

Viral coinfections occur in HIV-1-infected individuals and may contribute to morbidity and mortality. The most common coinfection in HIV-1-positive persons in the United States involves

What are the most common symptoms of acute HIV infection?

A 36-year-old nurse suffered a needlestick with blood from an HIV-positive patient. Six months later, the nurse’s serum was positive in an EIA test, gave equivocal results in a repeat EIA test, and was negative by Western blot. The nurse

A 41-year-old HIV-infected male who had refused antiretroviral therapy is diagnosed with Pneumocystis jiroveci infection. This patient

A 48-year-old HIV-positive man with a CD4 count of 40 complains of memory loss to his doctor. Four months later, he becomes paralyzed and dies. An autopsy reveals demyelination of many neurons in the brain, and electron microscopy shows clusters of nonenveloped viral particles in the neurons. The most likely cause of the disease is

Highly active antiretroviral combination therapy for HIV infection usually includes a protease inhibitor such as saquinavir. Such a protease inhibitor

In a person with HIV infection, potentially infectious fluids include all of the following except

Of the more than 1 million persons estimated to be living with HIV in the United States in 2011, how many are thought to be unaware of their infection?

Each of the following statements concerning HIV is correct except

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is less than ideal because

Each of the following statements concerning HIV is correct except

A mother states that she has observed her 4-year-old son scratching his anal area frequently. The most likely cause of this condition is

A sexually active 24-year-old woman complains of vaginal itching and vaginal discharge. To verify your tentative diagnosis of trichomoniasis, you should include which of the following in your workup?

You are working in a rural medical clinic in China and a 3-yearold girl is brought in by her mother. The child appears emaciated and, upon testing, is found to have a hemoglobin level of 5 g/dL. Her feet and ankles are swollen, and there is an extensive rash on her feet, ankles, and knees. The most likely parasitic infection that causes the child’s condition is

Pathologic effects of filariae in humans are caused by the adult worms in all but one species. In this case, the principal damage is caused by the microfilariae of

An 18-year-old male complains of abdominal pain, bloating, frequent loose stools, and loss of energy. He returned a month ago from a 3-week hiking and camping trek to the Mount Everest Base Camp in Nepal. The trek involved only high-elevation hiking, since he flew in and out of the 12,000-ft starting point. Which of the following is an important consideration for the diagnosis?

Several Papua New Guinea villagers known to eat pork during celebrations were reported to be suffering from an outbreak of epileptiform seizures. One of the first things you should investigate is

A previously healthy 23-year-old woman recently returned from her vacation after visiting friends in Arizona. She complained of severe headaches, saw “flashing lights,” and had a purulent nasal discharge. She was admitted into the hospital with a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis and died 5 days later. Which of the following parasites should have been considered in the diagnosis? She had no prior history of travel outside of the United States

A 37-year-old sheep farmer from Australia presents with upper right quadrant pain and appears slightly jaundiced. A stool exam was negative for ova and parasites but a CT scan of the liver reveals a large 14-cm cyst that appears to contain fluid. Which of the following parasites should be considered?

Given a diagnosis of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria for the patient in Question 15, which one of the following treatment regimens is appropriate where chloroquineresistance is known?

A 52-year-old male, returning from a travel tour in India and Southeast Asia, was diagnosed with intestinal amebiasis and successfully treated with iodoquinol. A month later, he returned to the clinic complaining of the following conditions. Which of the conditions is most likely the result of systemic amebiasis (even though the intestinal infection appears to be cured)?