Bio Exam
Sebaceous glands produce this: ____________
Sebum
Fat
Sugar
Signals move in which direction?
Dendrites to axon terminals
Axon terminals to dendrites
Nucleus to myelin sheath
Myelin sheath to nucleus
Small muscles in the dermis of the skin are called
Arrector Pili
Strands
Ligaments
Cardiac muscle is found in one organ in the body. What organ?
Heart
Liver
Spine
One layer of epithelial cells thick is considered?
Simple
Multi
Single
Epithelial tissue is either simple or __________, which means many layers of cells stacked on one another.
Stratifed
Multi
Single
Avascular tissue lacks a ___________ supply.
Blood
Muscles
Signals or synapses are sent across the body using this tissue type.
Nerve
Cells
Muscles
Epithelial tissue is avascular.
True
False
Tendons hold muscle to what?
Bones
Ligaments
Put the following skin layers in the correct order from outer to inner layers.
Epidermis, dermis, adipose
Adipose, epidermis, dermis
Epidermis, adipose, dermis
Dermis, adipose, epidermis
Muscles have three categories: skeletal, cardiac, and nervous
True
False
What layer of skin contains most of the blood vessels?
Dermis
Epidermis
Adipose
These cells in our skin contain a lot of protein and die as they move to the outer surface of our body: _______________________
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Adipose
Sebaceous glands
Striations are found in which tissue type(s)?
Muscular
Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Bone, blood and the dermis of our skin belong in this tissue category?
Nervous
Connective
Muscular
Skin, when undamaged and intact, allows in many pathogens?
True
False
An opening in the skin where sweat can escape is called a(n):
Pore
Hole
Opening
The outside of the body contains cells that are in this tissue category?
Connective
Nervous
Musclar
Epithelial
A Pathogen is?
An immune Cell
A disease-causing agent
A chemical that kills viruses
Chemical answer to a viral infection?
Pathogen
Interferon
Virin
What is the Cuboidal Shape
Sqaure
Cube
Round
What is the Squamous Shape
Squished
Flat
What is the Columnar Shape?
Collum
Stacked
What is the difference between simple and stratified epithelial tissue?
Simple is a singular layer, stratified is one layer
Simple is one layer, stratified is many layers
Glands in our body are made of this type of tissue?
Muscular
Epithelial
Connective
Mucous membranes are composed of this type of tissue?
Epithelial
Nervous
Connective
Three types of muscular tissue?
Connective, Nervous, Epithelial
Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac
Is Skeletal Muscle Voluntary or Involuntary?
Involuntary
Voluntary
Is Smooth Muscle Voluntary or Involuntary
Voluntary
Involuntary
Is Cardiac Muscle Voluntary or Involunatry
Voluntary
Involuntary
Where is Cardiac Muscle found in the body?
Heart
Liver
Kidney
Where is Smooth Muscle found in the body
Blood vessel, Organs
Kindey
Where is Skeletal Muscle found in the body?
Tendons
All of our Muscles
Joints
Which type of muscle is found in the body?
Skeletal, Smooth
Cardiac
Why are cardiac muscles shaped like a net (so interwoven)?
Because they need to be connected in order to work
Because they have to connect to each other to give a quick signal for them to beat together.
What are the two basic types of cells?
Neurons, Neurologia
Axon, Dermis
Which way does the impulse travel within sensory and motors nerves?
Axon Terminals to Dendrites Cell Body
Dendrites Cell Body to Axon terminals
What do Sensory Nerves do?
Carry signals from outer parts of your body to the central nervous system
Carry signals from central nervous system to the outer parts of your body
What do Motor Nerves do?
Carry signals from central nervous system to the outer parts of your body
Carry signals from outer parts of your body to the ce
Complement System – and how it kills bacteria?
Series of protein used against proteiins
Series of proteins used against bacteria makes a hole in bacterial wall so it dies
What does a fever do?
Harms the pathogen directly
Slowly kills the pathogen
What does a Phagocytes do?
Takes away things in your body
Looks for things that don’t belong in your body (foreign) and removes them
What does Inflammation do?
Stop pathogen entry Slowing pathogen spreading
Swell up things and heat up
What is the third line of defense?
Immune repsone
Immunity respone
What cell is a lymphocyte?
Red Blood Cell
White Blood Cell
What is the first line of defense?
Blockage, physical
Physical, chemical barriers
What's the second line of defense?
Internal cellular, chemical
Internal, chemical
What is innate immunity?
A specific attack against pathogen
Same defense each time redargless of pathogen
What is acquired energy?
Same defense each time redargless of pathogen
A specifc attack against pathogen
What two systems that defend against pathogens?
Innate, acquired immunity
Acquired, inactive immunity
What 3 shapes are connective tissues?
WBC, RBC, Platelets
WBC, RBC, WSC
Outer skin is which category of muscles?
Epithal
Connective
What does inborn mean?
You are born with acquired engery in place
Your born with innate immunity in place
What is acquired energy?
Takes time to develop
Develops over course of life
What is the immune system?
A defensive and counter attacking system
Counter attacking system against pathogens
Which 3 are disease causing agents
Bacteria, Virus, Fungi
Fungus, Bacteria Virus
Where are the Mucus Membranes and what do they do?
Found in linin of body catives, open to exterior of the body
Found on inside of skin, attach to cells
What is a membrane?
Organ with connective, muscular tissue
Simple organ with a layer of epithlum, connective tissue
What is skin?
Layer of epithelium
Largest organ on outside of body
What is skin composed of?
Epidermis, Dermis
Epithal, Connective tissue
Skin is a physical barrier to pathogens?
True
False
Cells of epidermis are keorncytes?
True
False
Are dead keroncytes full of protein, protect from pathogen invasion
True
False
Basal Cell most common cancer, in stratum Basale layer of epidermis
True
False
What is a Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
Tumor
Where does Squamous Cell's spread to?
Tissues
Lymph nodes, Tissues
What do cancer cells do?
Divide, Spread to dermis
Spread to epithelium, Divide
What is the Dermis?
Deeper layer of skin
What is Sebum?
Oil from sebaceous glands, acdic film hostile to many bacteria
Sebaceous Glands
What is Perspiration?
Tears, enzyme
Tears, Salvia enzyme antibacterial chemical
What is Gastric Acid?
Produced by stomach lining, low ph kills pathogens
Acid in the stomach
What is Normal Flora of bacteria?
Kills pathogens
Hostile enivrnment to pathogens
What do squamous shapes form and how do they move ?
Membrane, move via diffusion
Flattened skin, move emosis
What do Cuboidal, Collmar shapes form?
Membrane
Mucus Membranes
What are Glands composed of?
Connective Tissue
Epithal Tissue
Exocrine Glands secrete into ducts and are localized
True
False
Endocrine Glands no ducts, secrete into surrounding extracellular fluid and travels
True
False
Three kinds are cartilage are Common Ayline, 2 Elastic, 3 Fibro
True
False
What do Peripheral Nervous system do?
Processing analyzing information
Sensory impluses from body to centeral nervous system
What does Central nervous system do?
Processing Anazling imformation
Sensory impulses from body to centeral nervous system
What is a fever and what does it do?
Change in body's temp set point, harms pathogens indirectly, directly
Change in body's heat, harms pathogons directly
What is imflamation?
Travels, redness, heat, pain
Localized, swelling, redness, heat , pain
Phagocytes wander through tissues, removing anything that doesn't belong there
True
False
The lymphatic system comprises third line of defense
True
False
Malt found in Pyer's patch of small intesine
True
False
Spleen largest lympathatic organ
True
False
B Cells mature in bone marrow
True
False
T Cells mature in lymus gland
True
False
Multiple Sclerosis attacks nerve tissues
True
False
Crohn's disease attacks the absorptive portion of intestinal tract
True
False
Type 1 diabetes mellitus attacks pancreas
True
False
Lupus site of attack varies in skin, joints, kidney, lungs
True
False
Rheumatoid Arthritis attacks joints
True
False
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