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Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis Quiz

Generate an illustration of the male and female reproductive systems, highlighting spermatogenesis and oogenesis, with colorful diagrams of the processes involved, suitable for educational purposes.

Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis Quiz

Test your knowledge on the fascinating processes of spermatogenesis and oogenesis with this comprehensive 90-question quiz! Designed for students and enthusiasts alike, this quiz covers a wide array of topics related to male and female gametogenesis, hormonal regulation, and reproductive anatomy.

Key Features:

90 expertly crafted multiple-choice questions
Detailed insights into spermatogenesis and ovogenesis
Ideal for academic reviews and self-assessment

90 Questions22 MinutesCreated by LearningCell123

Spermatogenesis takes place in the following tubules:

straight tubules

rete testis

seminiferous tubules

Ductuli efferentes;

Ductus deferens

Each of the following statements concerning the spermatogenetic stage of proliferation is true, EXCEPT

stem cells divide to give rise to two daughter cells: one remains as a stem cell, the other is committed spermatogonium

Stem cells undergo meiotic divisions

Committed spermatogonia undergo several successive divisions to increase their number

The daughter cells of committed spermatogonium remain connected by cytoplasmic bridges;

Offspring of a stem cell is united to form the syncytium.

The following events take place at the spermatogenetic stage of growth:

Mitotic division of primary spermatocytes

Meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes;

Mitotic division of spermatogonia

Meiotic division of spermatogonia

Prophase of the first meiotic division

The following transformations of the spermatid take place in spermiogenesis (stage of formation), EXCEPT:

the nucleus becomes decondensed;

B – Golgi complex produces an acrosomal granule that is converted to an acrosome;

Mitochondria form the helical sheath round the axonemal complex;

the distal centriole initiates formation of the axonemal complex, the proximal centriole remains near the nucleus

residual cytoplasm is lost.

Each of the following statements concerning the testicular myoid cells is true, EXCEPT:

Their cytoplasm is rich in myofilaments;

Are surrounded by the basal laminae

Their rhythmic contractions create peristaltic waves of the seminiferous tubules;

Are not capable of collagen synthesis

Are involved in selective transport into and out of the seminiferous tubules.

Each of the following statements concerning the testicular Sertoli cells is true, EXCEPT:

Their basal portions rest on the basal lamina

Their apical portions have processes extending into the tubule lumen;

Possess centrioles and are capable of division

Their plasma membranes have receptors for FSH and testosterone

Their cytoplasm is rich in organelles and inclusions

Each of the following statements concerning the testicular Sertoli cell functions is true, EXCEPT:

Support spermatogenic cells;

Provide the exchange of substances between spermatogenic cells and blood;

Eliminate residual bodies and abnormal sperms

Secrete testicular fluid, ABP, and inhibin

Provide peristaltic contractions of the seminiferous tubules.

Each of the following statements concerning the compartmentalization of the seminiferous tubules is true, EXCEPT

Sertoli-Sertoli tight junctions establish basal and luminal compartments

Spermatogonia are in the basal compartment;

Spermatocytes and spermatids are in the luminal compartment

Meiosis and spermiogenesis occur in the basal compartment;

primary spermatocytes pass from the basal compartment to the lumenal one due to the formation of a new transitional compartment

Each of the following statements concerning the testicular Leydig cells is true, EXCEPT:

Are parts of the seminiferous epithelium

Their cytoplasm is rich in sER, Golgi complex, vesicular mitochondria, and lipid droplets;

� produce androgens, mainly testosterone;

Their plasma membranes possess receptors for LH and estrogens

Primarily release the hormone into testicular lymph

The following structures constitute the blood-testis barrier. Choose the firmest structures providing the immune isolation:

Capillary wall

Connective tissue

Lymphatic sinusoid;

Sertoli-Sertoli tight junctions;

The tunica propria of seminiferous tubules.

Each of the following statements concerning the hormonal regulation of the testis is true, EXCEPT

FSH effects on the Sertoli cells and they produce ABP in testicular fluid

LH effects on the Leydig cells and they secrete testosterone;

ABP concentrates testosterone within the tubules to regulate sperm maturation;

Inhibin from Sertoli cells provides feedback with LH;

Testosterone is involved in feedback loop regulating LH production

Each of the following statements concerning the epididymis is true, EXCEPT

Has the head, body, and tail

Sperm maturation in it is not androgen-dependent;

Sperms acquire motility passing through it;

Its epithelial cells secrete glycoproteins that are added to the sperm glycocalyx preventing from premature acrosomal reaction;

Smooth muscle coat of the ductus epididymis increases in thickness and becomes three- layered in the tail

Each of the following statements concerning the prostate gland is true, EXCEPT:

Surrounds the ejaculatory duct;

Its glands are mucosal, submucosal, and peripheral;

The glandular epithelium depends on testosterone;

the glands are surrounded by connective tissue with bundles of smooth muscle cells;

Its alveoli often contain concretions, especially in elderly males.

The intratesticular part of the male genital ducts includes:

Seminiferous tubules

Rete testis

Ductuli efferentes

Straight tubules

The extratesticular part of the male genital duct system consists of:

Ductuli efferentes

Ductus epididymidis

Ductus deferens

Ductus ejaculatorius

The following statements regarding the spermatogenic syncytium are true:

Is a specific association of differentiating cells

occurs because intercellular bridges are present between the progeny of each stem spermatogonium

intercellular connections remain intact until the last stages of spermatid maturation

All its cells undergo synchronous divisions and differentiation

. The spermatogenetic stage of maturation includes:

First meiotic division

Mitotic division

Second meiotic division

Sperm maturation

The spermatogenetic stage of formation includes:

Mitotic division

Meiotic division of primary spermatocytes

Meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes

Differentiation of spermatids into sperms

The physiological conditions that are necessary for spermatogenesis are as follows:

The presence of testosteron

Temperature that is equal to body temperature

Isolation of spermatogenic cells from the immune system

the absence of any hormones

The following statements regarding the vulnerability of spermatogenic cells are true

Spermatogenic cells are not sensitive to noxious agents

Spermatogenic cells are very sensitive to noxious agents

Proliferating cells are not sensitive to injury

Stem spermatogonia are much less vulnerable then actively dividing and differentiating cells

The tunica propria of the seminiferous tubules consists of:

Basal lamina

Collagen and elastic fibres

Several layers of myoid cells

Amorphous ground substance

The following statements regarding the seminiferous epithelium are true

is complex stratified epithelium

Is composed of two cell populations

The Sertoli cells are its true epithelial parts

Spermatogenic cells are its principal parts

The androgens are responsible for

Normal development of the male fetus

Development and maintenance of secondary male sex characteristics

Initiation and maintenance of sperm production

Initiation and maintenance of the male accessory gland functions

The following statements regarding the testicular interstitial connective tissue are true:

Is testicular endocrine part due to the presence of Leydig cells

Its blood capillaries are continuous

Contains lymphatic sinusoids surrounding the seminiferous tubules like sheathes

Its blood capillaries are sinusoidal fenestrated

The following statements regarding the blood-testis barrier functions are true:

Creates specific chemical composition for spermatogenic cell development

Provides hormonal homeostasis in the seminiferous tubules

Isolates antigenic spermatocytes and spermatids from the immune system

Prevents sperm antigen entering the systemic circulation

The ductus deferens wall consists of the following tunics

Mucosa

Adventitia

Three-layered muscularis

Submucosa

Each of the following statements concerning the large growth of ovogenesis is true, EXCEPT:

Begins at puberty

Is represented by primary oocytes leaving the dictyotene;

Includes accumulation of organelles, yolk granules, and cortical granules;

Lasts about two weeks until just before ovulation;

is hormone-independent

Each of the following statements concerning the ovogenesis stage of maturation is true, EXCEPT:

the primary oocyte completes the first meiotic division shortly before ovulation

The secondary oocyte begins the second meiotic division at ovulation;

Cytoplasm division between daughter cells is equal;

The second meiotic division progresses only to metaphase when it is arrested;

The second meiotic division is completed if the secondary oocyte is fertilized.

Each of the following statements concerning the ovary is true, EXCEPT

Is invested by a connective tissue capsule and the germinal epithelium

Its germinal epithelium is a source of new oogonia;

Its cortex contains follicles, atretic bodies, and the corpus luteum;

Its medulla contains connective tissue with blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves;

Produces female gametes and secretes female sex hormones.

Each of the following statements concerning the secondary ovarian follicles is true, EXCEPT

Contain the primary oocyte at large growth surrounded by the zona pellucida;

Their follicular epithelium becomes stratified and is named the membrana granulosa;

Fluid- filled cavities appear among their granulosa cells;

Small cavities begin to coalesce eventually forming the antrum;

Lack the theca layer

Each of the following statements concerning the ovarian theca cells is true, EXCEPT:

Are located in the theca interna of growing and mature follicles

Their cytoplasm is rich in sER, Golgi apparatus, vesicular mitochondria, and lipid drops;

Secrete androgens;

Their secretory activity is under FSH contro

Their androgens are transported to the granulosa cells where they become estrogens.

Each of the following statements concerning the ovarian mature follicle is true, EXCEPT

represents the earliest stage of follicular development;

Bulges on the ovary surface because of its large size;

its oocyte is surrounded by the zona pellucida and the corona radiata

� its oocyte is acentrically positioned at the cumulus oophorum

� its antrum increases in size and is surrounded by the granulosa cells.

Each of the following statements concerning the ovulation is true, EXCEPT:

� it is controlled by the LH and FSH peaks;

the secondary oocyte at metaphase II leaves the ovary and enters the oviduct;

before ovulation the stigma disappears

The stigma ruptures forming a small gap in the capsule, germinal epithelium, and follicle wall;

the oocyte with its surrounding leaves the ovary via this gap.

Each of the following statements concerning the corpus luteum activity and its hormonal regulation is true, EXCEPT:

The corpus luteum formation is controlled by LH

Mature corpus luteum secretes progesterone;

The corpus luteum secretion is controlled by prolactine (LTH)

High blood progesterone levels stimulate the cyclic development of ovarian follicles;

Progesterone stimulates the endometrium to prepare it for future implantation

Each of the following statements concerning the ovarian corpus luteum is true, EXCEPT

the corpus luteum of pregnancy reaches the size of 2–3 cm and retains its functional capacity for about half a year;

the corpus luteum of menstruation remains active for 28 days;

the granulosa lutein cells are large, pale, and centrally located

the theca lutein cells are small, dark, and peripherally located

The corpus luteum undergoes involution after pregnancy or menstruation and is replaced by the corpus albicans

Each of the following statements concerning the ovarian follicle atresia is true, EXCEPT:

oocyte degeneration appears later than degenerative changes in the follicular wall;

The oocyte undergoes degeneration and autolysis;

Oocyte remnants are removed by macrophages;

the zona pellucida is slowly broken down in the follicular cavity

Results in the corpus luteum formation

The following statements regarding the ovogenesis stage of proliferation are true

Begins and ends during early fetal life

is represented by oogonia that divide by mitosis

completes before birth when all oogonia become primary oocytes

includes the arrested phase called dictyotene

The following statements regarding the small growth of the ovogenesis are true:

Begins in embryogenesis

its essence is the prophase of the first meiotic division

Prophase I completion does not occur until puberty (

Rimary oocytes remain in the arrested prophase called dictyotene for several years

The following statements regarding the ovarian primordial follicles are true:

Are composed of the primary oocyte at the dictyotene surrounding by a single layer of squamous follicular cells

are the earliest stage of follicular development

Predominate in number among ovarian follicles

Are located in the ovarian medulla

The following statements regarding the ovarian primary follicles are true:

their primary oocytes begin the large growth and considerably enlarge in volume

Oocytes and follicular cells produce the zona pellucida

follicular cells proliferate, become cuboidal in shape, and form one layer

The theca layer appears

The following statements regarding the ovarian follicle granulosa cells are true:

Secrete liquor folliculi

Are involved in selective transport between blood and the oocyte

Can convert androgens to estrogens

Possess plasma membrane FSH receptors

The following statements regarding the ovarian follicle theca are true:

Theca interna contains loose connective tissue, blood vessels, and theca cells

is present only in mature (Graafian) follicles

theca externa consists of dense irregular connective tissue

produces estrogens

The following statements regarding the events preceding follicle rupture in ovulation are true:

Follicular fluid volume and pressure increase

Myofibroblasts of the theca externa contract

The follicular wall undergoes enzymatic proteolysis

the oocyte-cumulus complex separates from the granulosa layer

The following events take place in the ovarian corpus luteum formation:

The basement membrane of granulosa cells undergoes destruction

Granulosa cells and theca cells proliferate

Blood vessels from the theca interna grow into the granulosa layer

A rich network of sinusoidal fenestrated capillaries is established

The granulosa cells and theca cells undergo the following morphological changes in the corpus luteum formation

Increase in size

become filled with lipid droplets

accumulate sER and vesicular mitochondria

Lipochrome imparts the yellow colour to them in fresh specimens

The following statements regarding the ovarian follicle atresia are true:

numerous follicles undergo atresia during fetal development, early postnatal life, and puberty

Atresia of primordial and primary follicles leaves no traces of their existence

Atresia of growing follicles results in their reorganisation into atretic bodies secreting estrogens

atresia declines in the climacteric period

The following events take place in the ovarian follicle atresia:

Blood vessels, neutrophils, and macrophages invade the granulosa layer

granulosa cell slough into the follicle antrum

Theca cells acquire the ability to secrete estrogens

The basement membrane separates from follicular cells, increases in thickness, and becomes a glassy membrane

Each of the following statements concerning the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle is true, EXCEPT

Lasts from the 1st to the 14th day of a cycle

Actively secreting corpus luteum is present in the ovary;

Follicles at various stages of development, atretic follicles, and the corpus lutuem in involution up to the corpus albicans are present in the ovary

the ovaries primarily secrete estrogens;

Estrogen blood level rises and reaches the peak by ovulation.

Each of the following statements concerning the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle is true, EXCEPT

begins after ovulation and lasts up to the 28th day of a cycle;

� at the beginning of this phase, the corpus luteum is formed;

The corpus luteum produces progesterone;

Progesterone stimulates the ovarian follicle development;

At the end of this phase, the corpus luteum begins to regress, and progesterone level declines.

Each of the following statements concerning the hormonal regulation of the ovarian cycle is true, EXCEPT:

FSH blood level possesses two peaks: on the 7th day and on the 14th day;

LH blood level sharply increases by the 14th day;

Progesterone inhibits LH production

Estrogens stimulate LH secretion and inhibit FSH secretion;

prolactin (LTH) does not take part in the ovarian cycle regulation.

Each of the following statements concerning the endometrium is true, EXCEPT:

its epithelium is simple columnar, consisting of secretory and ciliated cells;

its glands are simple nonbranched tubular;

Secretion of its glands is controlled by estrogens;

Its glandular bottoms contain stem cells for re-epithelialization;

The endometrial stroma consists of loose connective tissue.

Each of the following statements concerning the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle is true, EXCEPT:

Is regulated by progesterone;

� epithelial cells in glandular bottoms proliferate and cover the endometrial surface;

The endometrium thickens due to proliferation of stromal cells and matrix secretion;

� uterine glands are restored

The helical arterioles are re-established.

Each of the following statements concerning the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle is true, EXCEPT:

starts 2-3 days after ovulation;

� the endometrium thickens by edema

� the uterine glands begin to secrete;

The helical arterioles become more coiled;

is controlled by estrogens.

Each of the following statements concerning the menstrual phase of the uterine cycle is true, EXCEPT

Starts when the corpus luteum begins to regress, and progesterone level declines;

– initially, contractions of the helical arteriole wall occur and last several hours

arterial contractions result in ischemia and necrosis of the functional layer;

Subsequent arterial dilation leads to vessel rupture, bleeding, and desquamation of the necrotic functional layer

The rising level of progesterone stops menstrual discharge.

Each of the following statements concerning the oviduct epithelium is true, EXCEPT:

Its secretory cells produce mucus providing embryo implantation;

� its secretory cells produce mucus providing the initial embryo development till the morula stage

� its secretory cells create the environment for fertilization;

Its ciliated cells facilitate the transport of gametes and an embryo;

Its cilium waves are directed towards the uterus;

Each of the following statements concerning the vaginal epithelium is true, EXCEPT:

is stratified squamous;

Undergoes keratinization during the cycle;

its cells synthesize and accumulate glycogen;

its cells are continuously desquamated into the vaginal lumen where bacteria metabolise glycogen into lactic acid

vaginal acid pH limits the growth of pathogenic organisms.

Each of the following statements concerning the mammary gland development is true, EXCEPT:

The nipple, areola, and rudimentary duct system develop in embryogenesis;

� at puberty, the glands increase in size due to duct formation and connective tissue development;

Secretory portions develop at puberty under estrogen stimulation;

Progesterone stimulates alveolus growth in pregnancy;

Alveoli begin to secrete milk after delivery.

Each of the following statements concerning the lactation regulation is true, EXCEPT:

the act of suckling initiates sensory impulses from the nipple to the hypothalamus;

Prolactin is released from the adenohypophysis in response to the impulses;

� sensory impulses cause oxytocin release in the neurohypophysis;

oxytocin stimulates myoepithelial cells to contract;

Prolactin inhibits milk secretion in the alveolar cells.

The following statements regarding the ovarian cycle are true:

includes the follicular phase and the luteal phase

ovulation occurs between two phases at midcycle

Is controlled by the adenohypophysial hormones

Averages about 28 days in length

The following statements regarding the endometrial functional layer are true:

Is sloughed and then re-established during the cycle

Includes the covering epithelium and the lamina propria

is supplied by the helical arterioles

Includes the bottoms of uterine glands

The following statements regarding the endometrial basal layer are true:

Is retained during the cycle and serves for regeneration of the functional layer

is supplied by the helical arterioles

includes the bottoms of uterine glands

) lacks stem and undifferentiated cells for re-epithelialization

The following statements regarding the menstrual cycle are true:

Is accompanied by the uterine discharge called menstruation (menses)

Is controlled by the ovarian hormones: estrogens and progesterone

Consists of three phases

if embryo implants, the cycle stops

The following statements regarding the uterine gland mucoid secretion are true:

Is rich in nutrients, particularly glycogen

Is produced under FSH control

its immunoglobulins provide endometrial sterility

Is secreted during the whole cycle

The following statements regarding the uterine cervix are true:

Its mucosa lacks the helical arterioles and is not sloughed during the cycle

its branched glands secrete the whole cycle

The volume and character of secreted mucus change during the cycle

Its myometrium contains more connective tissue and less smooth muscle cells

The following statements regarding the secretion of uterine cervix glands are true:

Is watery under estrogen influence that allows easier sperm passage

increases in volume at midcycle under estrogen influence (

Is highly viscous under progesterone influence that hinders the passage of sperms or microorganisms

Its character in pregnancy is the same as that in the luteal phase

The following statements regarding the oviduct mucosa are true:

lacks the glands

forms folds that fill the oviduct lumen

Its simple epithelium consists of ciliated and secretory cells (

Is not sensitive to the ovarian hormones

The following statements regarding the vaginal epithelium cyclic changes are true:

epithelium thickens and its superficial cells are desquamated under estrogen control

Estrogens inhibit the synthesis and accumulation of glycogen in the epithelial cells

Each of the following statements concerning the kidney functions is true, EXCEPT

Produce the urine;

Conserve water, essential electrolytes, and metabolites;

Secrete angiotensin

Remove waste products of metabolism from body;

secrete erythropoietin and renin.

The following structures are located in, and make up, the kidney cortex, EXCEPT:

Renal corpuscles

transitional epithelium; -

Proximal convoluted tubules

Distal convoluted tubules

medullary rays.

Each of the following statements concerning the nephrons is true, EXCEPT:

Are functional units of the kidney;

Have the renal capsules;

Include the proximal and distal convoluted tubules;

include the descending and ascending parts of the loop of Henle;

Empty into the minor calyx.

Each of the following statements concerning the renal corpuscles is true, EXCEPT:

Include the double-layered renal capsule;

the capsular parietal layer consists of flat cells and surrounds the capsular space

The capsular visceral layer consists of podocytes and surrounds the capillary glomerulus;

The glomerulus contains continuous- type capillaries;

the site where afferent and efferent arterioles penetrate the capsule is the corpuscle vascular pole.

Each of the following statements concerning the renal filtration barrier is true, EXCEPT:

includes the capsular parietal layer

Includes the endothelium of glomerular capillaries;

The glomerular basement membrane is the principal barrier component;

The glomerular basement membrane consists of three layers;

the lamina densa of the glomerular basement membrane contains collagen network and acts as a physical filter.

Each of the following statements concerning the renal proximal convoluted tubules is true, EXCEPT:

Are more tortuous and longer than the distal convoluted tubules;

possess cuboidal cells specialized for absorption and fluid transport;

Ack the brush border and basal striations;

reabsorb 80% of primary filtrate

reabsorb amino acids, sugars, and other organic substances.

Each of the following statements concerning the renal distal convoluted tubules is true, EXCEPT:

Have cuboidal cells with basal striation;

their epithelial cells possess the brush border;

Reabsorb Na+ under aldosterone control

Reabsorb water under ADH regulation

are less tortuous and shorter than the proximal convoluted tubules

. Each of the following statements concerning the renal collecting tubules is true, EXCEPT:

are lined with the cuboidal or low columnar epithelium;

Their epithelium includes dark and light cells;

water permeability of their epithelium is regulated by ADH;

Their cells possess the brush border;

their dark cells secrete hydrogen ions into the urine creating its acid reaction.

Each of the following statements concerning the renal macula densa is true, EXCEPT:

Is formed in the distal convoluted tubule at the site of tubule contact with the vascular pole of its parent renal corpuscle

is located between afferent and efferent arterioles

its epithelial cells become higher and narrower, their nuclei appear crowded

its cells control NaCl concentration in the urine and regulate renin release;

its cells produce renin.

Each of the following statements concerning the renal juxtaglomerular cells is true, EXCEPT:

Are modified smooth muscle cells;

are located in afferent and sometimes in efferent arterioles;

Contain secretory granules

Are chemoreceptors and control the blood concentration of NaCl;

Synthesize, store, and release renin.

Each of the following statements concerning the transitional epithelium is true, EXCEPT:

Lines the mucosa of all excretory passages

its surface cells are dome-shaped and bulge into the lumen;

Is highly permeable for salts and water;

consists of 5 or 6 layers in unstretched condition;

Consists of 2 or 3 layers in stretched condition

Each of the following statements concerning the juxtamedullary nephrons is true, EXCEPT:

Are the principal nephrons producing the urine

The diameters of their afferent and efferent arterioles are equal;

their vasa recta have arteriovenous anastomosis;

Their corpuscles are in proximity to the base of medullary pyramids;

Serve for the blood passage during exercise.

. The following structures are located in, and make up, the kidney medulla:

Descending limbs of the loops of Henle

ascending limbs of the loops of Henle

Collecting tubules and ducts

vasa recta

The following statements regarding the kidney medullary rays are true:

Are parts of the kidney cortex

project into the cortex from the medulla

contain the collecting tubules

Include the straight tubule components of nephrons

The following statements regarding the kidney lobule are true:

Consists of the collecting duct and all the nephrons it drains

The medullary ray is the lobular centre

The interlobular blood vessels mark the boundaries between the adjacent lobules

it is a renal secretory unit

The following statements regarding the kidney arterial portal system are true

The afferent arteriole branches and forms the glomerular capillaries (.

The glomerular capillaries are drained into the efferent arteriole

the efferent arteriole branches and forms the peritubular capillary network

the diameter of the efferent arteriole is larger than that of the afferent arteriole

The following statements regarding the renal podocytes are true

Are the cells of the capsular parietal layer

Have processes subdivided into pedicels

Lack their own basement membrane

The processes of neighboring podocytes interdigitate to form filtration slits

The following statements regarding filtration in the renal corpuscle are true

Filtration is caused by high blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries

the blood formed elements and large proteins do not pass through the filtration barrier

Filtration results in the primary urine formation

Contraction of afferent arterioles reduces filtration, contraction of efferent arterioles increases it

The following statements regarding the renal mesangial cells are true:

These cells and their extracellular matrix constitute the mesangium

are positioned among the loops of glomerular capillaries

Are enclosed by the capillary basal lamina

Are parts of the filtration barrier

The following statements regarding the functions of the renal mesangial cells are true:

Are phagocytic and remove proteins, residues, and debris from the glomerular basement membrane

Provide structural support for podocytes where the basement membrane is absent or incomplete

Are contractile and play a certain role in regulating the glomerular blood flow

Take part in filtration

The structures taking part in the countercurrent exchange are as follows:

loops of Henle

Collecting ducts

Vasa recta

Convoluted tubules

The following statements regarding the renal loop of Henle are true:

Water diffuses into the hypertonic interstitium from its descending portion

its ascending portion is largely impermeable for water

Its ascending limb actively transports ions from the lumen to the interstitium

The interstitium becomes hypertonic due to the action of its ascending limb

The following statements regarding the renal collecting ducts are true:

are lined with columnar epithelial cells

pass through the hypertonic medullary interstitium

Water leaves their lumen passively, without energy

Take part in countercurrent exchange

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