EPY 500

Dependent Variable

Behavior that is expected to change due to different treatment

Extraneous Variable

Refer to any other variable that might affect the dependent variable.

Single Subject Research

Is a type of experimental research in which one or a small number of participants are studied Data are collected multiple times during a baseline period where no treatment is present A treatment is then presented and data are collected to see if there is a change in the dependent variable

Causal Comparative Research

Examines differences between groups based on their past experience Researcher identifies two groups with different past experiences

Correlational Research

Seeks to explore relationships among two or more variables all of which are measured

Meta-Analysis

Examines whether studies looking at the same research question have obtained the same results Summarizes the results of the studies statistically

Qualitative sub-questions

Research questions that guide research without limiting it

Purposeful sampling

Select participants who have key information or can provide rich data

Key informants

Participants who inform researcher on frequent basis

Ethnographic Research

Examines culture and interactions of a group in natural environment Aims to understand how meaning is constructed within a cultural group

Phenomenological Resarch

Tries to capture the everyday lived experiences of participants and understand what the meaning of these experiences for participants Data are collected mainly through multiple in-depth interviews

Narrative Research

Seeks to portray the lives of people in a specific setting or context through story telling. Data are analyzed and restorying is used to retell the person’s story in a logical chronological order

Action Research

Seeks to improve educational practices Uses both qualitative and quantitative methods Conducted by practitioners in their own educational settings

Program Evaluation

Attempts to determine the degree of success or failure of educational programs Collects quantitative and qualitative data

Qualitative Measure

Methods are flexible and naturalistic Tools are developed by researcher to fit goals of study Data are in narrative (words) or image (pictures, maps) formats

Descriptive field notes

Summarize what the researcher sees and hers with as few subjective comments as possible

Reflective field notes

Summarize the observer’s feelings and thoughts about what is observed

Quantitative Measure

Setting is controlled by the researcher. Hypothesis states a prediction before data is collected based on prior research

Subjectivity

Researcher must examine how their own biases and assumptions affect the research

Credibility

Has the researcher accurately recorded what has happened and what people think, feel and do? Are the data are valid representations of the setting and participants? Has the researcher controlled for observer bias?

Dependability

Can one track the procedures and processes used to collect and interpret the data?

Transferability

Can the lessons learned in one setting be applied with caution to another setting?

Promoting Action and Collaboration (Catalytic Authenticity)

Has the study stimulated actions to improve education or enhance the lives of persons with little power?

Inductive Reasoning

Qualitative Research: leads to more specific yet flexible research questions

Hypothetico-Deductive Reasoning

Quantitative Research: leads to a research hypothesis

Operational Definition

Describes how a variable will be measured

Sampling Bias

Systematic differences between sample and population

Descriptive Survey Research

Guided by board research question and subquestions. Survey is administered to a randomly selected group.

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