From Gene to Protein

Create a colorful and engaging illustration of molecular biology concepts, featuring DNA, RNA, proteins, and tRNA with an educational theme, suitable for a quiz about genetic processes.

From Gene to Protein: Test Your Knowledge

Welcome to the "From Gene to Protein" quiz, where you can test your understanding of molecular biology and genetics! This engaging quiz features 20 multiple-choice questions covering key concepts related to RNA processing, protein synthesis, mutations, and more.

Whether you are a student, teacher, or just a biology enthusiast, you can enhance your knowledge with:

Multiple choice questions
Instant feedback on your answers
A chance to learn about the fascinating processes that convert genes into proteins

20 Questions5 MinutesCreated by LearningMolecule17

Which of the following is not true of RNA processing?

A. Ribozymes may function in RNA splicing.

B. RNA splicing can be catalyzed by spliceosomes.

C. A primary transcript is often much longer than the final RNA molecule that leaves the nucleus.

D. Exons are cut out before mRNA leaves the nucleus.

E. Nucleotides may be added at both ends of the RNA.

An extraterrestrial life form is discovered. It has a genetic code much like that of organisms on Earth except that there are five different DNA bases instead of four and the base sequences are translated as doublets instead of triplets. How many different amino acids could be accommodated by this genetic code?

Choose the answer that has these events of protein synthesis in the proper sequence. 1. An aminoacyl-tRNA binds to the A site. 2. A peptide bond forms between the new amino acid and a polypeptide chain. 3. tRNA leaves the P site, and the P site remains vacant. 4. A small ribosomal subunit binds with mRNA. 5. tRNA translocates to the P site.

A base substitution mutation in a gene sometimes does not result in a different protein. Which of the following factors could account for this?

A. The fact that such mutations are usually accompanied by a complementary deletion.

B. A correcting mechanism that is part of the mRNA molecule

C. The mutation affects only the sequence of amino acids, so the protein stays the same

D. Some amino acids are produced from more than one codon

E. The rarity of such mutations

We now know that the one gene-one-enzyme hypothesis is not entirely accurate because

A. A single gene codes for a single polypeptide chain, and many enzymes are made up of more than one polypeptide chain.

B. Many genes code for proteins that are not enzymes.This answer is incorrect.

C. Many genes code for RNA molecules that have no enzymatic activity.

D. None of the choices are correct.

E. All the choices are correct.

Which of the following is true for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression?

A. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region to begin transcription.

B. mRNA is synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction.

C. Translation of mRNA can begin before transcription is complete.

D. The mRNA transcript is the exact complement of the gene from which it was copied.

E. After transcription, a 3' poly-A tail and a 5' cap are added to mRNA.

A transcription unit that is 8,000 nucleotides long may use 1,200 nucleotides to make a protein consisting of 400 amino acids. This is best explained by the fact that

A. Many noncoding nucleotides are present in mRNA.

B. There is redundancy and ambiguity in the genetic code.

C. Many nucleotides are needed to code for each amino acid.

D. Nucleotides break off and are lost during the transcription process.

E. There are termination exons near the beginning of mRNA.

During RNA processing, a(n) _____________________ is added to the 3' end of the RNA.

In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until

A. Several transcription factors have bound to the promoter.b. DNA nucleases have isolated the transcription unit.

B. DNA nucleases have isolated the transcription unit.

C. the DNA introns are removed from the template.

D. The two DNA strands have completely separated and exposed the promoter.

E. the 5' caps are removed from the mRNA.

What are polyribosomes?

A. Multiple copies of ribosomes associated with giant chromosomes

B. Groups of ribosomes reading a single mRNA simultaneously

C. Ribosomes associated with more than one tRNA

D. Aggregations of vesicles containing ribosomal RNA

E. Ribosomes containing more than two subunits

Which of the following mutations would be most likely to have a harmful effect on an organism?

A. A deletion of three nucleotides near the middle of a gene

B. A single nucleotide insertion downstream of, and close to, the start of the coding sequence

C. A nucleotide-pair substitution

D. A single nucleotide deletion in the middle of an intron

E. A single nucleotide deletion near the end of the coding sequence

Using a mRNA codon table, identify a 5' to 3' sequence of nucleotides in the DNA template strand for an mRNA coding for the polypeptide sequence Phe-Pro-Lys.

The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is

A. changeable, depending on the amino acid that attaches to the tRNA.

B. Complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon.

C. The part of tRNA that bonds to a specific amino acid.

D. catalytic, making the tRNA a ribozyme.

E. Complementary to the corresponding mRNA triplet in rRNA.

What type of bonding is responsible for maintaining the shape of the tRNA molecule?

A. Covalent bonding between sulfur atoms

B. Peptide bonding between amino acids

C. Hydrogen bonding between base pairs

D. Van der Waals interactions between hydrogen atoms

E. Ionic bonding between phosphates

Spliceosomes are composed of

A frameshift mutation could result from

A. A base substitution only.

B. A base deletion only.

C. A base insertion only.

D. Deletion of three consecutive bases.

E. Either an insertion or a deletion of a base.

RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase differ in that

A. RNA polymerase binds to single-stranded DNA, and DNA polymerase binds to double-stranded DNA.

B. RNA polymerase can initiate RNA synthesis, but DNA polymerase requires a primer to initiate DNA synthesis.

C. RNA polymerase is much more accurate than DNA polymerase.

D. RNA polymerase does not need to separate the two strands of DNA in order to synthesize an RNA copy, whereas DNA polymerase must unwind the double helix before it can replicate the DNA.

E. RNA polymerase uses RNA as a template, and DNA polymerase uses a DNA template.

Which of the following is not true of a codon?

A. It may code for the same amino acid as another codon.

B. It is the basic unit of the genetic code.

C. It never codes for more than one amino acid.

D. It consists of three nucleotides.

E. It extends from one end of a tRNA molecule.

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